Math 2433 Homework #7

Solutions
Section 12.8
Find
radius of convergence and interval of convergence of the series.
Pthe
(1)n xn
4.
n+1 .
Solution: Here an =

(1)n xn
n+1 ,

so



 an+1 

 = lim  |x|  = |x|.
lim 
n
an  n n+2
n+1

By Ratio Test the series converges for |x| < 1 thus R = 1 and it is clear that the interval
of convergence is (1, 1).
8.

nn xn .

Solution: We use the Root Test here.

p
lim n |nn xn | = lim n|x| =
n

so the series diverges.

11.

P (2)n xn

Solution: Here an =

(2)n xn

,
4n

so



 an+1 
2|x|

 = lim q
lim 
= 2|x|.

n
n 4 n+1
an
n

, so R = 12 and the interval of convergence

By Ratio Test, the series converges for |x| < 21 P
1 1
1
1

For
contains ( 2 , 2 ). For x = 2 the series is
4 n which is a divergent p series.
P
n
(1)

x = 21 , the series is
which is a convergent alternating series. Hence the interval
4n
of convergence is ( 21 , 21 ].

16.

P
n
(1)n (x3)
2n+1 .

Solution: Here an =

(1)n (x3)n
2n+1

so



 an+1 
 = lim |x 3| = |x 3|.

lim
n 2n+3
n  an 
2n+1
1

Solutions

By Ratio Test, the series converges for |x 3| < 1, so

P R 1 = 1 and the interval of
convergence contains (2, 4). For x = 2, the series is
2n+1 which is divergent by
P (1)n
Comparison Test. For x = 4, the series becomes
2n+1 , which converges by Alternating
Series Test. Thus, the interval of convergence is [2, 4).
22.

P n(x4)n
n3 +1

n(x4)n
n3 +1

so




 an+1 
n+1
|x 4|


= lim
lim 
3 +1 = |x 4|.

(n+1)
n
n
an
n
3

Solution: Here an =

n +1

Thus, the radius of convergence

is R = 1 and the interval of convergence contains (3, 5).
P
n
For x = 3, the series is (1) n3n+1 P
which is a convergent alternating series (you have to
n
which converges by (for example) the Limit
check this). For x = 5, the series is
n3 +1
Comparison Test. Hence, the interval of convergence is [3, 5].
Section 12.9 Write down the power series representation of each of the following functions.
3
4.f (x) = 1x
4.
Solution: The power series representation is
3

(x ) =

8.f (x) =

3x4n .

n=0

n=0
x
.
2x2 +1



1
Solution: We have f (x) = x 1+2x
The power series representation of
2 .
P
P
P
2
n
n
2n
(2x ) = (2) x . Hence the representation of f (x) is (2)n x2n+1 .
13.
(a) Use differentiation to find a power series representation for
f (x) =

1
.
(1 + x)2

(b) Use part (a) to find a power series for

f (x) =

1
.
(1 + x)3

(c) Use part (b) to find a power series for

f (x) =

x2
.
(1 + x)3

1
1+2x2

is

Math 2433 Homework #7

Solution:


d
1
(a) We have f (x) = dx
and the power series representation of
1+x
P
P
n
n
n
n=0 (1) x . Hence the representation of f (x) is
n=0 (x) =

n=1

n=1

1
1+x

is

X
X
d X
(1)n+1 nxn1 .
(1)n nxn1 =
(1)n xn =
dx
n=0

1
d
(b) Here we have f (x) = 21 dx
. From part (a), this means that the power
(1+x)2
series representation of f (x) is
!

X
(1)n+2
1X
1 d X
n+1
n1
n+1
n2
n(n1)xn2 .
(1)
nx
=
(1)
n(n1)x
=

2 dx
2
2
n=1

n=2

n=2

(c) Using part (b), the power series of f (x) is

n=2

(1)n+2
n(n
2

1)xn .

Find a power series representation for the function and determine the radius of convergence.
15. f (x) = ln(1 x)
Solution: We have f (x) =

1
1x dx.

Z X

n=0

The power series representation of f (x) is therefore

X
xn+1
x dx = C
n+1
n

n=0

where C is a constant of integration to be determined. For x = 0, f (0) = 0, so C = 0.

P
xn+1
Hence the representation of fP
(x) is
n=0 n+1 . The radius of convergence is the same
as that of the original series
xn , which is R = 1.
FindRthe indefinite integral as a power series. What is the radius of convergence?
t
23. 1t
8 dt.
P 8 n
P 8n
1
(t ) =
t . Hence the integral as a power
Solution: The power series of 1t
8 is
series becomes
Z X
Z
X t8n+2
t
8n+1
dt
=
.
t
dt
=
C
+
1 t8
8n + 2
The radius of convergence is R = 1.