Mathematisches Institut

t Mu
nchen
der Universita

Prof. L. Erdos
Functional Analysis
Dr. T. . Srensen
Exercise Sheet 1

Winterterm 2004/05
October 22, 2004

General information:
1) Every statement should be proved.
2) The work should be individual (copying will not be tolerated).
3) You may hand in in German if you wish.
4) Two randomly selected problems will be graded.
Return by Friday, October 29, 2004, 2 pm.
(In the designated box on the first floor, close to the library).
Exercise 1: Let V and W be linear subspaces of Rn . Recall that
V + W := {x + y Rn | x V, y W }.
a) Show that V W and V + W are linear subspaces of Rn , and that
V W V W V + W.
b) Show that
dim(V ) + dim(W ) = dim(V W ) + dim(V + W ).
(Hint: Pick a basis for V W . Then extend it seperately to a basis
for V and W respectively. Show that the union of these two bases is a
basis for V + W - then count).

Exercise 2: Let V be a linear subspace in Rn , and let P : Rn Rn be

the orthogonal projection on V , i.e., P 2 = P t = P, RP = V (here, P t is the
transpose of P , and RP is the range of P ).
Let u Rn be any vector. Prove that for all v V ,
ku vk ku P (u)k
and that
ku vk = ku P (u)k

v = P (u).

Interpret these two statements.

(Hint: Use Pythagoras: kxk2 = kx P (x)k2 + kP (x)k2 on something).
(More )
1

Mathematisches Institut
t Mu
nchen
der Universita

Prof. L. Erdos
Functional Analysis
Dr. T. . Srensen
Exercise Sheet 1

Winterterm 2004/05
October 22, 2004




Exercise 3: On C([0, 1]) := f : [0, 1] R  f is continuous define
kf k := sup |f (t)| ,

f C([0, 1]).

t[0,1]

a) Prove that k k as defined above is a norm on C([0, 1]). (It is called

the uniform norm or the supremums-norm).
b) Consider the mapping I : C([0, 1]) C([0, 1]) defined by
Z t


I(f ) (t) =
f ( ) d , t [0, 1].
0

Show that I is well-defined, linear, and bounded, that is, there exists a
constant C > 0 such that
kI(f )k Ckf k for all f C([0, 1]).



c) Let C 1 ([0, 1]) := f : [0, 1] R  f is differentiable and f 0 C([0, 1])
with the uniform norm k k as above. Note that C 1 ([0, 1]) is a linear
subspace of C([0, 1]).
Consider the mapping D : C 1 ([0, 1]) C([0, 1]), defined by


Df (t) = f 0 (t) , t [0, 1].
Show that D is well-defined, linear, but not bounded, that is, there
does not exist a constant C > 0 such that
kD(f )k Ckf k for all f C 1 ([0, 1]).


Exercise 4: Let V, k kV be a normed (complex) vectorspace, and W V
a closed subspace. Let V /W be the factor space (quotient space).

a) Prove that [x] V /W := inf yW kx ykV defines a norm on V /W .
b) Let P3 be the complex vector space of (complex) polynomials of degree
at most 3:



P3 = p : [0, 1] C  p(t) = a0 + a1 t + a2 t2 + a3 t3 , ai C .


Let D : P3 P3 be the linear map defined by D(p) (t) = p0 (t).
Describe P3 /ND , and give the isomorphism RD
= P3 /ND explicitely.
(Here, ND is the null space of D, and RD is its range).
Thomas stergaard Srensen