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4.4.2.1.2
Method 1
(C4-1)
4k sv
m=1
2 m
2 n
sin ------------ sin ----------
2
2
- < 0.03
------------------------------------------------------------2
m2 n2
4
n = 1 D ------ + ------
+ k sv
f
L 2 B 2
5
(C4-2)
where:
3
Ef t
D f = -----------------------------2
12 ( 1 f )
(C4-3)
Figure 4-3
FEMA 356
4-19
Degree of Freedom
Note
L 0.65
GB
K x, sur = ----------- 3.4 ---
+ 1.2
B
2v
L
L 0.65
GB
K y, sur = ----------- 3.4 ---
+ 0.4 --- + 0.8
B
B
2v
GB
L 0.75
K z, sur = ----------- 1.55 ---
+ 0.8
1v
B
Degree of Freedom
Translation along x-axis
Figure 4-4
4-20
GB
L
K xx, sur = ----------- 0.4 --- + 0.1
B
1v
3
L 2.4
GB
K yy, sur = ----------- 0.47 --- + 0.034
B
1v
3
L 2.45
K zz, sur = GB 0.53 ---
+ 0.51
B
Note
hd ( B + L ) 0.4
x = 1 + 0.21 D
---- 1 + 1.6 ------------------------
2
B
BL
y = x
B
1D
d(B + L) 2 3
z = 1 + ------ ---- 2 + 2.6 --- 1 + 0.32 ---------------------
L
21 B
BL
d
2d d 0.2 B
--xx = 1 + 2.5 --- 1 + ------ ----
B
B D
L
d
yy = 1 + 1.4 ---
L
0.6
d
1.5 + 3.7 ---
L
B d
zz = 1 + 2.6 1 + --- ---
L B
1.9
d
-- D
0.6
0.9
FEMA 356
C4.4.2.1.2
Method 1
FEMA 356
4-21
Shape Effect
1.5
x
y
z
xx
yy
zz
1.4
Normalized Stiffness
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
1
10
L/B
Embedment Effect
(L/B = 2; d = D/2)
3.5
x, y
z
xx
yy
zz
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
D/B
Figure C4-2
4-22
FEMA 356
Method 2
Method 2
L
(length)
y
B/6
B
(width) x
y
Stiffness per unit length:
Plan
kend
End zone
kmid
Middle zone
kend =
6.83 G
for B/6 end zones
1-
k mid =
0.73 G
for middle zone
1-
kend
End zone
Section
l1
l2
l3
l4
l5
Component stiffnesses:
K i = li k
K2
K3
K4
K1
K5
Soil components
Figure 4-5
FEMA 356
4-23
Method 3
(4-6)
where:
G = Shear modulus
B = Width of footing
= Poissons ratio
4.4.2.1.5
Capacity Parameters
Q c = q c BL
where:
qc = Expected bearing capacity determined in
Section 4.4.1
B = Width of footing
L = Length of footing
The moment capacity of a rectangular footing shall be
calculated by Equation (4-8):
LP
q
M c = ------- 1 -----
2
q c
where:
P
q
(4-8)
Capacity Parameters
BL
4-24
FEMA 356
Pile Foundations
where:
A
E
L
N
=
=
=
=
k sr =
k vn S n
(4-10)
n=1
where:
The requirements of this section shall apply to piles less
than or equal to 24 inches in diameter. The stiffness
characteristics of single large-diameter piles or drilled
shafts larger than 24 inches in diameter shall comply
with the requirements of Section 4.4.2.3.
4.4.2.2.1
Stiffness Parameters
k sv =
n=1
FEMA 356
A
E-------L
(4-9)
C4.4.2.2.1
Stiffness Parameters
Capacity Parameters
4-25
Capacity Parameters
0.9
0.8
0.7
P/Pult
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
= Lateral displacement
0.1
H = Thickness of Footing
Based on NAVFAC, 1986b.
0.0
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
/H
Figure 4-6
4-26
FEMA 356
P
M
Mc
q
qc
qc
q
< 0.5
qc
P
M
q
q
qc
Figure C4-3
4.4.2.3
qc
4.4.3.1
4.4.3
FEMA 356
qc
> 0.5
Drilled Shafts
C4.4.2.3
Mc
Simplified Rehabilitation
Linear Procedures
4-27