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Introduction:
Wars may often times be considered irrational since they reduce a
populations overall income by consuming resources and often destroying
property. It may never become universally understood that war must be
avoided by conflicting parties pre-emptively holding constructive discussions
with open minds. Sadly, the majority of the leaders attending summits for
world peace are not willing to place themselves in the position of another
and reach a unanimous decision. Hence, the trust that people seem to attach
to summit leagues as a means of preventing wars is a delusion misused by
numerous political leaders (Klare). Through Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
(SALT), mutual discouragement has been reflected as the primary method of
controlling wars. World peace is a far-fetched dream, which can only be
achieved if all political leaders universally agree to boycott wars and
promote discussions with the aim of resolving issues and seeking mutual
benefits (Hastings).
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that the expected advantages from a combat in the form of capitals, control,
exaltation and land surpass the predictable expenses of battle, as well as
predictable harms to material goods and human life. Therefore, for war to
happen, at least one of the groups has to anticipate that the advantages
from the battle will overshadow the expenses sustained (Beer). Secondly, as
lucidly claimed by Fearon (2008), negotiation between the conflicting sides
must be an unsuccessful process such that for some purpose there is an
incapability to attain a communally beneficial and implementable
settlement. Hence, the main step to understand why countries indulge in
conflicts is to see why negotiation flops and what reasons or conditions
cause nations to fight such that the predictable welfares from conflict prevail
over the expenses for at least one group (Flint).
The following are some of the reasons that provoke countries to
participate in wars:
Religion:
Sometimes the reason behind wars is not material wealth. In fact, groups
with different religious beliefs indulge in wars to increase the size of
population following one religion or to eliminate the other (Fry). In order to
understand this, let us consider one important example from the history that
is often reflected to be a somewhat religious conflict: the crusades.
Though the crusades were complex due to the reason that the attacker
was an alliance of domestic and non-domestic militaries, they followed the
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Revenge:
Socio-political Massacre
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other philosophies. For example, the fiasco of the Munich Contract was
because of reliable pledge glitches, and would have been unsuccessful even
if background and irrationality were not involved (Akehurst 472-478).
Natural Resources
One of the obvious causes of war is the desire of one country or group to
acquire desirable resources. However, countries with rich agricultural assets
probably indulge in the trade with neighbouring countries and are less likely
to initiate war since their dependence on foreign trade good is minimal
(Brierley). Presently, Arab leaders now have it in their power to cut off the
Wests petroleum supplies. What would the U.S. do if this were to occur?
Senator William Fulbright, Chairman of the Senate Foreign Affairs Committee,
actually indicated in the Senate during the oil crisis in 1973 that American
decision-makers may conclude to use armed forces to guard American oil
securities (Wetta and Beer 431). The history is full of such examples where
issues like resources and wealth have initiated wars among countries which
were once neutral.
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Conclusion
It can be concluded that many factors increase the possibility of war.
These conditions are established principally by the increased dependence of
societies on each other, the increased financing of militaries and weaponry,
and general tension built between countries over time (Fletcher 215-215).
History has proved time, and again that war is not the best solution. Instead
of reaping in benefits, it has caused greater stress and mishap to the world.
In the quest to capture resources and strengthen ones position on the world
map, powerful countries have destructed weaker nations, thereby, wiping
them off the globe. Several groups have now started working on peaceful
and non-violent alternatives to war to bring world peace. The primary focus
is on sensitizing the soldiers to understand the emotions and needs of the
opponents and instilling humanity in them so that they find it difficult to kill
fellow humans. These groups serve the crucial purpose of considerably
preventing conflicting parties from provoking each other by engaging
themselves in between. Furthermore, they also endeavor to initiate
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Works Cited
Klare, Michael T. The Race For What's Left. New York: Metropolitan Books,
2012. Print.
Hastings, Tom H. Ecology Of War & Peace. Lanham, Md.: University Press of
America, 2000. Print.
Beer, Francis A. Peace Against War. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman, 1981. Print.
Fearon, James D. Rationalist Explanations For War. Farnham [etc.]: Ashgate,
2008. Print.
Flint, Colin. The Geography Of War And Peace. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2005. Print.
Fry, Douglas P. War, Peace, And Human Nature. New York: Oxford University
Press, 2013. Print.
Falk, Richard A, Robert C Johansen, and Samuel S Kim. The Constitutional
Foundations Of World Peace. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press,
1993. Print.
Brierley, John. A Natural History Of Man. Rutherford [N.J.]: Fairleigh Dickinson
University Press, 1970. Print.
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Wetta, Frank J. and Francis A. Beer. "Peace Against War: The Ecology Of
International Violence". The History Teacher 15.3 (1982): 431. Web.
Ukaga, Okechukwu, Ukoha O Ukiwo, and Ibaba Samuel Ibaba. Natural
Resources, Conflict, And Sustainable Development. Hoboken: Taylor & amp,
2012. Print.
Simowitz, Roslyn. "Peace Against War: The Ecology Of International Violence.
Francis A. Beer The Coming End Of War. Werner Levi Understanding Conflict
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(1983): 1039-1042. Web.
Boulding, Elise. "Peace Against War: The Ecology Of International Violence.
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Bannon, Ian and Paul Collier. Natural Resources And Violent Conflict.
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Preda, Michael A. and Francis A. Beer. "Peace Against War: The Ecology Of
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Thomas, Carol G and Craig Conant. The Trojan War. Westport, Conn.:
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Mller, Frank. "Imaging And Remembering Peace And War". Peace Review
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