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SAFARNAMA: GHAIR MULKI ASFAR By Maulana Wahiduddin Khan

first published 1992



© The Islamic Centre, 1992

Published by the Islamic Centre

C-29, Nizamuddin West, New Delhi-I 100t3. Tel.: 61 I 128,697333

Distributed by AL-RISALA Book Centre

I, N izamuddin West Market, New Delhi-I 10 0 13

Printed by Nice Printing Press, Delhi


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INTERNATIONAL HAJJ SEMINAR AND

H JJ IKHIBITID

LONDON 4-7 AUGUST 1982

11am-7pm

t:!W!

L~ 10-. ~

,-.,..."

A UNIQUE OPPORT~NITY

for Muslim children during school holidays

to see films of Makkah, Medina and the Hajj as well as slides depicting the world of Islam.

You and your children can also see

an exhibition of photographs, sketches and books on Islam.

AdmIsSion SOp Chlfdren 20p

SATURDAY, AUGUST 7, 1982 WILL BE A PUBLIC DAY AT THE SEMINAR 2.30 - 6.30pm.

Speakers in English, Arabic and Urdu will Include:

Maulana Waheeduddin Khan, a scholar 110m Dettu. tnaie:

Mohammad Salahuddin, Editor. Jasarat, Ksmctu. Pakistan, Altaf Hassan Qureshi, Edaor. Urdu Digest, Lahore, Pakistan,

Huilat-al-islam Mohammad Husain Fadallallah, a leadina ",hOi., tram Lebanon.

Professor Syed Salman Nadvl

AJ.Haj Sheikh Toure, a scholar of eminence"'" S!n~' Fatima Heeren, a German Muslim autna!.-:t 1000000000q/lst

Arranged by

THE MUSLIM INSTITUTE

6 Endsleigh Street London wei HODS

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Brothers and Sisters in Islam

I am very thankful to you for according me the honour of presiding over this international assembly of Muslim scholars ami preachers. May God help us to carry out His will.

First, I congratulate Dr M.A.Sharief, and the members of the Jarniat Al-Dawah Al- Islamia for affording us the opportunity of having Muslims from all over the world under one roof, discussing matters of Islamic da 'wah.

The most obvious lesson of this universal gathering or Muslims is that Islamic Da'wah is the most certain base of unity among Muslims. Da 'wah is the only issue about which there is no controversy among different sects of Mus I ims; moreover, this is the only field of work where we can enjoy the cooperation of the Muslim rulers of our day. This great conference of Islamic Call is an incontrovertible proof of this.

Let us avail of this opportunity and open a new page of our history, one of unity, of joint effort, and of result-oriented struggle. May Allah bless you and bestow upon you the wisdom which leads to ulLimate success and salvation.

Finally, I would request all the learned speakers to observe the time limiufor specch) and in this too, set an example of Islamic discipline.

Now I request Shaikh Dr Mostafa Al-Hamshary to carryon the proceedings.

Presidential address delivered by Maulana Wahiduddin Khan at the Second Islamic Conference, Tripoli, l Sth August 1982.

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PF. 89. Pristina, Yogoslavia.

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Mr. Chairman and the members of the World Council,

It is really a great pleasure to be with you Muslim brethren from all over the world to discuss matters of Islamic Oawa. Islamic Oawa is, without doubt, the most important issue upon which we can get together. I congratulate Brother Or. M.A. Sharif and the other authorities of Jamiat AI-Oawa on having provided us with this rare opportunity.

This international Islamic gathering symbolizes two great Islamic causes: firstly, united effort and secondly, orientation in the right direction. We can only achieve success by united effort, and Dawa is the only direction in which we should organize our struggle if it is to result in fruitful ends.

I pray God to be with you and bestow His help upon you, so that Islam may regain its former glory.

Now some words on the point of discussion. Brother Said Ali Hussain has rightly pointed out that the basic question is: from where to begin? The answer is: we should begin from literature. Producing literature is the principal task of Islamic Dawa.

At this time, the field of Dawa is open all over the world. But Dawa literature, in the real sense, exists nowhere. The most urgent need of our time is to prepare Islamic literature and to publish it in all the important languages. As our Japanese brother has pointed out, the lack of Islamic literature is the most acute problem of Islamic Dawa at present.

This is the same same method as was followed by the Islamic movement in the early per iod of its history. It is a well-known fact that the first revelation of the Quran was the verse, "Recite; Your Lord is the Most Bountiful One, who by the pen taught man what he did not know." (Quran, 96:3-4) This means that the teaching of God started through the pen, or in other words, through literature, which is the product of the pen.

One might say that there is so much islamic literature. That is true, but it is still not sufficient. Either it is not prepared in contemporary style, or it is not meant as an introduction to Islam, but only as a defence of Islam.

Firstly, we need good and correct translations of Quran and Hadithin all the languages of the world, just as the Chr istians' Holy Book is found in all the prevailing languages of the world.

Then we need a set of books in which Islam is presented simply and scientifically.

Also we need some journals and periodicals in Which Dawa issues all over the world are discussed regularly, and news concerning Islamic Dawa published.

So, the basic task ahead is to produce Dawa literature in every language. Islamic Dawa started from here in the beginning, and it should start from here again.

Thank you.

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nmr~. iftf~-H MINISTRY OF EXTERNAL AFFAI~ I':EW DELHI-II

No.I(i)/162/21/82

Dated 7th January, 1983

The Commercial Manager, Indian Airlines,

New Delhi.

Sir,

Sh. Wahiduddin Khan, President of the Islamic Call and Research Centre has been invited by the M~ldivian Government to participate in a semiqar on the Islamic Call in South and South East Asia to be convened in Kale from 10th to 12th January, 1983.

Shri Khan will be travelling on the Delhi-Madras, Madras-Colombo, Colombo-Male sector starting from Delhi on 9th January, 1983. His ticket on the Madras-colombo sector has not been confirmed so far.

Yours faithfully,

In view of the importance of the meeting which Shri Khan U~B to attend, we would strongly recommend that he be allotted a seat on the Madras-Colombo sector for the date mentioBed above, on a top priority basis.

(R.M. AGGARWAL)

UNDER SECRETARY TO THE GOVT.OF INDIA

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The problem in India is not of an inter-communal character but manifestly of an international one, and it must be treated as such. So long as this basic and fundamental truth is not realized, any constitution that may be built will result in disaster and will prove destructive and harmful not only to the Musalmans but to the British and Hindus also. If the British government are really in earnest and sincere to secure peace and happiness of the people of this sub-continent, the only course opened to us all is to allow the major nations separate. homelands by dividing India into 'autonomous national states; There is no reason why these states should be antagonistic to each other. On the other hand, the rivalry and the natural desire and efforts on the part of one to dominate the social order and establish political supremacy over the other in the government of the country will disappear. It will lead more towards natural goodwill by international pacts between them, and they can live in complete harmony with their neighbours. This will lead to further a friendly settlement all the more easily with regard to minorities by reciprocal arrangments and adjustments he tween Muslim India and Hindu India, which will far more adequately and effectively safeguard the rights and interests of Muslims and various other minorities

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