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PANCHAYATIRAJ
KALYANSIR.COM

Article40: The state shall take steps to organize villagepanchayats and endow them
withsuchpowersandauthorityasmaybenecessarytoenablethemtofunctionasunitsof
selfgovernment.
ThePanchayatiRajistheRuralLocalSelfGovernment.
Local Government is mentioned in the State list of 7th schedule of the Indian
Constitution.
ThePanchayatiRajwasnotapartoftheoriginalConstitution.
ThePanchayatiRajwasmadeaconstitutionalbodythroughthe73rdamendmentActof
1992.

BEFOREPANCHAYATIRAJ:

The government has launched Community Development Programme (CDP) in the


year1952.
ThegovernmenthaslaunchedNationalExtensionService(NES)intheyear1953.

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BACKGROUND:

Intheyear1957theGovernmentofIndiaappointedBalwantRaiMehtaCommittee(BR
MehtaCommittee).
TheBRMehtaCommitteewasappointedtolookintothefunctioningofCDPandNES
TheBRMehtaCommitteesubmittedthereportinNovember1957.
The Committee recommended the establishment of the scheme of Democratic
DecentralizationwhichisalsoknownasPanchayatiRaj.
The recommendations were accepted by the National Development Council in January
1958.
RajasthanwasthefirststatetoestablishthePanchayatiRajinIndiaonOctober2,1959.

BRMEHTACOMMITTEERECOMMENDATION:
BRMehtaCommitteerecommendedfortheestablishmentof3tierstructurePanchayati
Rajsystem.
Gram(village)PanchayatVillageLevel
PanchayatiSamitiBlockLevel
ZillaParishadDistrictLevel
TheVillagePanchayatshouldbeconstitutedwithdirectlyelectedrepresentatives.
ThePanchayatSamitishouldbeconstitutedwithindirectlyelectedmembers.
TheZillaParidhadalsotobeconstitutedwithindirectlyelectedmembers.
All the planning and development activities should be entrusted to the panchayati raj
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bodies.
ThePanchayatiSamitishouldbetheexecutivebody.
TheZillaparishadshouldbetheadvisory,coordinatingandsupervisorybody.
TheDistrictCollectorshouldbetheChairmanoftheZillaParishad.
There should be a genuine transfer of powers and responsibility to these democratic
bodies.
Thesebodiesshouldbetransferredwithadequateresources.
Asystemshouldbeevolvedforthefurtherdevolutionofauthorityinfuture.
The National Development Council (NDC) accepted the recommendations in January,
1958.
TheNDCsaidthatthebasicprinciplesshouldbeidenticalthroughoutthecountry.

WHICH IS THE FIRST STATE TO ESTABLISH


PANCHAYATIRAJ?

The scheme of Panchayat Raj was first established in


Rajasthan and inaugurated on October 2, 1959 by then
PrimeMinisterJawaharlalNehru.

RajasthanwasfollowedAndhraPradeshandotherstates.
There were many differences among the states in the structure and function of the
panchayatiRaj.
ThestateslikeRajasthanandAndhraPradeshadopted3tiersystems.
WestBengaladopted4tiersystem.
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TamilNaduadoptedthe2tiersystem.
ASHOKMEHTACOMMITTEE:
In December 1977 (Janata Party Government) the Prime Minister Morarji Desai
appointedacommitteeonPanchayatiRajinstitutions.
AshokMehtawasthechairmanofthecommittee.
TheAshokMehtaCommitteesubmittedthereportinAugust1978.
To strengthen the Panchayati Raj system the Ashok Mehta Committee made 132
recommendations.
TheCommitteerecommendedfortheadoptionof2tierstructure.
ZillaParishadDistrictLevel
MandalPanchayatMandalLevel
MandalPanchayatisagroupofvillageswithapopulationof15,000to20,000.
TheZillaParishadatthedistrictlevelshouldbetheexecutivebody.
TheZillaParishadmustbemaderesponsibleforplanningatthedistrictlevel.
There should be an official level participation of political parties at all levels of
Panchayatelections.
The Panchayati Raj must have compulsory powers of taxation to mobilize their own
financialresources.
Thereshouldbearegularsocialauditbyadistrictlevelagencyandbyacommitteeof
legislatures to check whether the funds allotted for the vulnerable social and economic
groupsareactuallyspentonthemornot.
TheStategovernmentsshouldnotsupersedethePanchayatiRajInstitutions.
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Incaseofsupersessionelectionsshouldbeheldwithin6months.
TheNyayaPanchayatsshouldbepresidedoverbyaqualifiedjudge.
TheNyayaPanchayatshouldbekeptasaseparatebody.
The chief electoral officer in consultation with the chief election commissioner should
conductelectionsofthePanchayatRaj.
AMinisterforpanchayatRajshouldbeappointed.
SeatsforScheduledcasteandscheduledtribesshouldbereservedonthebasisoftheir
population.

NOTE: No action was taken on the recommendations of the


AshokMehta Committee report as the Janata Party government
steppeddownbeforethetermduepoliticalturmoil.

GVKRAOCOMMITTEE:
In the year 1985 the Planning Commission appointed a committee on Administrative
ArrangementforRuralDevelopmentandPovertyAlleviationProgramme.
AccordingtotheGVKRaocommitteethephenomenonofbureaucratizationweakened
thePanchayatiRajinstitutions.
ThecommitteerecommendedfortherevitalizationoftheentirePanchayatiRajsystem.

LMSINGHVICOMMITTEE:

In the year 1986 then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi appointed a committee on
RevitalizationofPanchayatiRajInstitutionsforDemocracyandDevelopment.

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TheLMSinghvicommitteerecommendedthatthePanchayatiRajinstitutionsshouldbe
constitutionallyrecognized,protectedandpreserved.
ThecommitteerecommendedthatanewchaptershouldbeaddedtotheConstitutionfor
thesamepurpose.
The L M Singhvi Committee also suggested for the constitutional provisions to ensure
regular,freeandfairelectionstothePanchayatiRajbodies.

*****

Aftertherecommendationsoftheabovecommittees,thenPrimeMinisterRajivGandhi
madeanattempttoprovidetheconstitutionalstatustothePRIs(PanchayatiRajbodies).
InJuly1989,theRajivGandhiGovernmentintroduced64thConstitutionalamendment
bill.
The64thamendmentbillwasintroducedintheLoksabha:
NOTE:AconstitutionalamendmentbillcanbeintroducedeitherintheLokSabhaorin
theRajyaSabha.
This amendment is meant for providing the constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj
institutions.
TheLoksabhapassedthebillinAugust1989.
NOTE:Anamendmentbillmustbepasseswiththespecialmajority.
The bill was opposed in the Rajya Sabha on the grounds that it sought to strengthen
centralizationinthefederalsystem.
ThebillwasnotpassedintheRajyaSabha.
The64thamendmentbillwaslapsed.

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NOTE: A constitutional amendment bill must be passed in both the houses of the
Parliamentseparatelywithaspecialmajority.
ALSO NOTE: There is no provision of Joint sitting in case of disagreement on a
Constitutionalamendmentbill.

*****

Intheyear1989NationalFrontgovernmentwasformedattheCentrallevel.
V.P.SinghwasappointedasthePrimeMinisterofIndia.
InthemonthofNovember1989,thethenPrimeMinisterVPSinghannouncedthatthe
stepstostrengthenthePanchayatiRajwouldbetaken.
InSeptember1990aconstitutionalamendmentbillwasintroducedintheLokSabha.
ButthegovernmentcollapsedandtherewasaninevitablemidtermelectionfortheLok
Sabhaintheyear1991.
NOTE:IftheLokSabhaisdissolvedallthebillsthatarependingintheLokSabhaare
lapsed.
Thisledtolapseofthebill.
*****

Aftertheelectionsof1991PVNarasimhaRaobecamethePrimeMinisterofIndia.
NOTE:DuringtheelectioncampaignonMay21,1991RajivGandhiwasassassinated.
The Congress government (P V Narasimha Rao) considered the matter of
constitutionalityforthepanchayatiRajinstitutions.
Thecontroversialaspectswereremovedfromthebill.
Thebillwasintroducedintheformof73rdconstitutionalamendmentbill.
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The73rdconstitutionalamendmentbillwasintroducedintheLokSabhain1991.
ThebillwaspassedbytheLokSabhaonDecember22,1992.
ThebillwaspassedbytheRajyaSabhaonDecember23,1992.
Thebillwasapprovedbythe17stateassemblies.
NOTE: A constitutional amendment bill related to the federal powers must get the
consentofatleasthalfthestatewithsimplemajority.
ThePresidentgavehisassent(President(ShankarDayalSharma)onApril20,1993.
Thisbecamethe73rdConstitutionamendmentAct,1992.
SALIENTFEATURESOFTHE73RDAMENDMENTACT1992

ThisactaddedPartIXtotheConstitution.
Thisactalsoaddednewarticlefrom243Ato243O(EnglishalphabetO).
Note:Thismeans243A,243B,243C243O.
The73rdamendmentactalsoadded11thscheduletotheConstitutionofIndia.

NOTE: THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION


CONTAINSONLY8SCHEDULES.

9th schedule was added through the 1st amendment in


theyear1951.
9thscheduleisrelatedtothelandreforms.

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10thscheduleisaddedintheyear1985throughthe52nd
amendment.
10thscheduleisrelatedtotheAntiDefectionlaw.

The11thschedulecontains29subjects.
PLEASE REMEMBER: 7th schedule is different from 11th schedule. 7th schedule
consistsof3listsUnion,Stateandconcurrentlists.
The state governments are under the constitutional obligation to adopt the new
PanchayatiRajsystem.
Thecompulsoryprovisionsoftheacthavetobeincludedinthestatelawscreatingthe
newPanchayatiRajsystem.
Thevoluntaryprovisionsmaybeincludedatthediscretionofthestates.

GRAMSABHA:
Today'sQuestion ClickHere

AlltheadultmembersareinthevillageistheGramSabha.
ThismeansthatallthepersonsregisteredintheelectoralrollsofavillageistheGram
Sabha.
ThisisavillageassemblyconsistingofalltheregisteredvotersinaVillagePanchayat.
TheGramSabhafunctionsaredeterminedbythestatelegislature.
ESTABLISHMENTOF3TIERSTRUCTURE:
The act provides for the establishment of a 3tier panchayati Raj structure at the state
leveltobringtheuniformitythroughoutthecountry.

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VillageLevelVillagePanchayat
MandalLevel(intermediate)MandalPanchayat
ZillaParishadDistrictLevel
But, a state with a population not exceeding 20 Lakh may not constitute Mandal
Panchayat.
Note:Itmeansthestateswithapopulationlessthan20lakhmayconstituteonlyVillage
PanchayatandZillParishad.
ELECTIONS:
AllthemembersofthePanchayatsatalllevels
Village
Mandal
District
Shallbeelecteddirectlybythepeople.

Today'sQuestion ClickHere

The manner and procedure of election Chair person at the village level (Sarpanch or
President)isdeterminedbythestatelegislature.
ThechairpersonsofMandalPanchyat(MadalPresident)andZillParishad(Chairman)
shallbeelectedindirectlyfromamongsttheelectedmembers.
A District (Zilla) is divided into number of ZPTCs (Zilla Parishad Territorial
Constituencies).
AZPTCmemberisdirectlyelectedbythepeople.
The directly elected ZPTC members from amongst them elect the chairman of Zilla
Parishad.
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Similarly each Mandal is divided into MPTCs (Mandal Parishad Territorial


Constituencies).
AnMPTCiselecteddirectlybythepeople.
ThePresidentofMandaliselectedbytheMPTCsfromamongstthemselves.
Hence, except the ZP chairman and the Mandal President all the members in the
Panchayatsareelecteddirectly.

RESERVATIONOFSEATS:

Article243DprovidesthereservationofseatsforSCsandSTs.
TheScheduledCasteandScheduledTribesareprovidedwiththereservationofseatsat
allthethreelevelsinproportiontotheirpopulation.
ThestatelegislatureshallprovideforthereservationofofficesoftheChairpersonsinthe
VillagepanchayatoranyotherlevelforSCsandSTs.
Thewomenareprovidedwiththereservationatallthethreelevels.
Notlessthanthe1/3rdofthetotalnumberofseatsshallbereservedforwomen.
Note:110thamendmentbillthatismeantforincreasingthereservationforwomenfrom
1/3rdtoatalllevelsisstillpendingintheParliament(AsonJanuary15,2104)
ThisincludesseatsreservedforwomenbelongingtoSCsandSTs).
Not less than 1/3rd of the total number of offices of chairpersons in the panchayats at
eachlevelshallbereservedforwomen.
Thestatelegislaturesmaymakeanyprovisionforreservationofseatsinanypanchayat
orofficesofchairpersonsinthePanchayatatanylevelinfavourofbackwardclasses.
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TERMOFPANCHAYATS:
Thetermofofficeis5years.
Theofficecanbedissolvedearlierbeforethecompletionoftheterminaccordancewith
theprocedureprescribedbystatelaw.
In case of dissolution election should be conducted before the expiry of the 6months
fromthedateofdissolution.
APanchayatthatisreconstitutedafterprematuredissolutionshallcontinueonlyforthe
remainderoftheperiod.
Fresh election to the panchayats can be conducted before the expiry of the term of 5
years.
QUALIFICATIONS:
Article 243 F provides that all persons who are qualified to be chosen to the state
legislatureshallbequalifiedtobechosenasamemberofapanchayat.
A person who attained the age of 21 years is eligible to contest in the Panchayat
elections.
NOTE:Incaseofstateassemblyitis25years.
DISQUALIFICATIONS:
Ifapersonisdisqualifiedunderanylawforthetimebeinginforceforthepurposeof
electionstothelegislatureofthestateconcerned.
Ifapersonisdisqualifiedunderanylawmadebythestatelegislature.
Nopersoncanbedisqualifiedonthegroundsthatheislessthan25yearsofageifhehas
attainedtheageof21years.
All questions of disqualifications shall be referred to such authority as the state
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legislaturedetermines.
POWERS,AUTHORITYANDRESPONSIBILITIESOFPANCHAYATS:

ARTCILE243G243H:TheStatelegislaturesconferonthepanchayatssuchpowersand
authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self
government.
Thepanchayatsmaybeentrustedwiththeresponsibilitiesof
Preparingplansforeconomicdevelopmentandsocialjustice
Implementationofschemesforeconomicdevelopmentandsocialjustice.
With regard to the subjects that are mentioned in the 11th schedule of the Indian
Constitution.(29items).
Thusthe11thscheduledistributespowersbetweenthestatelegislatureandpanchayats.
NOTE: the 7th schedule distributes the powers between the Union and the State
legislatures.

POWERS OF PANCHAYATS TO IMPOSE TAXES AND FINANCIAL


RESOURCES:

State legislature may authorize the panchayats to levy, collect and appropriate taxes,
duties,tollsetc.
Thestatelegislaturecanalsoassigntoapanchayatvarioustaxes,dutiesetccollectedby
thestategovernment.
FromtheConsolidatedFundoftheStateGrantsinaidmaybegiventothePanchayats.

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STATEFINANCECOMMISSION:
NOTE:ThisisjustliketheCentralFinanceCommission.
TheStateFinanceCommissionisconstitutedbytheGovernorevery5years.
Thestatefinancecommissionrecommendsaboutthedivisionofnetproceedsoftaxes,
duties,tollsandfeesleviablebythestatemaybedividedbetweenthestategovernment
and the Panchayats and how allocation would be made among various levels of
Panchayats.
TheStateFinanceCommissionalsorecommendsaboutthegrantsinaidtobegivento
thepanchayats.
TheStatefinanceCommissionsubmitsthereportalongwiththememorandumofaction
takenonittotheGovernor.
ThereportoftheFinanceCommissionalongwithamemorandumofactiontakenonitis
laidbeforethestatelegislaturebytheGovernor.

AUDITINGOFPANCHAYATACCOUNTS:
Theprovisionsaremadebythestatelegislaturewithrespecttothe
maintenance of accounts by the panchayats and the auditing of
suchaccounts.

STATEELECTIONCOMMISSION:

Article243KprovidesfortheconstitutionofastateElectionCommission.
TheStateElectionCommissionerisappointedbytheGovernor.
TheStateElectionCommissionisvestedwiththeresponsibilitiesof
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Superintendence
Direction
Controlofelectionstothepanchayats
Preparationofelectoralrolls

TheStateElectionCommissionercanberemovedinthesamemannerandonthesame
groundsasajudgeofaHighCourt.
The State Legislature has the power to legislate on all matters relating to elections to
panchayats.
Anelectiontoapanchayatcanbecalledinquestiononlybyanelectionpetitionwhich
should be presented to such authority and in such manner as may be prescribed by or
underanylawmadebythestatelegislature.
MISCELLANEOUS:
The President may direct the provisions of this act shall apply to any Union Territory
subjecttosuchexceptionsandmodificationsashespecifies.
The 73rd amendment act is not applicable to the states of Jammu and Kashmir,
Meghalaya,Mizoram,Nagalandetc.
TheactisalsonotapplicabletoScheduledareasandtribalareas.
Note:Tribalareasaretheautonomousdistricts.

SUBJECTSINTHE11THSCHEDULEOFTHEINDIANCONSTITUTION:
The11thschedulecontains29subjects.

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Agriculture,includingagriculturalextension.
Landimprovement,implementationoflandreforms,landconsolidationandsoil
conservation.
Minorirrigation,watermanagementandwatersheddevelopment.
Animalhusbandry,dairyingandpoultry.
Fisheries
Socialforestryandfarmforestry
Minorforestproduce
SmallScaleindustries,includingfoodprocessingindustries
Ruralhousing
Drinkingwater
Fuelandfodder
Roads,culverts,bridges,ferries,waterways,andothermeansofcommunication
Ruralelectrification,includingdistributionofelectricity
Nonconventionalenergysources
Povertyalleviationprogramme
Education,includingprimaryandsecondaryschools
Technicaltrainingandvocationaleducation
Adultandnonformaleducation
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Libraries
Culturalactivities
Marketsandfairs
Health and sanitation including hospitals, primary health centers and
dispensaries
Familywelfare
Womenandchilddevelopment
Socialwelfare,includingthewelfareofthehandicappedandmentallyretarded
Welfareoftheweakersectionsandinparticularofthescheduledcastesandthe
scheduledtribes
Publicdistributionsystem
Maintenanceofcommunityassets

MISCELLANEOUS:
Maharashtraisthe1ststateinthecountrytoprovide33percentreservationtowomenin
thelocalbodiesintheearly1990s.(duringtheChiefMinistershipofSharadPawar).
Biharisthefirststatetoprovide50percentreservationforwomeninthelocalbodies.

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BalaramPrajapati 8monthsago

anylinkforthevideoofpanchayatiraj

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raji 2yearsago

sir,underreservationofseats,110thamendmentbillitshouldhavebeenasonjan15,2014insteadofjan15,2104...peoplecan
stillunderstandit,butithoughtitsmyresponsibilitytobringittoyournotice...apartfromthatyouhavedoneanextremely
goodjobsir,amillionthanksforcreatingthissite...

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