For 6.76 kPa, Tsat = 38.

26 C
From Fig. 8.4-2 Duhring lines for aqueous solutions of NaOH
BPR3 = T3 Tsat
= (79 38.26) C
= 40.74 C

Making an overall and solids balance,

F
= L3 + (V1 + V2 + V3)
FxF = L3x3 + (V1 + V2 + V3)yv
13 608 (0.1) = L3(0.5) + 0
kg
L3
= 2 721.6 h
Total vaporized:
(V1 + V2 + V3) = F - L3
= 13 608 2721.6
kg
(V1 + V2 + V3) = 10 886.4 h
10 886.4
3

= 3 628.8

kg
h

= V1 = V2 = V3

Making a total material balance on effects 1, 2, & 3

(E1)

F = L1 + V2
13 608 = L1 + 3 628.8
kg
L1 = 9 979.2 h

(E2) L1 = L2 + V2
9 979.2 = L2 + 3 628.8
kg
L2 = 6 350.4 h

(E3) L2 = L3 + V3
6 350.4 = L3 + 3628.8

L3 = 2721.6

kg
h

Making solid balance

(E1) FxF = L1x1
13 608(0.1) = 9 979.2(x1)
x1 = 0.136
(E2) L1x1 = L2x2
9 979.2(0.136) = 6 350.4(x2)
x2 = 0.214
(E3) L2x2 = L3x3
6 350.4(0.214) = 2721.6(x3)
x3 = 0.500

Calculating for the BPR in each effect using Fig. 8.4-2,

(E3) x3 = 0.5
BPR3 = T3 Tsat

Tsat = 38.26 C
= (79 38.26) C :

(E2) x2 = 0.214 T3 = 79
BPR2 = T2 T3

BPR3 = 40.74 C

= (88.5 79) C :

BPR2 = 9.5 C

(E1) x3 = 0.500 T2 = 88.5 C

BPR1 = T1 T2

Tavailable

= (93.75 88.5) C

BPR1 = 5.25 C

= TS1 T3(sat) (BPR1 + BPR2 + BPR3 )

= 113.23 C 38.26 C (5.25 + 9.5 + 40.74) C

Tavailable

= 19.48 C

Solving for T1, T2, and T3 by eqn (8.5-6)

T1

= T

=
T2

T1

19.48

1
U2
1
1
1
+
+
U1 U2 U3

19.48

1
3407
1
1
1
+
+
6246 3407 2271

19.48

1
2271
1
1
1
+
+
6246 3407 2271

6.40 C

= T

1
6246
1
1
1
+
+
6246 3407 2271

3. 49 C

= T

1
U1
1
1
1
+
+
U1 U2 U3

1
U3
1
1
1
+
+
U1 U2 U3

9.60 C

Increasing T1 and decreasing T2 and T3 proportionately as a first

estimate
T1 = 5.88 C
C

T2 = 6.02 C

T3 = 7.59

Calculating the actual boiling point of the solution and the condensing
temperature in each effect,
(E1) T1
= TS1 - T1
107.35 C

= (113.23 5.88) C

T1 =

TS1 =
113.23 C

(E1) T2
96.08 C

= T1 - BPR1 T2 = (107.35 5.25 6.02) C

T2 =

TS2
102.1 C

= T1 - BPR1

TS2 =

= (107.35 5.25) C

(E1) T3
78.99 C

= T2 BPR2 T3 = (96.08 9.5 7.59) C

T3 =

TS3
86.58 C

= T2 BPR2

TS2 =

= (96.08 9.5) C

The temperatures in the three effects are as follows:

(E1)

(E2)

(E3)

Condenser

TS1 = 113.23 C
TS4 = 38.26 C

TS2 = 102.1 C

TS2 = 86.58 C

T1 = 107.35 C

T2 = 96.08 C

T3 = 78.99 C

Calculating the enthalpy values

From Fig. 8.4-3 Enthalpy-concentration chart for the system NaoHwater
F:

@TF = 37.8 C,

xF = 0.10

hF = 160.10

L1 :

@T1 = 107.35 C, x1 = 0.136

hF = 438.50

kJ
kg

L2 :

@T2 = 96.08 C, x2 = 0.214

hF = 367.00

kJ
kg

L3 :

@T3 = 78.99 C, x3 = 0.500

hF = 295.75

kJ
kg

kJ
kg

From A.2-9 Steam Tables

(E1) H1 = HS2 + 1.884(BPR1)
kJ
H1 = 2 689.22 kg

= 2 679.33 + 1.884(5.25)

S1 = HS1 hS1
kJ
S1 = 2 221.37 kg

= 2696.35 474.98

(E2) H2 = HS3 + 1.884(BPR2)

kJ
H2 = 2 672.39 kg

= 2 654.49 + 1.884(9.5)

S2 = H1 hS2
kJ
S2 = 2 261.31 kg

= 2 689.22 427.91

(E3) H3 = HS4 + 1.884(BPR3)

kJ
H3 = 2 647.92 kg

= 2 571.17 + 1.884(40.74)

S3 = H2 hS3
kJ
S3 = 2 309.85 kg

= 2 672.39 362.54

Flow relations to be used in heat balances are as follows

V1 = 13 608 L1 V2 = L1 L2 V3 = L2 2 721.6 L3 = 2 721.6

Writing heat balance equations on each effect

(E1) FhF + SS1 = L1hL1 + V1H1
13 608(160.10) + S(2221.37) = L1(438.50) + (13 608 L1)
(2689.22)
2221.37S + 2250.72L1 = 34416264.96
(E2) L1hL1 + V1S2 = L2hL2 + V2H2

eqn 1

L1(438.50) + (13608 L1)(2261.31) = L2(367) + (L1 L2)(2672.39)

-4495.21L1 + 2305.39L2 = -30771906.48 eqn 2

(E3) L2hL2 + V2S3 = L3hL3 + V3H3

L2(367) + (L1 L2)(2309.85) = 2721.6(295.75) + (L2 2721.6)
(2647.92)
2309.85L1 4590.77L2 = -6401665.872

eqnn 3

Solving the three equations simultaneously,

S = 5 168.45

kJ
kg

L1 = 10 190.18

kJ
kg

L2 =

kJ
kg

6 521.66
Then,

V1 = 3 417.82
800.06

kJ
kg

V2 = 3 668.52

kJ
kg

V3 = 3

kJ
kg

Solving for the values of q in effect and area,

q1 = SS1

1000
= 5 168.4(2221.37)( 3600 ) =

3.189 x 106 W

q2 = V1S2

1000
= 3 417.82(2261.31)( 3600 )=

2.147 x 106 W

q3 = V2S3

1000
= 3 668.52(2309.85)( 3600 )=

2.354 x 106 W

A1 =

q1
U 1 T 1

A2 =

q2
U 2 T 2

A3 =

q3
U 3 T 3

3.189 x 10
6 247 (5.88)

= 86.83 m2

2.147 x 106
3 407(6.02)

= 104.68 m2

2.354 x 10
2 271(7.59)

= 136.57 m2

Am =

109.36 m2
Trial 2

Making a new solid balance on effects 1, 2, and 3 using

L1 = 10 190.18
721.6

kJ
kg

L2 = 6 521.66

kJ
kg

L3 = 2

kJ
kg

(E1) FxF = L1x1

13 608(0.1) = 10 190.18(x1)
x1 = 0.134
(E2) L1x1 = L2x2
10 190.18(0.134) = 6 521.66(x2)
x2 = 0.209
(E3) L2x2 = L3x3
6 521.66(0.209) = 2721.6(x3)
x3 = 0.500

Computing for the new BPRs from Fig. 8.4-2

(E3) BPR3 = T3 Tsat

= (79 38.26) C :

BPR3 = 40.74 C

(E2) BPR2 = T2 T3

= (87.8 79) C :

BPR2 = 8.8 C

(E1) BPR1 = T1 T2

= (92.9 87.8) C

Tavailable

BPR1 = 5.1 C

= TS1 T3(sat) (BPR1 + BPR2 + BPR3 )

= 113.23 C 38.26 C (5.1 + 8.8 + 40.74) C

Tavailable

= 20.33 C

New values for T

T1 =

T 1 A 1
Am

5.88 (86.83)
109.36

4.66 C

T2 =

T 2 A 2
Am

6.02(104.68)
109.36

5.76 C

T3 =

T 3 A 3
Am

7.59(136.57)
109.36

9.48 C

Adjusted temperature,
T1 = 4.98 C

T2 = 5.85 C

T3 = 9.50

Calculating the actual boiling point of the solution and the condensing
temperature in each effect,
(E1) T1
= TS1 - T1
108.25 C

= (113.23 4.98) C

:
TS1 =

113.23 C

T1 =

(E1) T2
97.3 C

= T1 - BPR1 T2 = (108.25 5.1 5.85) C

TS2
= T1 - BPR1
103.15 C

(E1) T3
C
TS3

= (108.25 5.1) C

T2 =

TS2 =

= T2 BPR2 T3 = (97.3 8.8 9.50) C :

T3 = 79.0

= T2 BPR2

TS2 = 88.5

= (97.3 8.8) C

Calculating the enthalpy values

From Fig. 8.4-3 Enthalpy-concentration chart for the system NaoHwater
F:

@TF = 37.8 C,

xF = 0.10

hF = 160.10

L1 :

@T1 = 108.25 C, x1 = 0.134

L2 :

@T2 = 97.3 C,

x2 = 0.209

hF = 375

kJ
kg

L3 :

@T3 = 79v C,

x3 = 0.500

hF = 300

kJ
kg

hF = 420.10

kJ
kg

kJ
kg

From A.2-9 Steam Tables

(E1) H1 = HS2 + 1.884(BPR1)
kJ
H1 = 2 690.56 kg

= 2 680.95 + 1.884(5.1)

S1 = HS1 hS1
kJ
S1 = 2 221.37 kg

= 2696.35 474.98

(E2) H2 = HS3 + 1.884(BPR2)

kJ
H2 = 2 674.22 kg

= 2 657.64 + 1.884(8.8)

S2 = H1 hS2
kJ
S2 = 2 258.22 kg

= 2 690.56 432.34

(E3) H3 = HS4 + 1.884(BPR3)

kJ
H3 = 2 647.92 kg

= 2 571.17 + 1.884(40.74)

S3 = H2 hS3
kJ
S3 = 2 303.61 kg

= 2 674.22 370.61

Writing heat balance equations on each effect

(E1) FhF + SS1 = L1hL1 + V1H1

13 608(160.10) + S(2221.37) = L1(420.10) + (13 608 L1)
(2690.56)
2221.37S + 2270.46L1 = 34434499.68

eqn 1

(E2) L1hL1 + V1S2 = L2hL2 + V2H2

L1(420.10) + (13608 L1)(2258.22) = L2(375) + (L1 L2)(2674.22)
-4512.34L1 + 2299.22L2 = -30729857.76 eqn 2

(E3) L2hL2 + V2S3 = L3hL3 + V3H3

L2(375) + (L1 L2)(2303.61) = 2721.6(300) + (L2 2721.6)
(2647.92)

2303.61L1 4576.53L2 = -6390099.07

eqnn 3

Solving the three equations simultaneously,

S = 5 161.67

kJ
kg

L1 = 10 116.24

kJ
kg

L2 =

kJ
kg

6 488.32
Then,

V1 = 3 491.76
766.72

kJ
kg

V2 = 3 627.92

kJ
kg

V3 = 3

kJ
kg

Solving for the values of q in effect and area,

q1 = SS1

1000
= 5 161.67(2221.37)( 3600 )=

3.185 x 106 W

q2 = V1S2

1000
= 3 491.76(2258.22)( 3600 )=

2.190 x 106 W

q3 = V2S3

1000
= 3 627.92(2303.61)( 3600 )=

2.321 x 106 W

A1 =

q1
U 1 T 1

A2 =

q2
U 2 T 2

3.185 x 10
6 247 (4.98)

= 102.39 m2

2.190 x 106
3 407(5.85)

= 109.88 m2

A3 =

q3
U 3 T 3

2.321 x 10
2 271(9.50)

= 107.58 m2

Am =

106.62 m2

The new computed values of A, though not equal are quite near to each
other. Therefore, an Am of 106.62 m2 can be concluded at S of 5 161.67
for the process.

kJ
kg