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calculated using the cascade decimation and transforming into impedance tensor to obtain the
power spectrum of the EM field. Remote reference can be used to improve the quality of data
processing results, although only reduce local noise. The final stage of processing aims to obtain the
apparent resistivity curve and overall phase frequency.
After processing of MT data finished, the next step is the simultaneous 2D inversion of the
MT onshore and offshore data. Inversion used is smoothness-constrained 2D inversion to obtain 2D
resistivity models. Seismic reflection survey produce geological strata boundaries. Meanwhile,
well-logging up to depth of 1000 m provide detailed geological information, and the amount of
chlorine (Cl) data in the pores of the core sample associated with resistivity. Geological and
geophysical data that has been analyzed then combined to identify the structure of quaternary
sedimentary layers and late-Neogen, also to estimate the distribution of underground aquifer
(freshwater / saline) and seafloor. Well-logging data can provide information the composition of
Quartenary sedimentary layers. So, based on the model of 2D resistivity data and well-logging, it
can be known the resistivity of Neogene sedimentary layers and the Sarabetsu quaternary
Formation.
Moreover, the new MT measurement system (supported by seismic reflection and boreholelogging) is proved that can be used to determine the geological strata and distribution of aquifers
including their condition (Brackish/fresh groundwater) in the coastal area where touted as a
candidate repository of HLW (high-level radioactive waste). However, in the future study offshore
for OBEM methods need to be developed further in order to improve range of measurement and its
popularity, because survey with this method more effective and efficient in terms of time,
measurement, and cost. Deficiency of the new MT measurement system (modern OBM) is perhaps
only one, i.e. the inability to dampen the overall noise at a frequency of 10 -2 -100 Hz caused by
ocean waves.
Figure 1: Receiver MT OBEM is composed of three main components, i.e. baseboard, data logger, and EM
sensor which can operate in offshore MT measurement (very shallow-water survey).
References :
Chave, A.D., Constable, S.C., Edwards, R.N., 1991. Electrical exploration methods for the seafloor. In:
Nabighian, M.N. (Ed.), Electromagnetic methods in applied geophysics. Applications part B, 2.
Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, pp. 931966.
Ito, N., Koshigai, M., Marui, A., 2010. Preliminary model for simulation of groundwater flow and
seawater/freshwater interface at coastal area of Horonobe, Hokkaido. J. Groundw. Hydrol. 52,
381394.
Key, K., 2012. Marine electromagnetic studies of seafloor resources and tectonics. Surv.Geophys. 33,
135167 (ishttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10712-011-9139-x).
Takumi Ueda, Y. M. (2014). A new marine magnetotelluric system in a shallow-water environment for
hydrogeological study. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 23-31.