REPORT

FACTORY EQUIPMENT

Belt Conveyor
By :
Group 4
Azhar Karim

(1210912014)

Kanzul Fadhil

(1210913033)

Lecturer :
Dr. Eng. Samsul Huda

Mechanical Engineering
Engineering Faculty
Andalas University
Padang, 2016

I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
In an industry, sometimes there are heavy materials and dangerous for
humans. Therefore we need an equipment for transporting the material because
there is limited ability (power) of human labor whether it be the capacity of the
material to be transported or the safety of the human labor himself. The removal
or transporting is the process of moving materials or goods using certain methods
and equipment. One of the type of transportating equipment for transporting
material is conveyor.
Conveyor is used in various industries as transportation of various
materials in the industry environment. Materials transported are from raw
materials to the manufacturing product, including moving material between the
work station. Developments concerning conveyor technology already widely in
design with a variety of types and functions, one of that is a belt conveyor. Belt
conveyor has function to transport unit load and bulk load.
1.2 Problem Formulation
Because of the need of belt conveyor in industry and also the importance of
this equipment, we need to have the knowledge about this equipment. This
knowledge including basic information and princple of this equipment that is
usually used in industry.
1.3 Purpose
To know general principle of belt conveyor and information in industry about
this equipment.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Definition
Belt Conveyor is one of transportation equipment to transport material in the
form of powder, sand, coal, etc., using one or two motor that will drive pulley and
carrier belt (belt) by a transmission or gear box reductant rounds and belt carried
by pulley mounted between the head pulley and tail pulley.
Belt Conveyor can be used to move material either in the form of unit load
or bulk material and horizontally position or tilted position. What is meant by the
unit load are the objects that normally can be counted in number one by one, for
example, boxes, bags, beams etc. While the bulk material is material in the form
of grains, powder or powder, such as sand and cement. The track of belt conveyor
can be installed horizontal belt, inclination, inclination and horizontal
combination. Depending on friction coefficient and slope angle between the
material that is being transported. In practice the angle of inclination ranging
between 7o 10o smaller than the angle of friction belt material. This is due to a
decrease in belt (belt sag) between the idler roller, so the inclination is greater than
the inclination of the belt itself.
The working principle of this belt conveyor is to transport the material
that is placed on the belt, where the feed or inlet on the side of the tail using a
chute, and after arriving in the head material spilled as a result of belt-turn. Belt
driven by the drive / head pulley using a motor. Head pulley belt pull with the
principle of friction between the surface of the drive belt, so the capacity of it
depends on the frictional force.

Figure 2.1 Belt Conveyor Construction

2.2 Belt Conveyor Component

There are several main components of belt conveyor as follows :
1. Belt
Belt is a component that serves to bring the materials transported
(transferred). The type of rubber belt can be textile belt, metal belt, steel cord belt.
The most widely used type is the type of textile rubber belt.

Figure 2.2 Belt

Requirement of belt :
- Resistance impact and tensile loading
- Low spesific elongation
- Should be flexible, light, and cannot absorb the water

2. Bending the belt

Component that is used for bending the belt. Such as :

The last pulley or the middle pulley

Arrangement of the roller

Loading and the flexibillity of the belt.

3. Idler
Idler has function supporting the belt. Based on the position of idler there
are several type of it as follows :
a. Carrying Idler
Carrying Idler is used to support loading belt.

Figure 2.3 Carrying Idler

b. Impact Idler
Impact Idler that is located in the inlet of the material .Impact Idler is made
more strict and having more thickness to resistance or support from the impact
loading.

Figure 2.4 Impact Idler

c. Return Idler
Return Idler is used to support the empty belt.

Figure 2.5 Return Idler

d. Steering Idler
Steering Idler has function to avoid the belt for not being missed from its
roller and and move in the existing track.

Figure 2.6 Steering Idler

4. Centering Device
It has function to avoid the belt for not being missed from its roller.
5. Driven Motor
Electrical motor is widely used to drive the pulley. The power of this motor
is depending of the need.

Figure 2.7 Motor and Gear Box

6. Drive Pulley
In belt conveyor the power is moved to the belt by the existense of friction
between pulley and belt, because the belt is attached around the pulley that is
driven by the motor.

Figure 2.8 Drive Pulley

7. Take-Up Pulley
This component has function to set up the tension of belt and to avoid the
slip that will be happened between belt and driven puley, because of the belt
elongation.

Gambar 2.9 Take Up and Counter Weight

8. Snub Pulley
This component has function to keep the balancing of belt tension in driven
pulley.

Figure 2.10 Snub Pulley

9. Hopper
This is a funnel that is located at the front and at the back of belt conveyor
for loading and pouring materials.

Figure 2.11 Hopper

10. Frame
This is a frame where the components of the belt conveyor is arranged in it.
Frame also has function to have the slope and the height of belt conveyor.

Figure 2.10 Frame

11. Feeder
This is the component that is used to load material in a constant speed.
12. Trippers :
This is the component that is used to poar the load in a certain place.
2.3

Benefit and Weakness of Belt Conveyor

The benefit of belt conveyor as follows :

1. Reducing the cost and transporting time.
2. Increase efficiency of transporting material.
3. Saving space.

The weakness of belt conveyor as follows :

1. The belt can be damaged by sharpen materials.
2. If there is a damage in one component we cannot to transport the
materials.
2.4

Belt Capacity in Belt Conveyor

We can calculate in by using this equation as follows :

Where :

T = Weight of material (ton/hour)

A = Slice of the area (sq ft)
S = Speed of Belt (ft/mnt)
W = Material Density (lbf/cft)

2.5

Maintenance of Belt Conveyor

Once you've installed the perfectly-designed, top-quality conveyor line,

you may think it's time to relax. But smooth operators know that regular
monitoring reduces downtime, lost production and maintenance expense.
Consider the use of a preventive maintenance log or checklist for items
that should be inspected on a regular/continuing basisperhaps weekly, monthly,
or semi-annually. Your parts manager could make suggestions to coincide with the
following steps:
1. Photo-eyesweekly: Check the lens to be sure sensitivity is adjusted
properly (not seeing a roller, lighting, etc.).
2. Pneumatic solenoidsweekly: Listen for air leaks and correct (replace
cracked poly-flo, loose air fittings, etc.).
3. Conveyor belt for roller conveyormonthly: Be sure belting is tracked
properly and that tensioning is properly adjusted. Note: When tightening
the belt, remember to tighten it only enough to drive the product. Check
the drive pulley for wear. If the lagging is worn through, it must be
replaced. Keep belt and lacing on hand to repair worn or torn areas.
4. Clear debris from under/inside conveyorsmonthly: Clear debris from
under conveyor and around drive/take-up pulleys.
5. Mesh conveyorssemi-annually: Open belt and clear debris that has
collected around the shaft and drive sprockets. If belt stretch has occurred
(less drive), remove a few links to tighten the belt. Check belt modules and
pins for wear, and replace both if excessively worn.
6. Lubricatesemi-annually: Grease drive chains, bearings, drive and takeup pulleys (pillow block bearings).

7. Rollersas required: Replace any noisy, squeaking bearings. Check hexrods and slots for wear. Worn slotted bars can be replaced. Hex rods
generally are captive in the roller; those rollers should be replaced.
8. Otheras required: Air filter/regulator, adjust brakes, pressure trays.
Following these steps to properly maintain your conveyor system will lead to
product longevity and a passing grade on your inspections.

III. METHODOLOGY
Flowchart

START

LITERATURE
REVIEW

DISCUSSION

DO THE
REPORT

FINISH
Figure 3.1 Flowchart

IV. Closing
4.1 Conclusion
1. Conveyor is a transporting equipment.
2. Principle work of conveyor because of the movement of pulley that is
driven by motor.
3. There are several annual check for preventive maintenenace in belt
conveyor.

REFERENCES
Association) Belt Conveyors for Bulk Materials, Chaners Publishing Company,
Inc. 6Th edition. (pp 218-230).
Siregar, Fauzi. -. Alat Transportasi Benda Padat . Program Studi Teknik Kimia
FakultasTeknik Universitas Sumatera Utara