Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
T(vapor)
(C)
T(cond.) (C)
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
97
20,1
97
20,1
97
20,8
97
21,3
97
21,6
97
21,6
T(H2O
fria)
T(H2O cali)
17
16,2
17
17,5
17
18,1
17
18,7
17
19,2
17
19,5
17
19,8
17
20,4
17
20,8
17
20,9
17
21,4
17
21,6
17
21,7
17
22,1
V(cond)
(ml)
6
10
15
17
18
15
420
450
480
510
540
570
600
630
660
690
720
750
780
810
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
Tiempo (s)
8,3
7,2
7,4
7,5
7,6
Caudal
prom:
22
22
22
22
22,2
21,9
22,2
22,1
22
22
22
21,8
21,8
21,6
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
V(ml)
301
253
252
252
252
Adems:
Volumen del Serpentn:
Volumen del Recipiente:
Caudal promedio:
22,3
22,5
22,5
22,6
22,4
22,6
22,3
22,4
22,1
22,2
21,9
22,1
22,1
22,3
Caudal (ml/s)
36,26506024
35,13888889
34,05405405
33,6
33,15789474
34,44317958
GRAFICOS:
T sistema Vs. Tiempo (temperatura del sistema como funcin del tiempo)
17
19
15
15
15
14
14
12
9
12
11
16
14
15
V cond. vs tiempo
20
15
Vcond (ml)
10
5
0
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
tiempo (s)
c) Por ajuste de curva, obtener las expresiones matemticas correspondientes que puedan reflejar la
forma en la que varan las diferentes variables en relacin al tiempo.
d) Granear los resultados de temperaturas vs. tiempo en papel milimetrado; luego ajustar grficamente
y esbozar una curva de comportamiento representativo.
T vaporizacin Vs tiempo
T vap. vs tiempo
105
T f(x)
vapor
R -=0x^4
0.71 - 0x^3 + 0x^2 - 0.01x + 96.1
= - (C)
0x^6 +95
0x^5
R = 0.89
85
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
tiempo (s)
T condensacin Vs t
T cond. vs tiempo
23
22
f(x) = - 0x^5 + 0x^4 - 0x^3 + 0x^2 - 0.07x + 22.75
R =
0.96 21
cond.
(C)
20
19
200
300
400
500
600
tiempo (s)
700
800
T sist.1 vs tiempo
22
20
f(x) = - 0x^6 + 0x^5 - 0x^4 + 0x^3 - 0x^2 + 0.02x + 16.64
R
1 (C) 18
T=
sist.
16
14
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
tiempo (s)
T sist.2 vs tiempo
15
10
T sist (C)
5
0
tiempo (s)
e) En base a la mejor curva representativa obtener una tabla de temperatura corregida vs. Tiempo.
tiempo(s)
0
T vapor
(C)
96,096
30 95,9342286
T cond
(C)
Tag.
Cal(C)
16,901802
5
16,943222
3
Tsist1 (K)
16,957173
85
16,968577
16
T sist 2 (K)
60 95,8634057
16,962247
8
16,981216
2
16,99698
90 95,8657947
120 95,9238201
150 96,0209719
17,006419
5
17,015845
180 96,1426043
210 96,2766298
240 96,4141084
21,454656
270 96,5497312
21,454656
300
96,6822
330
96,8145011
21,416386
3
21,389315
360 96,9540746
390
97,1128782
420 97,3073469
450 97,5582469
480 97,8904246
510 98,3324515
540 98,9161627
570 99,6760918
600
100,6488
630
101,8721
660 103,384177
690
105,2226
720 107,423235
750
110,019047
780
113,038799
810
116,505648
21,373177
6
21,373177
6
21,351783
7
21,351783
7
21,351783
7
21,351783
7
21,341139
1
21,357119
21,341139
1
21,346457
21,351783
7
21,351783
7
21,351783
7
21,362463
2
21,362463
2
21,373177
6
17,034654
3
17,047163
1
17,050286
5
17,065880
6
17,072107
6
17,075218
9
17,087648
9
17,093854
8
17,100054
8
17,100054
8
17,103152
6
17,096955
6
17,103152
6
17,093854
8
17,096955
6
17,087648
9
17,090752
6
17,081436
9
17,087648
9
17,087648
9
17,093854
8
16,973817
19
16,979042
76
16,983386
39
16,985987
77
16,988585
57
16,993770
45
16,997219
11
16,998080
28
17,002380
26
17,004097
49
17,004955
51
17,008383
7
17,010095
44
17,011805
62
17,011805
62
17,012660
12
17,010950
72
17,012660
12
17,010095
44
17,010950
72
17,008383
7
17,009239
76
17,006670
39
17,008383
7
17,008383
7
17,010095
44
58,8770518
7
58,8770518
7
58,8799460
4
58,8820153
58,8832576
4
58,8832576
4
58,8849150
1
58,8849150
1
58,8849150
1
58,8849150
1
58,8857440
8
58,8845005
7
58,8857440
8
58,8853295
1
58,8849150
1
58,8849150
1
58,8849150
1
58,8840862
58,8840862
58,8832576
4
Las temperaturas en K:
T cond
T vapor (K) (K)
Tag. Fria(K)
369,096
290
368,934229
290
368,863406
290
368,865795
368,92382
369,020972
290
290
290
369,142604
290
369,27663
369,414108
369,549731
369,6822
369,814501
369,954075
370,112878
370,307347
370,558247
370,890425
371,332451
371,916163
372,676092
373,6488
374,8721
376,384177
378,2226
380,423235
383,019047
386,038799
290
294,45465
6
294,45465
6
294,41638
6
294,38931
5
294,37317
8
294,37317
8
294,35178
4
294,35178
4
294,35178
4
294,35178
4
294,34113
9
294,35711
9
294,34113
9
294,34645
7
294,35178
4
294,35178
4
294,35178
4
294,36246
3
294,36246
3
290
290
290
290
290
290
290
290
290
290
290
290
290
290
290
290
290
290
290
Tag.
Cal(K)
289,90180
3
289,94322
2
289,96224
8
289,98121
6
289,99698
290,00642
290,01584
5
290,03465
4
290,04716
3
290,05028
7
290,06588
1
290,07210
8
290,07521
9
290,08764
9
290,09385
5
290,10005
5
290,10005
5
290,10315
3
290,09695
6
290,10315
3
290,09385
5
290,09695
6
290,08764
9
290,09075
3
290,08143
7
290,08764
9
290,08764
9
389,505648
294,37317
8
290,09385
5
290
Teniendo en cuenta que para hallar la temperatura de Sistema 1 se utiliz la siguiente frmula:
Tsist 1=
Tsist 2=
T condensado+T vapor
2
Volumen de condensado
del (ml/s)
serpentn
T(s)
V(ml) dentro
Caudal
Volumen
dentro
8,3
301del cilindro
36,2650602
7,2
7,4
7,5
7,6
253
252
252
252
Caudal
prom:
(m3)
0,0001
0,004652
(ml)
100
4652
Masa (Kg)
0,100
4,652
35,1388889
34,0540541
33,6
33,1578947
34,4431796
Cp [J/K
mol]
Cp =
b(T)
c(T^2)
8.712
1,25*E(-3)
0,18*E(-6)
Cv=Cp
Para hallar: Cv=Cp son iguales por tratarse de lquidos
Tomando en cuenta:
Nro. de moles
5,555555556
258,4444444
Cp (T
caliente)
Cp prom
Cv (T fra)
Cv(T
calient)
Cv prom
75,3195357
75,3189041
75,3192199
75,3195357
75,3189041
75,3192199
75,3195357
75,3189949
75,3192653
75,3195357
75,3189949
75,3192653
75,3195357
75,3191761
75,3193559
75,3195357
75,3191761
75,3193559
75,3195357
75,3193568
75,3194462
75,3195357
75,3193568
75,3194462
0,00169975
75,3195357
75,3195069
75,3195213
75,3195357
75,3195069
75,3195213
0,01113226
75,3195357
75,3195968
75,3195662
75,3195357
75,3195968
75,3195662
0,02524968
75,3195357
75,3196866
75,3196111
75,3195357
75,3196866
75,3196111
0,04090874
75,3195357
75,3198657
75,3197007
75,3195357
75,3198657
75,3197007
0,04872484
75,3195357
75,3199849
75,3197603
75,3195357
75,3199849
75,3197603
0,05808357
75,3195357
75,3200146
75,3197751
75,3195357
75,3200146
75,3197751
0,06899414
75,3195357
75,3201631
75,3198494
75,3195357
75,3201631
75,3198494
0,07366327
75,3195357
75,3202225
75,3198791
75,3195357
75,3202225
75,3198791
0,08143388
75,3195357
75,3202521
75,3198939
75,3195357
75,3202521
75,3198939
0,09075184
75,3195357
75,3203705
75,3199531
75,3195357
75,3203705
75,3199531
0,09695483
75,3195357
75,3204296
75,3199826
75,3195357
75,3204296
75,3199826
0,10005484
75,3195357
75,3204886
75,3200121
75,3195357
75,3204886
75,3200121
0,10160372
75,3195357
75,3204886
75,3200121
75,3195357
75,3204886
75,3200121
0,10005409
75,3195357
75,3205181
75,3200269
75,3195357
75,3205181
75,3200269
0,10005409
75,3195357
75,3204591
75,3199974
75,3195357
75,3204591
75,3199974
0,09850372
75,3195357
75,3205181
75,3200269
75,3195357
75,3205181
75,3200269
0,09540521
75,3195357
75,3204296
75,3199826
75,3195357
75,3204296
75,3199826
0,09230222
75,3195357
75,3204591
75,3199974
75,3195357
75,3204591
75,3199974
0,08920072
75,3195357
75,3203705
75,3199531
75,3195357
75,3203705
75,3199531
0,08609474
75,3195357
75,3204
75,3199678
75,3195357
75,3204
75,3199678
0,08454287
75,3195357
75,3203113
75,3199235
75,3195357
75,3203113
75,3199235
0,08764885
75,3195357
75,3203705
75,3199531
75,3195357
75,3203705
75,3199531
0,09075184
144,953073
75,3195357
75,3203705
75,3199531
75,3195357
75,3203705
75,3199531
75,3195357
75,3204296
75,3199826
75,3195357
75,3204296
75,3199826
Tsist1 (K)
T flujo 1
16,95717385
16,96857716
16,97381719
16,97904276
16,98338639
16,98598777
16,98858557
16,99377045
16,99721911
16,99808028
17,00238026
17,00409749
17,00495551
17,0083837
17,01009544
17,01180562
17,01180562
17,01266012
17,01095072
17,01266012
17,01009544
17,01095072
17,0083837
17,00923976
17,00667039
17,0083837
17,0083837
17,01009544
0,06154479
0,04726492
0,02826798
0,01090189
H=Caudal30Cp
t
SISTEMA
(Caudal del agua de salida)
( T SIST 1)
U =VCv
H gan
(KJ)
U gan
(kJ)
Qgan (kJ)
0,266102
59
0,204360
51
0,122223
12
0,047136
9
0,007349
26
0,048133
03
0,109173
16
0,176879
15
0,210674
17
0,251139
1
0,298313
98
0,318502
34
0,352100
63
0,392389
59
0,419210
03
0,432613
88
0,439310
89
0,432610
74
0,432610
57
0,425907
29
0,412509
8
0,399093
28
0,385682
91
0,372253
43
0,365543
3
0,378973
0,392389
59
626,7431
88
1,1980206
8
0,9200516
1
0,5502607
9
0,2122150
6
0,0330871
0,2166997
5
0,4915085
6
0,7963277
7
0,9484763
6
1,1306535
3
1,3430396
1,4339296
3
1,5851925
1
1,7665775
1
1,8873258
1
1,9476713
1,9778219
1
1,9476571
8
1,9476564
2
1,9174775
4
1,8571607
1
1,7967581
7
1,7363833
5
1,6759224
9
1,6457128
1,7061746
4
1,7665775
1
2821,6610
1
1,4641232
7
1,1244121
2
0,6724839
1
0,2593519
5
0,0404363
5
0,2648327
8
0,6006817
2
0,9732069
3
1,1591505
3
1,3817926
3
1,6413535
8
1,7524319
6
1,9372931
4
2,1589671
2,3065358
4
2,3802851
8
2,4171328
2,3802679
2
2,3802669
9
2,3433848
3
2,2696705
1
2,1958514
5
2,1220662
7
2,0481759
2
2,0112561
2,0851476
4
2,1589671
3448,4042
Cp [J/K
mol]
Cp =
b(T)
c(T^2)
3,47
1,45*10^(-3)
0,121*10^(5)
Cv=Cp-R
Para hallar: Cv=Cp-R ,Dnde: R=8,314(J/Kmol)
Tomando en cuenta:
25,7235856
25,7235856
76,0635245
76,0635245
25,7222831
25,7222831
76,0620219
76,0620219
0,00119448
25,7217131
25,7217131
76,0613641
76,0613641
0,02901271
25,7217324
25,7217324
76,0613863
76,0613863
0,0485759
25,7221993
25,7221993
76,0619253
76,0619253
0,0608162
25,7229814
25,7229814
76,0628276
76,0628276
0,06701277
147,158589
25,7239609
25,7239609
76,0639573
76,0639573
25,7250409
25,7250409
76,0652021
76,0652021
0,06781141
25,7261492
25,2455878
25,4858685
76,0664789
75,3619344
75,7142066
0,08536924
25,7272432
25,2455878
25,4864155
76,0677383
75,3619344
75,7148364
0,08088571
0,03541143
58,87705187
58,87705187
58,87994604
58,8820153
58,88325764
58,88325764
58,88491501
58,88491501
58,88491501
58,88491501
58,88574408
58,88450057
58,88574408
58,88532951
58,88491501
58,88491501
58,88491501
58,8840862
58,8840862
Cv
T(conden)
Cv(T
condensad
o)
Cv (T
vapor)
T flujo 2
Cv
T(vapor)
Cv prom
0,0796862
25,7283124
25,2454281
25,4868702
76,0689685
75,3615704
75,7152694
0,07785543
25,7293807
25,2453152
25,487348
76,070197
75,3613129
75,715755
0,07940182
25,7305084
25,2452479
25,4878782
76,071493
75,3611595
75,7163262
0,10793134
25,7317922
25,2452479
25,4885201
76,0729675
75,3611595
75,7170635
0,12544997
25,7333654
25,2451588
25,4892621
76,074773
75,360956
75,7178645
0,16608888
25,735397
25,2451588
25,4902779
76,0771023
75,360956
75,7190291
0,22101343
25,7380898
25,2451588
25,4916243
76,0801859
75,360956
75,7205709
0,29717788
25,7416785
25,2451588
25,4934186
76,0842887
75,360956
75,7226223
0,37197461
25,746427
25,2451145
25,4957707
76,0897056
75,3608547
75,7252802
0,49434404
25,7526252
25,245181
25,4989031
76,0967564
75,3610067
75,7288816
0,60899119
25,7605852
25,2451145
25,5028498
76,1057789
75,3608547
75,7333168
0,75337506
25,7706374
25,2451366
25,507887
76,1171217
75,3609053
75,7390135
0,91921165
25,7831257
25,2451588
25,5141422
76,131136
75,360956
75,746046
1,10031752
25,7984019
25,2451588
25,5217803
76,1481657
75,360956
75,7545608
1,29256601
25,8168187
25,2451588
25,5309887
76,1685373
75,360956
75,7647467
1,50987585
25,8387219
25,2452033
25,5419626
76,1925486
75,3610575
75,7768031
1,72806735
25,8644397
25,2452033
25,5548215
76,2204559
75,3610575
75,7907567
58,88325764
47,5662351
25,8942704
25,2452479
25,5697592
76,2524614
75,3611595
75,8068104
Para el calor disipado tenemos 2 fases vapor lquido por lo que necesitamos un promedio de cv tanto en fase lquida
y fase vapor:
Cv (T
vapor)
76,06352
45
76,06202
19
76,06136
41
76,06138
63
76,06192
53
76,06282
76
76,06395
73
76,06520
21
76,06647
89
76,06773
83
76,06896
85
76,07019
7
76,07149
3
76,07296
75
76,07477
3
76,07710
23
76,08018
59
76,08428
87
76,08970
56
76,09675
64
76,10577
89
76,11712
17
76,13113
6
76,14816
57
76,16853
73
76,19254
86
76,22045
Cv(T
condensa
do)
75,361934
4
75,361934
4
75,361570
4
75,361312
9
75,361159
5
75,361159
5
75,360956
75,360956
75,360956
75,360956
75,360854
7
75,361006
7
75,360854
7
75,360905
3
75,360956
75,360956
75,360956
75,361057
5
75,361057
Cv prom
Cv prom
final
76,063524
5
76,062021
9
76,061364
1
76,061386
3
76,061925
3
76,062827
6
76,063957
3
76,065202
1
75,714206
6
75,714836
4
75,715269
4
75,715755
50,893555
75,716326
2
75,717063
5
75,717864
5
75,719029
1
75,720570
9
75,722622
3
75,725280
2
75,728881
6
75,733316
8
75,739013
5
75,746046
75,754560
8
75,764746
7
75,776803
1
75,790756
50,892152
5
50,891538
6
50,891559
3
50,892062
3
50,892904
5
50,893959
1
50,895121
5
50,600037
6
50,600625
9
50,601069
8
50,601551
5
50,602102
2
50,602791
8
50,603563
3
50,604653
5
50,606097
6
50,608020
5
50,610525
5
50,613892
3
50,618083
3
50,623450
2
50,630094
1
50,638170
6
50,647867
7
50,659382
8
50,672789
59
76,25246
14
75,361159
5
75,806810
4
50,688284
8
H=Caudal (V conden)30Cpt
SISTEMA
(Caudal del Volumen condensado)
( T SIST 2 )
U =Masa( serpent n)Cv
Qc= U + H + V
Se consider vap= 2293,5 kJ/kg para el agua
Hced(KJ)
H ced
cond (KJ)
U ced (KJ)
Qced (KJ)
0,000764
01
0,001603
06
0,002244
55
0,002485
42
0,002683
93
0,003040
29
0,004005
03
0,005926
43
0,006226
25
0,008372
35
0,010480
31
13,7454
16,660844
2
0
16,660844
2
13,746164
41,2362
0,0008142
4
0,0005821
7
0,0003495
3
0
34,3635
0,0004663
38,9453
22,911417
3
34,366326
7
38,948134
9
41,238883
9
34,367006
6
38,949305
43,5271
34,3635
34,3635
0,013000
72
0,016017
68
32,0726
0,0002332
8
0,0003499
2
0,0003499
4
0,0001166
22,909
34,3635
38,9453
34,3635
32,0726
43,533026
4
34,369726
2
34,372105
6
34,373630
4
32,085950
7
32,088501
7
0,016987
04
27,4908
0,015547
61
0,024820
07
0,026734
21
0,045438
49
0,045521
47
20,6181
0,0001166
7
0
27,4908
25,1999
0,0002334
0
1,343102
38
34,3635
36,6544
32,0726
0,0002334
4
16,594883
8
27,507670
4
20,633647
6
27,515620
1
25,226400
8
36,699838
5
32,117888
16,425513
8
Qgan (kJ)
Qced (KJ)
Qdis (KJ)
1,4641232
7
1,1244121
2
0,6724839
1
0,2593519
5
0,0404363
5
1,4641232
7
1,1244121
2
0,6724839
1
0,2593519
5
150
0,2648327
8
180
0,6006817
2
210
0,9732069
3
1,1591505
3
1,3817926
3
1,6413535
8
1,7524319
6
1,9372931
4
2,1589671
16,660844
2
13,746164
0,0404363
5
0,2648327
8
0,6006817
2
15,687637
2
12,587013
5
21,529624
7
32,724973
1
37,195703
30
60
90
120
240
270
300
330
360
390
420
450
2,3065358
4
2,3802851
22,911417
3
34,366326
7
38,948134
9
41,238883
9
34,367006
6
38,949305
43,533026
39,301590
8
32,208039
5
36,642769
2
41,152741
480
2,4171328
510
2,3802679
2
2,3802669
9
2,3433848
3
2,2696705
1
2,1958514
5
2,1220662
7
2,0481759
2
2,0112561
34,369726
2
34,372105
6
34,373630
4
32,085950
7
32,088501
31,952593
4
31,991837
7
31,993363
4
29,742565
8
29,818830
5
25,311818
9
18,511581
3
25,467444
1
23,215144
7
34,614690
8
29,958920
9
3464,8297
2
540
570
600
630
660
690
720
750
780
810
2,0851476
4
2,1589671
27,507670
4
20,633647
6
27,515620
1
25,226400
8
36,699838
5
32,117888
3448,4042
16,425513
8
Calores Promedios
Qc
32,0295866
Qg
31,38688662
Qd
0,64270003
QG
100%
QC
Hallamos Rendimiento:
31,38688662
100
32,0295866
=97,9934177%
Qg Vs t
50
40
30
Calor Ganado (KJ)
20
10
0
0
Qc Vs t
80
60
Calor cedido (KJ) 40
20
0
0
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
-10
-20
-30
-40
t (s)
En las variables con las que se trabaj en esta prctica se pudo observar que sus tendencias eran crecientes
y de todas terminaban por ser un proceso estacionario.
Podemos ver con los resultados obtenidos que el rendimiento obtenido es bastante optimo por que esta
97.99% valor que se acerca al 100%
h) CONCLUSIONES
El laboratorio fue muy practico desde al punto de vista de los sistemas termodinmicos
convencionales, reales siempre se comportan de manera reversible por lo que siempre existe perdidas de
calor.
Se verifico que el sistema muestra un intercambio de energa por parte del refrigerante que es el agua y el
vapor que viene del caldero.
Al ajustar las grficas, se observa que el error no es tan grande ya que se ajuste al comportamiento de los
datos obtenidos.
El trabajar en el laboratorio con un intercambiador de calor, nos pudo hacer comprender de mejor manera
el concepto de calor sensible ya que el agua tena un incremento de temperatura; y el concepto de calor
latente ya que el vapor cambia de estado y obviamente tuvo un decremento de temperatura.
i)
OBSERVACIONES
Los clculos se realizaron con un trabajo despreciable del agitador W eje =0.
La prctica en el laboratorio se la realizo con toda la precisin que se pudo y tomando todas las
precauciones para que los resultados y el tratamiento de datos lleguen a salir coherentes
Durante la experimentacin se tuvo retrasos ya que en material de laboratorio estaba daado y tenia fugas
as que se perdi tiempo en reparar las fallas
j) BIBLIOGRAFA
SMITH, J.M.; VAN NESS H.C. Introduccin a la Termodinmica en Ingeniera Qumica 6ta.
Edicin Ed. McGrawHill