TOEIC Grammar GLOBAL EDUCATION VIETNAM

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GERUND

1. Form (Cấu tạo)

We form the gerund by adding the ending – ing to a verb. (Chúng ta thành lập danh động từ bằng cách thêm
đuôi – ing vào động từ .

Exceptions in spelling (Trường hợp ngoại lệ khi thêm –ing):

A single, silent e at the end of the word is dropped before ing.

Example: come – coming

 I am coming home. You are coming home. He is coming home.

But: ee at the end of the word is not changed

Example: agree - agreeing

The final consonant after a short, stressed vowel is doubled before ing.

Example: sit – sitting

 I am sitting on the sofa. You are sitting on the sofa. He is sitting on the sofa.

The letter l as final consonant after a vowel is always doubled before ing. 1

Example: travel – travelling

 I am travelling around. You are travelling around. He is travelling around.

Note: This applies only for British English; in American English there is usually only one l.

An ie at the end of a word becomes y before ing.

Example: lie – lying

 I am lying in bed. You are lying in bed. He is lying in bed.

2. Usage (Cách sử dụng)

We use the gerund:

- as a noun, either as a subject or as the object of a verb

Learning English is easy.

- after some verbs:

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admit intend prefer

avoid keep propose

begin like quit

continue look forward recommend

deny to regret

enjoy love remember

finish mean start

forget mention stop

go mind suggest

go on miss try

hate practice 2

 He goes fishing on Sundays.

 I avoid staying up late on weekdays.

- after the expressions:

 can’t stand, can’t help

I can’t stand living with her.

 feel like

I feel like going out tonight.

 it’s no use, it’s no good, it’s not worth

It’s not worth spending so much money on CDs.

 there’s no point (in)

There’s no point in talking to her.

 have difficulty (in).

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Do you have difficulty in carrying out this project?

- after prepositions

 She left without saying goodbye.

 You can open the bag by cutting along the dotted line.

 They accused me of stealing the money.

be afraid of be good at

be bad at be guilty of

be bored with be interested in

be crazy about be keen on

be fed up with be sorry for

be fond of be tired of

- After some expressions that end in a preposition such as: 3

 I’m not very good at playing tennis.

 Are you really interested in learning history?

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