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1
1
1. Encuentre la matriz inversa de A= 1
1
1
1 1
2 1 2
1 2 1
3
3 2
A 1
1
* AdjA
DetA
2 1 4
A= 1 0 5
19 7 3
Semana:6
Unidad: Determinantes
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS
1 1 2 0
3 1
4 0
2 1 5 0
0 0 0 2
0 0 0 1
0
0
0
3
4
cCosA+a CosC =b
c cos A +a cos B=c
a cos B+b cos C=a
b. Si el sistema de la parte (a) se considera como un sistema de tres ecuaciones en las tres
CosC
1. Solucin
Mtodo de Gauss-Jordan
Para calcular matriz invertible apuntemos la matriz A y tambin escribamos a su
derecha una matriz identidad:
1
1
1
1
1
2
-1
3
1
-1
2
3
1
2
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
-2
2
1
-2
1
2
1
1
0
1
1
-1
-1
-1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
-2
-3
6
0
1
2
-1
2
-1
-3
1
-1
1
2
-2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
-2
1
6
0
1
-2/3
-1
2
-1
1
1
-1
1
-2/3
-2
0
0
-1/3
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
-1/3
-2/3
3
-1
1
1
-5
2
-1/3
-2/3
1
-1
1
1
-5/3
1
-1/3
-2/3
2
1
-2/3
-1/3
2
1
-1/3
-2/3
2/3
0
0
0
1
1
-2/3
-1/3
2/3
0
0
0
1/3
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
7/3
4/9
-1/9
-5/3
-1/3
-1/9
-2/9
2/3
-1/3
-4/9
1/9
2/3
-2/3
1/9
2/9
1/3
Resultado:
7/3
4/9
-1/9
-5/3
A-1 =
-1/3
-4/9
1/9
2/3
-2/3
1/9
2/9
1/3
det A =
= 1
-1/3
-1/9
-2/9
2/3
2
-1
3
-1 2
2 1
3 2
- 1
1 -1 2
1 2 1
1 3 2
1
2
-1
3
+ 1
1
-1
2
3
1 2 2
1 -1 1
1 3 2
1
2
1
2
- 1
1 2
1 -1
1 3
-1
2
3
-9
adjA=
2 1 2
a 11 = 1 2 1 = ((2x2x2) + (-1x3x2) + (-1x1x3)) ((2x2x3) + (1x3x2) + (-1x3
3 2
1x2))= -21
1 1 2
a 12 = 1 2 1 = ((1x2x2) + (-1x1x1) + (1x3x2)) ((2x2x1) + (3x1x1) + (1x-1x2))= 4
1 3 2
1 2 2
a 13 = 1 1 1 = ((1x-1x2) + (2x1x1) + (1x3x2)) ((2x-1x1) + (3x1x1) + (2x1x2))=1
1 3 2
1 2 1
a 14 = 1 1 2 = ((1x-1x3) + (1x3x-1) + (2x2x1)) ((-1x-1x1) + (3x2x1) +
1 3
3
(2x1x3))=-15
1 1 1
a 21 = 1 2 1 = ((1x-2x2) + (1x1x3) + (-1x3x1)) ((1x-2x3) + (3x1x1) + (-1x1x2))=
3 3 2
1
1 1 1
a 22 = 1 2 1 = ((1x2x2) + (1x1x1) + (1x3x1)) ((1x2x1) + (1x3x1) + (1x1x2))= 1
1 3 2
1 1 1
a 23 = 1 1 1 = ((1x-1x2) + (1x1x1) + (1x3x1)) ((1x-1x1) + (3x1x1) + (1x1x2))=
1 3 2
-2
1 1 1
a 24 = 1 1 2
1 3 3
-6
1 1 1
a 31 = 2 1 2 = ((1x-1x2) + (2x3x1) + (1x2x3)) ((1x-1x3) + (3x2x1) + (2x1x2))= 3
3 3 2
1 1 1
a 32 = 1 1 2 = ((1x-1x2) + (1x3x1) + (1x2x1)) ((1x-1x1) + (3x2x1) + (1x1x2))=
1 3 2
-4
1 1 1
a 33 = 1 2 2 = ((1x2x2) + (1x3x1) + (1x2x1)) ((1x2x1) + (3x2x1) + (1x1x2))= -1
1 3 2
1 1 1
a 34 = 1 2 1
1 3 3
a 41 =
1
1 1
2 1 2 = ((1x-1x1) + (2x2x1) + (1x2x-1)) ((1x-1x-1) + (2x2x1) +
1 2 1
(2x1x1))= -6
1 1 1
a 42 = 1 1 2 = ((1x-1x1) + (1x2x1) + (1x2x1)) ((1x-1x1) + (2x2x1) + (1x1x1))=
1 2 1
-1
1 1 1
a 43 = 1 2 2 = ((1x2x1) + (-1x2x1) + (1x-1x1)) ((1x2x1) + (-1x2x1) + (1x1x1))=
1 1 1
-2
1 1
1
a 44 = 1 2 1 = ((1x2x2) + (1x-1x1) + (1x-1x1)) ((1x2x1) + (-1x-1x1) +
1 1 2
(1x1x2))= -3
21 4 1 15
1
1 2 6
3 4 1 6
6 1 2 3
adjA=
A1
adjA =
21
4
1
15
1
t
adjA =
DetA
1
3 6
1 4 1
2 1 2
6 6 3
21
1
4
1
A =
9 1
15
1
3 6
1 4 1
2 1 2
6 6 3
7/ 3 1/ 9 1/3 2/ 3
4 / 9 1/ 9 4 / 9 1/ 9
1/ 9 2/ 9
1/9 2/ 9
5/ 3 2/ 3
2/3 1/3
2. Solucin:
2 1 4
A= 1 0 5
19 7 3
)
1
F 1= F 1
2
1 1/2 2
1
0
5
19
7
3
1 1/2
2
0 1/2
7
0 33/2 35
1 1/2
2
0
1
14
0
0
427
1 1/2 9/2
0
1
14
0
0
1
F2=1F1+F2
F3=-19F1+F3
F2=-2F2
F3=33/2F2+F3
F3 = (1/427) F3
1 1/2 9/2
0
1
14
0
0
1
Teniendo en cuenta que para que una matriz sea invertible su determinante debe
ser diferente de cero.
Procedemos hallar el determinante de nuestra matriz escalonada:
1 1/ 2 9/ 2
A= 0
1
14
0
0
1
det
1
0
-14
1
(-
1
)
2
0
0
-14
1
9
2
0
0
1
0
3. Solucin:
A=
1
3
2
0
0
-1
1
-1
0
0
2
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
2
-1
0
0
0
3
4
de la matriz A
Calculemos un menor M1,1 y cofactore C1,1 de A1,1. En la matriz A eliminemos la
fila 1 y columna1.
1
-1
0
0
M1,1 =
4
5
0
0
0
0
2
-1
0
0
3
4
99
C1,1 = (-1)1+1M1,1 =
99
M1,2 =
4
5
0
0
0
0
2
-1
0
0
3
4
77
C1,2 = (-1)1+2M1,2 =
-77
M1,3 =
3
2
0
0
1
-1
0
0
0
0
2
-1
0
0
3
4
-55
C1,3 = (-1)1+3M1,3 =
-55
2
0
0
-1
0
0
5
0
0
0
3
4
C1,4 = (-1)1+4M1,4 =
M1,5 =
3
2
0
0
1
-1
0
0
4
5
0
0
0
0
2
-1
C1,5 = (-1)1+5M1,5 =
M2,1 =
-1
-1
0
0
2
5
0
0
0
0
2
-1
0
0
3
4
-33
C2,1 = (-1)2+1M2,1 =
33
M2,2 =
1
2
0
0
2
5
0
0
C2,2 = (-1)2+2M2,2 =
0
0
2
-1
0
0
3
4
11
11
M2,3 =
1
2
0
0
-1
-1
0
0
0
0
2
-1
0
0
3
4
11
C2,3 = (-1)2+3M2,3 =
-11
M2,4 =
1
2
0
0
-1
-1
0
0
2
5
0
0
0
0
3
4
C2,4 = (-1)2+4M2,4 =
M2,5 =
1
2
0
0
-1
-1
0
0
2
5
0
0
0
0
2
-1
C2,5 = (-1)2+5M2,5 =
-1
1
2
4
0
0
0
0
-66
0
0
0
0
2
-1
3
4
C3,1 = (-1)3+1M3,1 =
-66
M3,2 =
1
3
0
0
2
4
0
0
0
0
2
-1
0
0
3
4
-22
C3,2 = (-1)3+2M3,2 =
22
M3,3 =
1
3
0
0
-1
1
0
0
0
0
2
-1
0
0
3
4
44
C3,3 = (-1)3+3M3,3 =
44
M3,4 =
1
3
0
0
-1
1
0
0
C3,4 = (-1)3+4M3,4 =
2
4
0
0
0
0
3
4
M3,5 =
1
3
0
0
-1
1
0
0
2
4
0
0
0
0
2
-1
C3,5 = (-1)3+5M3,5 =
M4,1 =
-1
1
-1
0
2
4
5
0
0
0
0
-1
0
0
0
4
C4,1 = (-1)4+1M4,1 =
M4,2 =
1
3
2
0
2
4
5
0
0
0
0
-1
0
0
0
4
C4,2 = (-1)4+2M4,2 =
M4,3 =
1
3
2
0
-1
1
-1
0
0
0
0
-1
0
0
0
4
C4,3 = (-1)4+3M4,3 =
M4,4 =
1
3
2
0
-1
1
-1
0
2
4
5
0
0
0
0
4
24
C4,4 = (-1)4+4M4,4 =
24
M4,5 =
1
3
2
0
-1
1
-1
0
2
4
5
0
0
0
0
-1
-6
C4,5 = (-1)4+5M4,5 =
M5,1 =
-1
1
-1
0
2
4
5
0
C5,1 = (-1)5+1M5,1 =
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
3
M5,2 =
2
4
5
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
3
C5,2 = (-1)5+2M5,2 =
M5,3 =
1
3
2
0
-1
1
-1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
3
C5,3 = (-1)5+3M5,3 =
M5,4 =
1
3
2
0
-1
1
-1
0
2
4
5
0
0
0
0
3
C5,4 = (-1)5+4M5,4 =
18
-18
1
3
2
-1
1
-1
2
4
5
0
0
0
12
C5,5 = (-1)5+5M5,5 =
12
C=
-77
11
22
0
0
-55
-11
44
0
0
0
0
0
24
-18
0
0
0
6
12
CT =
99
33
-66
-77
11
22
-55
-11
44
24
-18
12
A-1 =
CT
det A
4. Solucin:
3/2
-7/6
-5/6
0
0
1/2
1/6
-1/6
0
0
-1
1/3
2/3
0
0
0
0
0
4/11
1/11
0
0
0
-3/11
2/11
1 1 1
B= 3 1 2
3 1 1
11+11
12+13
12+13
12+11
11+11
1 3 + 1 (-1)
13+11
1 (-1) + 1 2
11+11
2
5
5
A+B=
3
2
2
4
1
2
det A+B =
2
2
1
2
5
5
3
2
2
1
2
4
1
2
5
5
det A+B =
2
2
-11
det A =
1
2
2
2
1
3
3
-1
1
1
3
-1
1
2
2
-1
1
2
2
1
3
det A =
1
-1
1
3
3
det B =
2
1
1
1
-1
3
3
2
1
det B =
1
2
1
3
3
1
-1
Aplicamos la formula
Det(A+B) = Det(A) + Det(B)=
-11 = 8+0
-11 8
No se cumple.
5. Soluciones:
(a) Solucin:
Demostraremos que:
c = bcos(A) + acos(B)
Sea el triangulo ABC donde la altura desde C se intercepta en AB en el punto H.
Tenemos entonces que:
c=AB
c=AB=AH+HB
c=AH+HB
Adems:
Hallamos el coseno del ngulo A:
AH
cos(A)= AC
AC= b
AH
cos(A)= b
bcos(A)=AH
Hallamos el coseno del ngulo B:
HB
cos(B)= CB
CB= a
cos(B)=
HB
a
cos(B)=HB
Tenemos que:
AH = b
cos(A)
HB= a cos(B)
Los reemplazamos en c= AH + HB.
c= b
cos(A)+ a
cos(B)
Queda demostrado.
De igual forma se demuestra que:
a =c cos(B) + b cos(C)
b =c cos(A)+ a cos(C)
.
(b) Solucin:
Tenemos que ordenar el sistema:
( ) ( ) ()
0 c b
c 0 a
b a 0
cos ( A)
cos ( B)
cos ( C )
a
b
c
( )
0 c b
c 0 a
b a 0
Hallando el determinante:
[ ]
0 c b
c 0 a
b a 0
c
)( 0 ) - ( b )( a )) +
c
= 0((0)(0) ( a )( a ))
( c )( a )(b)(0)
)
b
c (ab ) +b (ac )
abc+ abc
2 abc
Como a, b y c son distancias de los lados del triangulo, y por ende magnitudes
positivas: a,b,c>0, entonces:
[ ]
0 c b
c 0 a
b a 0
= 2 abc > 0
(c)Solucin:
Partimos de la forma matricial:
( ) ( ) ()
0 c b
c 0 a
b a 0
cos ( A)
cos ( B)
cos ( C )
a
b
c
cos ( C )=
[ ]
[ ]
0 c a
c 0 b
b a c
0 c b
c 0 a
b a 0
c( c b )+ a(a c)
cos ( C )=
c (ab ) +b (a c )
(c b )+a(a)
cos ( C )=
(ab ) +b( a)
c +b + a
cos ( C )=
ab+ab
cos ( C )=
c2 +b2 + a2
2 ab