Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
HighstrengthlowalloysteelWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
Highstrengthlowalloysteel
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
Highstrengthlowalloysteel(HSLA)isatypeofalloysteelthatprovidesbettermechanicalpropertiesor
greaterresistancetocorrosionthancarbonsteel.HSLAsteelsvaryfromothersteelsinthattheyarenot
madetomeetaspecificchemicalcompositionbutrathertospecificmechanicalproperties.Theyhavea
carboncontentbetween0.050.25%toretainformabilityandweldability.Otheralloyingelementsinclude
upto2.0%manganeseandsmallquantitiesofcopper,nickel,niobium,nitrogen,vanadium,chromium,
molybdenum,titanium,calcium,rareearthelements,orzirconium.[1][2]Copper,titanium,vanadium,and
niobiumareaddedforstrengtheningpurposes.[2]Theseelementsareintendedtoalterthemicrostructureof
carbonsteels,whichisusuallyaferritepearliteaggregate,toproduceaveryfinedispersionofalloy
carbidesinanalmostpureferritematrix.Thiseliminatesthetoughnessreducingeffectofapearliticvolume
fractionyetmaintainsandincreasesthematerial'sstrengthbyrefiningthegrainsize,whichinthecaseof
ferriteincreasesyieldstrengthby50%foreveryhalvingofthemeangraindiameter.Precipitation
strengtheningplaysaminorrole,too.Theiryieldstrengthscanbeanywherebetween250590megapascals
(36,00086,000psi).BecauseoftheirhigherstrengthandtoughnessHSLAsteelsusuallyrequire25to30%
morepowertoform,ascomparedtocarbonsteels.[2]
Copper,silicon,nickel,chromium,andphosphorusareaddedtoincreasecorrosionresistance.Zirconium,
calcium,andrareearthelementsareaddedforsulfideinclusionshapecontrolwhichincreasesformability.
TheseareneededbecausemostHSLAsteelshavedirectionallysensitiveproperties.Formabilityandimpact
strengthcanvarysignificantlywhentestedlongitudinallyandtransverselytothegrain.Bendsthatare
paralleltothelongitudinalgrainaremorelikelytocrackaroundtheouteredgebecauseitexperiences
tensileloads.ThisdirectionalcharacteristicissubstantiallyreducedinHSLAsteelsthathavebeentreated
forsulfideshapecontrol.[2]
Theyareusedincars,trucks,cranes,bridges,rollercoastersandotherstructuresthataredesignedtohandle
largeamountsofstressorneedagoodstrengthtoweightratio.[2]HSLAsteelcrosssectionsandstructures
areusually20to30%lighterthanacarbonsteelwiththesamestrength.[3][4]
HSLAsteelsarealsomoreresistanttorustthanmostcarbonsteelsbecauseoftheirlackofpearlitethe
finelayersofferrite(almostpureiron)andcementiteinpearlite.HSLAsteelsusuallyhavedensitiesof
around7800kg/m.[5]
Contents
1
2
3
4
Classifications
SAEgrades
Notes
References
Classifications
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highstrength_lowalloy_steel
1/5
6/3/2016
HighstrengthlowalloysteelWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
Weatheringsteels:steelswhichhavebettercorrosionresistance.AcommonexampleisCORTEN.
Controlrolledsteels:hotrolledsteelswhichhaveahighlydeformedaustenitestructurethatwill
transformtoaveryfineequiaxedferritestructureuponcooling.
Pearlitereducedsteels:lowcarboncontentsteelswhichleadtolittleornopearlite,butratheravery
finegrainferritematrix.Itisstrengthenedbyprecipitationhardening.
Acicularferritesteels:Thesesteelsarecharacterizedbyaveryfinehighstrengthacicularferrite
structure,averylowcarboncontent,andgoodhardenability.
Dualphasesteels:Thesesteelshaveaferritemicrostruturethatcontainsmall,uniformlydistributed
sectionsofmartensite.Thismicrostructuregivesthesteelsalowyieldstrength,highrateofwork
hardening,andgoodformability.[1]
Microalloyedsteels:steelswhichcontainverysmalladditionsofniobium,vanadium,and/or
titaniumtoobtainarefinedgrainsizeand/orprecipitationhardening.
AcommontypeofmicroalloyedsteelisimprovedformabilityHSLA.Ithasayieldstrengthupto
80,000psi(550MPa)butonlycosts24%morethanA36steel(36,000psi(250MPa)).Oneofthe
disadvantagesofthissteelisthatitis30to40%lessductile.IntheU.S.,thesesteelsaredictatedbythe
ASTMstandardsA1008/A1008MandA1011/A1011MforsheetmetalandA656/A656Mforplates.These
steelsweredevelopedfortheautomotiveindustrytoreduceweightwithoutlosingstrength.Examplesof
usesincludedoorintrusionbeams,chassismembers,reinforcingandmountingbrackets,steeringand
suspensionparts,bumpers,andwheels.[2][6]
SAEgrades
TheSocietyofAutomotiveEngineers(SAE)maintainsstandardsforHSLAsteelgradesbecausetheyare
oftenusedinautomotiveapplications.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highstrength_lowalloy_steel
2/5
6/3/2016
Grade
HighstrengthlowalloysteelWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
%Carbon
(max)
SAEHSLAsteelgradecompositions[7]
%
%
%Sulfur %Silicon
Manganese
Phosphorus
(max)
(max)
(max)
(max)
Notes
Niobiumorvanadium
treated
942X 0.21
1.35
0.04
0.05
0.90
945A 0.15
1.00
0.04
0.05
0.90
945C
0.23
1.40
0.04
0.05
0.90
945X 0.22
1.35
0.04
0.05
0.90
950A 0.15
1.30
0.04
0.05
0.90
950B
0.22
1.30
0.04
0.05
0.90
950C
0.25
1.60
0.04
0.05
0.90
950D 0.15
1.00
0.15
0.05
0.90
950X 0.23
1.35
0.04
0.05
0.90
Niobiumorvanadium
treated
955X 0.25
1.35
0.04
0.05
0.90
Niobium,vanadium,or
nitrogentreated
960X 0.26
1.45
0.04
0.05
0.90
Niobium,vanadium,or
nitrogentreated
965X 0.26
1.45
0.04
0.05
0.90
Niobium,vanadium,or
nitrogentreated
Niobiumorvanadium
treated
970X 0.26
1.65
0.04
0.05
0.90
Niobium,vanadium,or
nitrogentreated
980X 0.26
1.65
0.04
0.05
0.90
Niobium,vanadium,or
nitrogentreated
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highstrength_lowalloy_steel
3/5
6/3/2016
Grade
942X
HighstrengthlowalloysteelWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
SAEHSLAsteelgrademechanicalproperties[8]
Yieldstrength(min)
Ultimatetensilestrength
Form
[psi(MPa)]
(min)[psi(MPa)]
Plates,shapes&barsupto4in. 42,000(290)
60,000(414)
Sheet&strip
45,000(310)
60,000(414)
00.5in. 45,000(310)
65,000(448)
0.51.5in. 42,000(290)
62,000(427)
1.53in. 40,000(276)
62,000(427)
Plates,shapes&bars:
945A,C
945X
Sheet,strip,plates,shapes&
barsupto1.5in.
45,000(310)
60,000(414)
Sheet&strip
50,000(345)
70,000(483)
00.5in. 50,000(345)
70,000(483)
0.51.5in. 45,000(310)
67,000(462)
1.53in. 42,000(290)
63,000(434)
Plates,shapes&bars:
950A,B,C,D
950X
Sheet,strip,plates,shapes&
barsupto1.5in.
50,000(345)
65,000(448)
955X
Sheet,strip,plates,shapes&
barsupto1.5in.
55,000(379)
70,000(483)
960X
Sheet,strip,plates,shapes&
barsupto1.5in.
60,000(414)
75,000(517)
965X
Sheet,strip,plates,shapes&
barsupto0.75in.
65,000(448)
80,000(552)
970X
Sheet,strip,plates,shapes&
barsupto0.75in.
70,000(483)
85,000(586)
980X
Sheet,strip&platesupto0.375
80,000(552)
in.
95,000(655)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highstrength_lowalloy_steel
4/5
6/3/2016
HighstrengthlowalloysteelWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
RankingofvariouspropertiesforSAEHSLAsteelgrades[9]
Rank
Weldability
Formability
Toughness
Worst 980X
980X
980X
970X
970X
970X
965X
965X
965X
960X
960X
960X
955X,950C,942X 955X
955X
945C
950C
945C,950C,942X
950B,950X
950D
945X,950X
945X
950B,950X,942X 950D
950D
945C,945X
950B
950A
950A
950A
945A
945A
945A
Best
Notes
1.ClassificationofCarbonandLowAlloySteels,retrieved20081006
2.HSLASteel,20021115,archivedfromtheoriginalon20100103,retrieved20081011.
3.Degarmo,p.116.
4.Samedensityascarbonsteel,seenextparagraph
5."Stainlesssteelpropertiesforstructuralautomotiveapplications"(PDF).EuroInox.June2000.Retrieved
20070814.
6.Coldrolledsheetsteel,archivedfromtheoriginalon20080430,retrieved20081011
7.Oberg,pp.440441.
8.Oberg,p.441.
9.Oberg,p.442.
References
Degarmo,E.PaulBlack,JT.Kohser,RonaldA.(2003),MaterialsandProcessesinManufacturing
(9thed.),Wiley,ISBN0471656534.
Oberg,E.etal.(1996),Machinery'sHandbook(25thed.),IndustrialPressInc
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Highstrength_low
alloy_steel&oldid=710737767"
Categories: Steels
Thispagewaslastmodifiedon18March2016,at19:32.
TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlikeLicenseadditionaltermsmay
apply.Byusingthissite,youagreetotheTermsofUseandPrivacyPolicy.Wikipediaisa
registeredtrademarkoftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anonprofitorganization.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highstrength_lowalloy_steel
5/5