Agriculture

Definitio
n:
Agricultu
re
correspo
nds to
ISIC
divisions
1-5 and
includes
forestry,
hunting,
and
fishing,
as well
as
cultivatio
n of
crops
and
livestock
productio
n.

Intro
ducti
on:

Agricult
ure
is
central to
economi
c growth
and
develop
ment in
Pakistan.
Being
the
dominan
t sector it
contribut
es 21.4
percent
to GDP,
employs
45
percent
of
the

countrys
labor
force and
contribut
es in the
growth
of other
sectors
of
the
economy
.
The
healthy
expansio
n
in
agricultu
re
stimulate
s
domestic
demand
for
industria
l goods
and other
services
and
supplyin
g
raw
material
to agrobased
industry
notably
cotton
textile
industry
which is
the
largest
subsecto
r
of
manufact
uring
sector.
The
governm
ent under

paradig
m of the
new
growth
strategy
envision
ed
to
enhance
growth
in
agricultu
re sector
by
facilitati
ng
agricultu
re
producti
vity
sustainab
le
environ
ment,
increasin
g
competit
iveness
in
agricultu
re
marketin
g
and
trade by
providin
g
friendly
climate
for more
investme
nt in the
sector.
However
,
draft
tenth 5
years
plan also
envisage
s
improvin
g
the
producti

vity,
profitabil
ity
competit
iveness
and
environ
mental
sustainab
ility of
agricultu
re.

Pakista
n
Agricul
tureBasic
Facts:

T
h
e
to
ta
l
ar
e
a
of
P
a
ki
st
a
n
is
a
p
pr
o
xi
m
at
el
y
8
0
m
ill
io
n
h
e
ct
ar
es
o
ut
of
w
hi
c
h

a
b
o
ut
5
8
m
ill
io
n
h
e
ct
ar
es
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
s
ur
v
e
y
e
d
s
o
fa
r
b
y
th
e
S
oi
l
S
ur
v
e
y
of
P
a
ki
st
a
n

A
c
c
or
di
n
g
to
th
e
m
,
th

e
ar
e
a
u
n
d
er
c
ul
ti
v
at
io
n
is
2
3
m
ill
io
n
h
e
ct
ar
es
(4
0
%
)
o
ut
of
w
hi
c
h
n
e
ar
ly
1
9
m
ill
io
n
h
e
ct
ar
es
is
ir
ri
g
at
e
d;
th
e
re
st
is
u
nir

ri
g
at
e
d

T
h
e
ar
e
a
u
n
d
er
fo
re
st
is
4
m
ill
io
n
h
e
ct
ar
es
(7
%
)
a
n
d
th
e
b
al
a
n
c
e
s
ur
v
e
y
e
d
ar
e
a
8
m
ill
io
n
h
e
ct
ar
es
c
a
n
b

e
cl
as
si
fi
e
d
as
th
e
c
ul
ti
v
a
bl
e
w
as
te

C
o
u
pl
e
d
w
it
h
s
ui
ta
bl
e
cl
i
m
at
e
a
n
d
a
v
ai
la
bi
lit
y
of
fa
ir
ly
g
o
o
d
w
at
er
re

s
o
ur
c
es
,
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
re
h
as
b
e
e
n
th
e
m
aj
or
a
ct
iv
it
y
fo
r
c
e
nt
ur
ie
s
in
th
is
p
ar
t
of
th
e
w
or
ld
.

A
gr
ic
ul
tu
re
se
ct
or
of
P
a
ki
st
a
n
c
o

m
pr
is
es
fo
ur
se
ct
or
sli
v
es
to
c
k,
cr
o
p,
fo
re
st
a
n
d
fi
s
h
er
ie
s.

D
ur
in
g
2
0
1
21
3,
a
gr
o
w
th
of
3.
3
%
o
n
th
e
b
a
c
k
of
p
o
si
ti
v
e
gr
o

w
th

C
ro
p
s
gr
e
w
at
3.
2
p
er
c
e
nt
.
L
iv
es
to
c
k
3.
7
p
er
c
e
nt
.

F
or
es
tr
y
0.
1
p
er
c
e
nt

a
n
d
Fi
s
hi
n
g
0.
7
p
er
c
e
nt
.

L
iv

es
to
c
k
c
o
nt
ri
b
ut
es
5
2
%
of
th
e
to
ta
l
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
re
pr
o
d
u
ct
io
n
w
hi
le
cr
o
p
se
ct
or
a
d
d
s
4
6
%
to
it
o
ut
of
w
hi
c
h
th
e
c
o
nt
ri
b
ut
io
n

of
m
aj
or
cr
o
p
s
is
3
5
%
a
n
d
m
in
or
cr
o
p
s
is
1
3
%
.

Fi
s
h
er
ie
s
c
o
nt
ri
b
ut
e
le
ss
th
a
n
1
%
a
n
d
fo
re
st
ry
c
o
nt
ri
b
ut
es
m
or
e
th
a
n

1
%
.
As the
performa
nce
of
agricultu
re sector
dependen
t
upon
weather
condition
, timely
availabili
ty
of
input
(water).
During
2012-13
weather
condition
and
water
situation
has
an
impact
on these
Kharif
crops
that
paved
the way
for
decrease
in output
of
rice
and
cotton
crops.

18

Pakistan Economic Survey 2012-13

Table 2.1: Agriculture

growth percentages
(Base=2005-06)
Sector
Agriculture
Crops
i) Important Crops
ii) Other Crops
iii)Cotton Ginning
Livestock
Forestry
Fishing
Source: Pakistan Bureau
of Statistics
P:Provisional

2006-07
3.4
4.4
6.5
2.1
-0.8
2.8
2.7
0.4

2007-08
1.8
-1.0
-4.1
6.0
-7.0
3.6
8.9
8.5

2008-09
3.5
5.2
8.4
0.5
1.3
2.2
2.6
2.6

Other crops that contributed 12.3 percent value

addition in agriculture witnessed a positive growth
of 6.7 percent in 2012-13 against negative growth of
7.7 percent during the same period last year. The
cotton ginning under new base 2005-06 has been
included in agriculture value addition showed a
negative growth of 2.9 percent in 2012-13 against
the positive growth of 13.8 percent during the same
period last year. The Livestock sector which has a
55.4 percent share in the agriculture grew by 3.7
percent in 2012-13. The Fishing sector grew by 0.7
percent as against last years positive growth of 3.8
percent. Forestry sector posted a nominal growth of
0.1 percent this year as compared to positive growth
of 1.7 percent last year.
Pakistan has two crop seasons, "Kharif" being the
first sowing season starting from April-June and

2009-10
0.2
-4.2
-3.7
-7.2
7.3
3.8
-0.1
1.4

2010-11
2.0
1.0
1.5
2.3
-8.5
3.4
4.8
-15.2

Kharif

Average system usage

2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
Source: Indus River System Authority

Total
36.4
23.1
30.1
31.2
27.9
24.9
25.0
34.6
29.4
31.9

19

Agriculture

I. Crop
Situation

Rabi
67.1
59.1
70.8
63.1
70.8
66.9
67.3
53.4
60.4
57.7

Important
crops, such

2012-13
3.3
3.2
2.3
6.7
-2.9
3.7
0.1
0.7

harvested
during
October-December.
Rice,
sugarcane, cotton, maize, moong, mash, bajra and
jowar are Kharif" crops. "Rabi", the second sowing
season, begins as on October-December and is
harvested in April-May. Wheat, gram, lentil
(masoor), tobacco, rapeseed, barley and mustard are
"Rabi" crops. The crops performance is dependent
upon timely availability of irrigation water. During
2012-13, the availability of water as an essential
input for Kharif 2012 was 14 percent less than the
normal supplies but to compare with Kharif 2011, it
was 4.4 percent less. The water availability during
Rabi season 2012-13 was estimated 31.9 MAF,
which was 12.4 percent less than the normal
availability, but 8.5 percent higher than last years
Rabi crop (Table 2.2).

Table 2.2: Actual Surface Water Availability

Period

2011-12
3.5
2.9
7.4
-7.7
13.8
3.9
1.7
3.8

(Million Acre Feet)

%age incr/decr.
Over the Avg.
103.5
82.2
- 20.6
100.9
- 2.5
94.3
- 8.9
98.7
- 4.6
91.8
-11.3
92.3
-10.8
88.0
-15.0
89.8
-13.2
89.6
-13.4

as wheat,
rice,
maize,
cotton and
sugarcane
account for
25.2
percent of
the value
added in
overall
agriculture
and
5.4
percent to
GDP. The
other crops
account f
or
12.3
percent of
the value

Added in
overall
agriculture.
Livestock
contributes
55.4 per
cent to
agricultural
value
added
much more

than the combined contribution

other crops
(37.6 percent).
performance of important crops
2.3.

of

important and
The production
is given in Table

Table 2.3: Production of Important Crops

Cotton
Year
Sugarcane
(000 bales)
12,856
54,7 42
2006-07
11,655
63,9 20
2007-08
(-9.3)
(16.8)
11,819
50,0 45
2008-09
(1.4)
(-21.7)
12,914
49,3 73
2009-10
(9.3)
(-1.3)
11,460
55,3 09
2010-11
(-11.3)
(12.0)
13,595
58,3 97
2011-12
(18.6)
(5.6)
13,026
62,4 72
2012-13 (P)
(-4.2)
(7.0)
Source: Pakistan Bureau of
Statistics
P: Provisional (JulyMarch), Figures in
parentheses are
growth/decline rates

a
)
I
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
C
r
o
p
s
i
)

C
o
t
t
o
n
:
Pakistans
economy
depends
heavily on
Cotton
crop which
significantl
y
contributes
by
providing
raw
material to
the textile
industry,
such
as
cotton lint
as
an
export
item.
It

(in thousands of ton es)

Rice
5,438
5,563
(2.3)
6,952
(25.0)
6,883
(-1.0)
4,823
(-29.9)
6,160
(27.7)
5,541
(-10.0)

Maize
3,088
3,605
(16.7)
3,593
(-0.3)
3,261
(-9.2)
3,707
(13.7)
4,338
(17.0)
4,631
(6.8)

Wheat
2 3,295
2 0,959
(-10.0)
2 4,033
(14.7)
2 3,311
(-3.0)
2 5,214
(8.2)
2 3,473
(-6.9)
2 4,231
(3.2)

accounts
for
7.0
percent of
value
added in
agriculture
and
1.5
percent of
GDP.
During
2012-13,
the
crop
was sown
on an area
of
2879
thousand
hectares,
1.6 percent
more than
last year

Last year.
In credible
time
localized
monsoon
also
affected
the crops
in Punjab
and Sindh.
The area,
production
and yield
of cotton
for the last
five years
is shown
in Table
2.4
and
Figure
2.1.
(2835 thousand hectares) . The production of 13.

million bales during the period 2012- 13 against the

Figure
target of 14.5 million
bales resulted in decline of
2.1:
10.3 percent against
the target and d crease of 4.
Cotton
Produ
Percent
ction
over
the
(000
preceding
bales)
year
production
14000
which was
13500
13.6
13000
million
bales. Mild
12500
attack of
12000
Trips,
white fly
11500
and Cotton
11000
Leaf Cur l
08-09
09- 10
10-11
Virus (CL
Source: P BS
C
V)
adversely
affected
the
reduction
of cotton
boll which
affected
the
production
and yield
per hectare
a
s
compared
to
Table 2.4: Area,

11-12

12-13( P)

Production and Yield o f

Cotton
Area
(000 Hectare)
2008-09
2820
2009-10
3106
2010-11
2689
2011-12
2835
2012-13(P)
2879
Source: Pakista n Bureau
of Statistics
P: Provisional (JulyMarch)
Year

20

% Change

Pakistan Economic Survey

10.1
-13.4
5.4
1.6

Production
(000 Bales)
% Change
11819
12914
9.3
11460
-11.3
13595
18.6
13026
-4.2

2012-13

World Cotton Outlook

The product ion and consumption of

growing countries are given in Tab le 2.5.

major Cotton

Table 2.5: Production and Consumption of Major Cot ton Growing Countries
2010-1 1 E
201 1-12 E
Production
China
6.40
India
5.86
USA
3.94
Pakistan
1.91
Brazil
1.96
Uzbekistan
0.91
Others
4.38
World Total
25.36
Consumption
China
10.19
India
4.30
Pakistan
2.39
East Asia/Australia
1.89
Europe & Tur key
1.60
Brazil
1.02
USA
0.77
Others
3.34
World Total
25.52
Source: Pakistan Central
Cotton Committee, M/o
Textile Industry
E: Estimated, P:
Provisional

ii)
Sugarcan
e:
Sugarcane
c
rop
occupies
an importa
nt position
in national
eco nomy
in ord er to
drive th e

large sugar
industry. It
a
lso
provides r
aw
materials
to
clip
board
,
paper and e
thanol. Its
share
in
value
added in

Yield
(Kgs/Hec)
% Cha nge
713
707
-0.8
725
2.5
816
12.6
769
-5.8

(Million Tonnes)
2 012-13 P
7. 40
6. 00
3. 39
2. 29
1. 88
0. 88
5. 60
27.44

7.30
5.61
3.70
2.09
1.30
1.00
5.00
2 6.01

8. 63
4. 35
2. 10
1. 64
1. 49
0. 88
0. 71
2. 87
22.78

8.29
4.70
2.44
1.83
1.51
0.89
0.74
2.98
2 3.41

agriculture
and GDP is
3.2 and 0.7
percent,
respectivel
y.
Sugarcane
c rop was
cu ltivated
on an area
of
1124
thousand
hectares,
6.2 percent
more than
last yea rs
area of 10
58
thousand
hectares.
The
production
o
f
sugarcane
for the yea
r 2012-13
is reported
at
62.5
million to
nnes,
against the
target 59
millions
ton nes set
for 201213 shows a
healthy
performan
ce of 5.9
perce
nt
and to com
pare last
year which
was 58.4
million
tonnes,
depicts an
increase

good
manageme
nt of crops
a
nd
application

of 7.0 perc ent. The ma in factors

higher produ ction where more area
cultivation
d ue to
econom ic
returns
received
by
the
growers,

of balan
ce doze of
inputs.
The ar ea,
productio
n
and
yield
of
sugarcane
for the last
fiv e years
is giv en
in Table 2.
6
and
Figure 2.2.

Sugar
cane
Produ
ction
(0 00
Tonne
s)
65000
60000
55000
50000
45000
08-09

Fig2.2:

0 9-10

10-11

11-12 12-1 3(P)

Source: P BS

Table 2.6: Area,

Productio n and Yield o f
Sugarcane
Area
Production
(000 He ctare)
% C hange
(0 00 Tonnes)
% Change
2008-09
1029
50045
2009-10
943
-8.4
49373
-1.3
2010-11
988
4.8
55309
12.0
2011-12
1058
7.1
58397
5.6
2012-13(P)
1124
6.2
62472
7.0
Source: Pakistan Bureau of
Statistics
P: Provisional (JulyMarch)
Year

Agric ulture

iii) Rice:
Rice is an
i mportant
cash crop
of
the
country.
Rice
production
c omprises
40 percent
of
B
asmati
(Fine) type
and
60
percent of
coarse
types. Rice
ranks
as
second
amo ngst
the st aple

21
food grain
crop
in
Pakistan
and it has
been
a
major sou
rce
of
foreign
exchange
ea rnings
in rece nt
years. Pak
istan grows
a
high
quality of
rice to fu
lfill
the
dom estic
demand

and also for exports. Ri ce accounts 2.7 percent of

the value added in agriculture and 0 .6 percent of
GDP. Rice sowing area is estima ted at 2311

Yield
(Kgs/Hec.)
% Change
48 634
52 357
7.7
55 981
6.9
55 196
-1.4
55 580
0.7

monsoon
thousand hectares,
10.1 percent less th an last
rain
and
area
of
late
2571
thousand
receding
hectares.
of water
Prod
period in
uction of rice fields
the crop is prolong ed
estim ated the
so
at
5541 wing. The
thousand t
area,
onnes,
producti
agains t
and
the target of on
yield
of
performance
rice
for
year production
the
last
shows a decrease
five
years
decreased du e to
are shown
in Table
2.7
and
Figure 2.3.
Fig-2 .
3: Rice
Produc
tion
(000
Tonnes
)
7000
6500
6000
5500
5000
4500
08-09

0 9-10

10-11

11-12 12-1 3(P)

Source: P BS

Table 2.7: Area,

Productio n and Yield o f
Rice
Area
Production
(000 Hect are)
% Ch ange
(00 0 Tonnes)
% Change
2008-09
2963
6952
2009-10
2883
-2.7
6883
-1.0
2010-11
2365
-18.0
4823
-29.9
2011-12
2571
8.7
6160
27.7
2012-13(P)
2311
-10.1
5541
-10.0
Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
P: Provisional (JulyMarch)
Year

iv)
Wheat:

Yield
(Kgs/Hec. )
% Change
23 46
23 87
1.7
20 39
-14.6
23 96
17.5
23 98
0.1

Wheat is t
he
essential
diet of po
pulation
and
occupies a
ce
ntral
positio n in
agricultura
l policies
of
the
governm e
nt. The gov
ernment
announced
whea
t
support
price
of
Rs. 1200
which
created
interest on
the part of
f arming
comm
unity.
Wheat
contributes
10.1
percent to
the value
added in a
griculture
and
2.2
percent t o
GDP. Are a
under
whea
t
increased
to
8693
thousand
hectares in
2012-13,
from 8650
thousand
hectares
showing an
increased
of
0.5
percent
over last
years ar
ea.
The
produ ction
stood a t
24.2

million
tonnes
during
2012-13,
against the
target
of
25.5
millions
tonnes
which is
5.1 percen
t decrease
whi le an
increa se
of 3.2 per
cent over
the
last
year
pro
duction of
2
3.5
million
tonnes has
been
witnessed.
T he yield
per
h
ectare in
20 12-13
stood a t
2787
(Kgs
/
Hec)
posted
a
positive
growth of
2.7 percent
as
compared
to
ne
gative 4.2
percent
growth last
year. T he
overall
increase in
area due to

enhance
ment
in
support
price from
Rs 10 50
to
Rs.1200.T
his
was
further
suppor ted
by favou
rable
temperatur
e and he
althy grain
formation.
The
position is
given in T
able 2.8
and Figure
2.4.
Fig 2 .
4:
Wheat
Produ
ction
(000
Tonnes
)
27000
25000
23000
21000
19000
17000

Source: P BS

22

Pakistan Eco nomic Survey 2012-13

Table 2.8: Area, Productio n and Yield o f Wheat

Area
Year
(000 hect ares)
% C hange
2008-09
9046
2009-10
9132
1.0
2010-11
8901
-2.5
2011-12
8650
-2.8
2012-13(P)
8693
0.5
Source: Pakista n Bureau
of Statistics
P:Provisional(J ulyMarch)

v) Maize:

Production
(000 tonnes)
% Change
24033
23311
-3.0
25214
8.2
23473
-6.9
24231
3.2

area to Hyb rid varieties of seeds nd favorable

weather con dition that has enhanced yield of the

Maize is
contributes
agriculture
cultivated on
2012-13 less
1087 thousand
witnessed 4 631
against last
year
productio n
of 4338 th
ousand
tonnes
suggesting
a
n
increase of
6.8 percent
over
the
las t year.
The yield
per hectare
in 201213 stood at
4268
(Kgs /Hec)
p o sted a
positi ve
growth of
6.9 percent
as
compared
to
4.9
percen
t
growth la
st
year.
The
production
in creased
due to the
conversion
of more

Yield
(Kgs /Hec.)
% Cha nges
2 657
2 553
-3.9
2 833
11.0
2 714
-4.2
2 787
2.7

crop. The
position is
presented
in Table 2.
9 and
Figure 2 5.

Tonnes)
5500
4500
3500
2500

Fig 2.5 :
Maize
Producti
on (000

1500
08-09

0 9-10

10-11

11-12

12-1 3(P)

Source: PBS

Table 2.9: Area,

Productio n and Yield o f
Maize
Area
Production
(000 hect ares)
% C hange
(000 tonnes)
% Change
2008-09
1052
3593
2009-10
935
-11.1
3261
-9.2
2010-11
974
4.2
3707
13.7
2011-12
1087
11.6
4338
17.0
2012-13(P)
1085
-0.2
4631
6.8
Source: Pakista n Bureau
of Statistics
P:Provisional(J ulyMarch)
Year

b) Other
Cr ops
During
2012 -13,
the
production
of Gra m,
the larges t
Rabi
pulses crop
in
Pakistan,
stood
at
673
thousand
tonnes,
agai
nst
284
thousand
tonnes of
last yea r,
showing an
increase of
a
bout
137.0
ercent due
to increase
in area and
favorable

weat her
condition ,
while
production
of
Bajra
increased
2.0 percen
t.

Yield
(Kgs /Hec.)
% Cha nges
3 415
3 487
2.1
3 806
9.1
3 991
4.9
4 268
6.9

This is in
contrast to
other
c
rops like
Jawar,
Rapesee d
&
Mustard,
Barley and
Tobacco
sho wed a
decline i n
production
of 10.9 per
cent, 6.7
percent,
6.1 perce
nt and 1.0

p ercent,
respec
tively, in
20 12-13
as
compared
to the c
orrespondi
ng period
last year.
The area
and
production
of other
crops are
giv en in
Table 2.
10.

Table 2.10: Area and

Prod uction of Oth er
Kharif and Rabi Crops
20 11-12
Area
Producti on
( 000 hectares)
(000 tonnes)

Crops

Bajra
Jawar

458
214

304
137

2012-13 ( P)
Area
P roduction
(000 hectares)
( 000 tonnes)
461
197

% Chang e in
production over
Last year

310
122

Agriculture

2.0
-10.9

23

Table 2.10: Area and Production of Other Kharif and Rabi Crops
2011-12
2012-13 (P)
% Change in
Crops
Area
Production
Area
Production
production over
(000 hectares)
(000 tonnes)
(000 hectares)
(000 tonnes)
Last year
1,008
Gram
284
985
673
137.0
Barley
72
66
71
62
-6.1
Rapeseed & Mustard
201
164
219
153
-6.7
Tobacco
46
98
45
97
-1.0
Source: Pakistan Bureau of
Statistics
P: Provisional (JulyMarch)

i)
Oilseeds
The major
oilseed
crops
include
cottonseed
,
sunflower,
canola and
rapeseed /
mustard.
Although

the cotton
crop
is
grown for
its
lint,
cottonseed
contribute
s 50 to 60
percent to
local
edible oil
production
. During
the year
2011-12,

the total
availabilit
y of edible
oil
was
2.748
million
tonnes.
Local
production
of edible
oil
is
remained
0.636
million
tonnes
while
imports
were
2.148
million

tonnes.
The
import bill
during
2011-12
stood at
Rs. 216.4
billion
(US$
2.426
billion).
During the
year 201213 (JulyMarch),
1.738
million
tonnes of
edible oil
valued at
Rs. 153.3
billion
(US$
1.595
billion) has
been
imported.
The local
production
during
2012-13
(July
-March)
was 0.612
million
tonnes.
Total
availability
of edible
oil from all
sources is
provisional
ly
estimated
at
2.35
million
tonnes
during
2012-13
(July
-March).
The area
and
production
of oilseed

crops is in

Table 2.11.

Table 2.11: Area and

Production of Major
Oilseed Crops
Crops

Area
(000 Acres)

Cottonseed
Rapeseed/ Mustard
Sunflower
Canola
Total
Source: Pakistan Oilseed
Development Board
P: Provisional (July-Mar)

6,958
575
877
27
8,437

2011-12
Production
Seed
Oil
(000 Tonnes) (000 Tonnes)
3,212
385
203
61
473
179
30
11
3,918
636

Area
(000 Acres)
7,143
452
700
30
8,325

2012-13 (P)
Production
Seed
Oil
(000 Tonnes) (000 Tonnes)
3,393
407
158
51
378
144
18
10
3,947
612

The production of
Chillies and Potatoes
increased by 218.4
percent
and
11.0
percent,
respectively
during,
2012-13.
However,
the
production of Masoor
(Lentil), Onions, Mung
and Mash decreased by
11.8
percent,
9.2
percent 4.0 percent and
2.8
percent,
respectively requiring
more area to be sown in
order
to
increase
production for meeting
the local demand as a
large segment of the
population use it as a
source of nutritious
diet. There was an
increase in area of
chillies that increased
by 128.8 percent. The
area and production of
other crops are given in
Table 2.12.
Table: 2.12 Area and
Production of Other
Crops
Crops
Masoor
Mung
Mash
Potatoes
Onions
Chillies

2011-12
Area
Production
(000 hectares)
(000 tonnes)
22.8
11.0
140.8
93.0
24.5
10.9
185.0
3393.0
129.7
1692.3
27.4
47.2

2012-13(P)
% Change In
Area
Production
Production
(000 hectares)
(000 tonnes)
19.6
9.7
-11.8
136.1
89.3
-4.0
23.2
10.6
-2.8
172.0
3767.2
11.0
124.0
1536.5
-9.2
62.7
150.3
218.4

Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics

P: Provisional (JulyMarch)

24

Pakistan Economic Survey 2012-13

I
I
.
F
a
r
m
I
n
p
u
t
s
i
)
F
e
r
t
i
l
i
z
e
r
:

Fertilizer
is the most
important
and
expensive
input.

Contributi
on
of
balanced
fertilizatio
n towards
increased
yield
is
from 30 to
50 percent
in
different
crop
production
regions of
the
country.
One kg of
fertilizer
nutrient
produces
about 8 kg
of cereals
(wheat,
maize and
rice), 2.5
kg
of
cotton and
114 kg of
stripped
sugarcane.
Almost
hundred
percent
soils
in
Pakistan
are
deficient
in
nitrogen,
80 to 90
percent
are
deficient
in
phosphoru
s and 30
percent in
potassium.
Wide
spread
deficiency
of

micronutri
ents
are
also
appearing
in
different
areas. Soil
fertility is
continuou
sly
depleting
due
to
mining of
essential
plant
nutrients
from the
soils under
intensive
cultivation
.
Kharif
2012
started
with
inventory
of
800
thousand
tonnes of
urea. Total
availabilit
y of urea
(including
511
thousand
tonnes of
imported
supplies,
2068
thousand
tonnes of
domestic
production
)
was
about
3379
thousand
tonnes
against the
offtake of
2689
thousand
tonnes,
leaving
inventory
of
684
thousand

tonnes for
Rabi
2012-13.
Availabilit
y of DAP
was 773
thousand
tonnes
comprisin
g
177
thousand
tonnes of
inventory,
243
thousand
tonnes of
imported
supplies
and 353
thousand
tonnes of
local
production
.
DAP
offtake
was 544
thousand
tonnes
leaving an
inventory
of
227
thousand
tonnes.
The left
over
of
this season
was
to
meet the
requireme
nts of the
Rabi
2012-13.
Rabi 201213 started
with
inventory
of 684
thousand

tonnes of
urea. Total
availabilit
y of urea
(including
288
thousand
tonnes of
imported
supplies,
2114
thousand
tonnes of
domestic
production
)
was
about
3086
thousand
tonnes
against the
offtake of
2855
thousand
tonnes,
leaving
inventory
of
220
thousand
tonnes of
Kharif
2013.
Availabilit
y of DAP
was 903
thousand
tonnes
comprisin
g of 227
thousand
tonnes of
inventory,
327
thousand
tonnes of
imported
supplies
and 349
thousand
tonnes of
local
production
.
DAP
offtake
was 700
thousand
tonnes
leaving an

inventory
of
197
thousand
tonnes.
The left
over
of
this season
will
be
transferred
to
next
season
that will
help meet
the
requireme
nts of the
coming
Kharif
2013.
Kharif
2013
began with
220
thousand
tonnes of
opening
inventory.
With 2,600
thousand
tonnes of
domestic
production
and
190
thousand
tonnes of
imported
supplies,
total
available
urea would
be about
3,010
thousand
tonnes.
The
estimated
offtake
during
Kharif
2013
is
expected to
be around
2,800
thousand
tonnes,
leaving
behind an

inventory
of
210
thousand
tonnes for
next Rabi
season.
The
domestic
production
of urea is
estimated
on
the
assumption
that urea
plants at
SNGPL
network
will
operate on
40 percent
of
their
capacity.
As regards
DAP, total
availability
is
estimated
to be 562
thousand
tonnes for
the
upcoming
Kharif
2013,
which

includes
opening
inventory
of
197
thousand
tonnes and
domestic
production
of
365
thousand
tonnes.
The
expected
offtake is
600
thousand
tonnes.
Hence, a
deficit of
38
thousand
tonnes of
DAP will
be covered
through
imported
supplies by
private
sector.
Details of
fertilizer
situation is
given
in
Table 2.13.

Table 2.13: Fertilizer Situation

Description
Opening stock
Imports
Domestic production
Total availability
Offtake/Demand
Closing stock
S
o
u
r
c
e
:
N
a
t

Kharif (Apr-Sep)
2012
Urea
DAP
800
511
2068
3379
2689
684

177
243
353
773
544
227

Rabi ( Oct-Mar)
2012-13
Urea
DAP
684
227
288
327
2114
349
3086
903
2855
700
220
197

(000 Tonnes)
Kharif (Apr-Sep)*
2013
Urea
DAP
220
197
190
2600
365
3010
562
2800
600
210
-38

i
o
n
a
l
F
e
r
t
i
l
i
z
e
r
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
C
e
n
t
e
r
*
:
O
u
t
l
o
o
k

ii)
Improved
Seed:
Quality
seed plays
a pivotal
role
in
boosting
agricultura
l
production
both
in

market
oriented
and
subsistenc
e farming
system.
Seed has
the unique
position
among
various
agricultura
l
inputs
because

the
effectiven
ess of all
other
inputs
mainly
depends

on
the
potential
of
the
seeds.
Seed is a
high
technolog
y product
and is an
innovation
most
readily
adapted.
Improving
access to
good
quality of
seed is a
critical
requireme
nt
for
sustainabl
e
agricultura
l growth
and food
security.
Effective
use
of
improved/
certified
seed can
result in
higher
agricultura
l
production
and
increases
the
net
income

Agriculture

which
has
a
positive
impact
on rural
develop
ment.
Hence,
availabil
ity
of
quality
seed of
improve
d
varieties
is
essential
to
achieve
the
producti
on
targets.
During
JulyMarch,
2012-13
about
319.2
thousand
tonnes
of
improve
d seeds
of
various
Kharif/R
abi
crops
were
procured
.
The
procure
ment of
seeds for
various
Kharif
crops
(cotton,
paddy,
maize,
mungbe

25
an, etc)
is under
progress.
The
detail of
this
procure
ment is
given in
Table
2.14.
The
Federal
Seed
Certifica
tion and
Registrat
ion
Departm
ent
(FSC&R
D)
is
engaged
in
providin
g seed
certificat
ion
to
public
and
private
sector
compani
es.
It
provides
seed
quality
control
services
through
its
28
seed
testing
laborator
ies and
monitor
seed
quality
in
the
market
as well.
The
activities
/
achieve

ments of
the
departm
ent
during
JulyMarch,
2012-13
is briefly
given
below:

Duri
ng
the
year
JulyMar
ch,
2012
-13,
only
three
(03)
new
seed
com
pani
es
were
regis
tered
raisi
ng
the
total
num
ber
of
regis
tered
seed
com
pani
es in
the
coun
try
to
766
inclu
ding
thes
e
priv
ate
seed
s

com
pani
es
four
are
publ
ic
sect
or
and
five
mult
inati
onal
s.

Duri
ng
July
Mar
ch,
201
213,
496.
0
thou
sand
acre
s of
diffe
rent
crop
s
were
insp
ecte
d for
certi
ficat
ion
purp
oses.
A
total
quan
tity
of
319.
2
thou
sand
MT
seed
s of
vari
ous
crop
s
were
sam
pled
and
teste
d for
purit
y,
ger
min
atio

n
and
healt
h
purp
oses.
Pre
and
post
cont
rol
trial
s of
all
prebasi
c,
basi
c
seed
s
lots
and
20
perc
ent
of
certi
fied
seed
s
lots
were
carri
ed
out
in
the
field
s to
dete
rmin
e the
qual
ity
of
seed
s
distr
ibut
ed
by
vari
ous
seed
agen
cies.

Und
er
the
prov
ision
of
Seed
Act
Enfo
rce
men
t, 17
case
s
were
filed
in
diffe
rent
Cou
rts
of
Law
agai
nst
the
seed
deal
ers
foun
d
selli
ng
subs
tand
ard
seed
s.
Imp
orte
d
seed
s of
vari
ous
crop
s/hy
brid
s to
the
tune
of
22.5
thou
sand
MT
with

a
total
valu
e of
Rs.
533
9.1
milli
on
was
teste
d
unde
r
Seed
(Tru
thinLab
elin
g)
Rule
s,
199
1
duri
ng
the
year
at
the
port
of
entr
y i.e.
Lah
ore
and
Kara
chi.
Alm
ost
391
sam
ples
of
seed
s
and
prop
agati
ng
mate
rials
of
vari
ous
crop

s/ve
geta
bles
and
fruit
s
were
teste
d at
the
Cent
ral
Seed
Testi
ng
Lab
orat
ory,
Isla
mab
ad
for
dete

ctio
n of
fung
al
and
viral
dise
ases
usin
g
lates
t
diag
nosi
s
tech
niqu
es
and
prot
ocol
s.

Table 2.14: Seed Availability*

Crop
Loca
Wheat
Cotton
Paddy
Maize
Pulses
Oilseeds
Fodders
Vegetables
Potato
Total
Source: Federal Seed Certification & Registrati
* : Provisional ( July-March 2012-13)

iv)
Irrigati
on
Water is
an
importan
t input to
achieve
the
agricultu
re
growth
and
is
consider
ed to be
the
lifeline
of
agricultu

re
activities
.
Pakistan
has
a
good
irrigation
canal
network
but
temperat
ures and
rainfalls
during
sowing
and
harvestin
g season
has
its
own

unique
importan
ce.
Rainfall
recorded
during
the
monsoon

and
winter
season is
given in
Table
2.16.

Table 2.16: Rainfall* Recorded During 2012-13

Normal**
Actual
Shortage (-)/excess (+)
% Shortage (-)/excess (+)
Source: Pakistan Meteorological Department
*: Area weighted
**: Revised Long Period Normal (1961-2010)

Monsoon Rainfall*
(Jul-Sep) 2012
140.9 mm
181.4 mm
(+) 40.5 mm
(+) 28.7 %

During the monsoon season (July- September), the

normal average rainfall was 140.9 mm, while the
actual rainfall received in 2012 was 181.4 mm,
indicating an increase of 28.7 percent. During winter
(January-March), normal average rainfall was 74.3
mm and the actual rainfall received in 2013 was
109.5 mm, indicating an increase of 47.4 percent
under the normal rainfall average.

During 2012-13, in the light of New Growth Strategy

and guiding principles an integrated water resources
management approach with equity, efficiency,
participatory decision making, sustainability and
accountability has been adopted to address the water
sectors issues. The strategy was aimed to accord
priority to investments in the water sector to achieve
additional water storages and reorganization for
effective and responsive institutional reforms.
Considering water demand for irrigation, domestic and
industrial, water availability is continuously
diminishing. The challenge is to formulate and
effective implementation of a comprehensive set of
measures for the development and efficient
management of water resources. The main water
sectors public and private investments

(in Millimetres)
Winter Rainfall*
(Jan-Mar) 2013
74.3 mm
109.5 mm
(+) 35.2 mm
(+) 47.4 %

The canal head withdrawals in Kharif (AprilSeptember) 2012, decreased by 4 percent and stood
at 57.7 million acre feet (MAF) as compared to 60.4
MAF during the same period last year. During the
second planting season, Rabi (October-March)
2012-13, the canal head withdrawals increased by 8
percent and stood at 31.9 MAF, compared to 29.4
MAF during the same period of last year. The
province-wise detail is shown in Table 2.17.

Table 2.17: Canal Head Withdrawals (Below Rim Station)

Kharif
Kharif
% Change in
Rab
Provinces
(Apr-Sep)
(Apr-Sep)
Kharif 2012
(Oct-M
2011
2012
over 2011
2011Punjab
34.29
29.75
-13
Sindh
23.29
25.42
9
KPK
0.96
0.95
-1
Balochistan
1.86
1.62
-13
Total
60.40
57.74
-4

areas are:

a. Augmentation of surface water resources by

construction of water storage small/medium
dams.

b. Conservation measures (lining of irrigation

channels, modernizing/rehabilitating of irrigation system, lining of watercourses) and
efficiency enhancement through rehabilitation
and better operation of existing system.

c. Protection of infrastructure from onslaught of

floods and water logging and salinity.
It is expected that Rs. 35.0 billion would be utilized
on the water sectors programmes. The major water
sector projects are shown in Table 2.18.

Table: 2.18: Major Water Sector Projects under Implementation

Projects
Location
Total
Live
Irrigated
Latest Status
App.cost
Storage
Area
(2012-13)
(Rs. In
(MAF)
(Acres)
million)
Gomal Zam Dam
Khyber
12,829
0.892
1,63,100
More than 85 % Physically
Pakhtunkhwa
completed
Rainee Canal
Sindh
18,862
412,400
More than 96 % Physically
( Phases-I)
completed Phase-I
Kachhi Canal
Balochistan
31,204
713,000 65 % Physically completed Phase( Phases-I)
I
Satpara Dam
Skardu
4,480
0.05
15,536
Physically completed
Multipurpose
(17.3 MW
Power Gen.)
Darwat Dam
Sindh
9,300
121,790
47,000 About 80 % Physically completed
(Ac.Ft)
Nai Gaj Dam
Sindh
26,236
160,000
28,800 Physical work on main dam not
(Ac.Ft)
(4.2 MW
started yet
Power Gen.)
Naulong Dam
Balochistan
18,028
200,000
47,000 Physical work on main dam not
(Ac.Ft)
started yet
Right Bank Outfall
Drain (RBOD)
RBOD-I
Sindh
14,707
542,500
88% Physically Completed
RBOD-II
Sindh
29,014
65% Physically Completed
RBOD-III
Balochistan
6,535
694,796
85 % Physically Completed
Source: Planning Commission of Pakistan

III. Livestock and Poultry

a) Livestock

uplifting the socio-economic condition of our rural

masses.

The livestock sector occupies a unique position in the

National Agenda of economic development .The sector
provides net source of foreign earnings. Historically
livestock has been dominated by small holders to meet
their needs of milk, food security and cash income on
daily basis. Moreover, livestock is considered a source
of employment generation at rural level, helping to
reduce income variability. It is central to the livelihood
of the rural poor in the country and can play an
important role in poverty alleviation and keep in

Livestock contributed approximately 55.4 percent to

the agricultural value added and 11.9 percent to
national GDP during 2012-13, against 55.3 percent
and 11.9 percent during the same period last year.
Gross value addition of the livestock sector at
constant cost factor has increased from Rs.735
billion (2011-12) to Rs.756 billion (2012-13);
showing an increase of 2.9 percent as compared to
previous year. The livestock population for the last
three years is given in Table 2.20.

Table 2.20: Livestock Population

Species
2010-111
Cattle
35.6
Buffalo
31.7
Sheep
28.1
Goat
61.5
Camels
1.0
Horses
0.4
Asses
4.7
Mules
0.2
Source: Ministry of National Food Security & Research

2011-121
36.9
32.7
28.4
63.1
1.0
0.4
4.8
0.2

(Million Nos.)
2012-131
38.3
33.7
28.8
64.9
1.0
0.4
4.9
0.2

Agriculture

29

The major products of livestock are milk and meat which for the last three years are given in Table 2.21.
Table 2.21: Milk and Meat Production
Species
Milk (Gross Production)
Cow
Buffalo

2010-111

Sheep2

Goat

Camel2
Milk (Human Consumption)3

Cow
Buffalo
Sheep
Goat
Camel
Meat4

Beef
Mutton
Poultry meat
Source: Ministry of National Food Security & Research

(000 tons)
2012-131
49,512
17,372
30,462
37
801
840
39,945
13,897
24,370
37
801
840
3,379
1,829
643
907

2011-121
46,440
16,133
28,694
36
759
818
37,475
12,906
22,955
36
759
818
3,095
1,711
616
767

47,951
16,741
29,565
37
779
829
38,690
13,393
23,652
37
779
829
3,232
1,769
629
834

The milk production increased by 3.2 percent and

meat 4.5 percent during 2012-13 as compared to

corresponding period last year.

The production of other livestock products for the

last three years is given in Table 2.22.

Table:2.22 Estimated Livestock Products Production

Species
Units
Eggs
Million Nos.
Hides
000 Nos.
Cattle
"
Buffalo
"
Camels
"
Skins
"
Sheep Skin
"
Goat Skin
"
Fancy Skin
"
Lamb skin
"
Kid skin
"
Wool
000 Tonnes
Hair
"
Edible Offals
"
Blood
"
Guts
000 Nos.
Casings
"
Horns & Hooves
000 Tonnes
Bones
"
Fats
"
Dung
"
Urine
"
Head & Trotters
"
Ducks, Drakes & Ducklings
Million Nos.

2010-11

12,457
13,481
6,741
6,640
100
48,478
10,620
23,685
14,173
3,154
11,019
42.5
23.2
344
58.3
48,974
14,347
49.5
735.1
234.8
1,039
320
214.0
0.6

2011-12

13,144
13,938
6,995
6,842
101
49,582
10,745
24,237
14,509
3,192
11,318
43.0
23.8
353
59.8
50,089
14,832
50.9
757.5
241.7
1,071
329
220.1
0.5

2012-13

13,813
14,410
7,258
7,050
102
50,713
10,873
24,986
14,854
3,229
11,624
43.6
24.4
363
61.3
51,232
15,333
52.5
780.5
248.8
1,104
338
226.3
0.5

b) Poultry
Poultry sector is one of the most organized
and vibrant segments of the agriculture
industry of Pakistan. This sector generates
employment (direct/indirect) and income for
about 1.5 million people. Its contribution in
agriculture is 5.76 percent, livestock 10.4
percent and in GDP at constant cost factor 1.2
percent. Poultry meat contributes 26.8 percent
of the total meat production in the country.
Poultry sector has shown a robust growth @

7-8 percent annually which reflects its

inherent potential. The poultry value added at
constant cost factor has increased from
Rs.113465 million (2011-12) to Rs. 121726
million (2012-13) showing an increase of 7.3
percent as compared to previous year. The
production of commercial and rural poultry
and poultry products for the last three years is
given in Table 2.23.

Table 2.23: Domestic/Rural & Commercial Poultry

Type
Units
Domestic Poultry
Million Nos
Cocks
"
Hens
"
Chicken
"
Eggs2
"
Meat
000 Tonnes
Duck, Drake & Duckling
Million No's
Eggs2
"
Meat
000 Tonnes
Commercial Poultry
Layers
Million No's
Broilers
"
Breeding Stock
"
Day Old Chicks
"
Eggs2
Million Nos
Meat
000 Tonnes
Total Poultry
Day Old Chicks
Million Nos
Poultry Birds
"
Eggs
"
Poultry Meat
000 Tonnes

Poultry Development policy envisions sustainable

supply of wholesome poultry meat, eggs and value
added products to the local and international markets
at competitive prices and also to facilitate and
support private sector-led development for
sustainable poultry production. The strategy
revolves around improving the regulatory
framework,
disease
control
and
genetic
improvement in rural poultry, high tech poultry
production under environmentally controlled
housing, processing and value addition, improving
bio- security, need based research and development
and farmers training and education. It envisages
poultry sectors growth of 15-20 percent annually.
Future Plans
Consequent upon 18th Constitutional Amendment,
the animal health and production subject have been
future policy priorities therefore revolve around the
following strategies.

Encouraging Public Private Partnership led

During (July-March), 2012-13 a total of

103,822 m tonnes of fish and fishery products
were exported earning US $ 232.4 million
against a total of 90,087 m.tonnes of fish and
fishery products were exported earning US $
222.6 million corresponding period last year
showing an increase of 15.3 percent and 4.4
percent respectively.

Marine Fisheries Department is

executing following development

`
`
`
`

2010-111
78.51
9.84
37.42
31.25
3742.00
104.43
0.56
25.18
0.77

2011-121
79.68
10.10
38.09
31.48
3809.00
106.51
0.54
24.13
0.73

2012-131
80.87
10.38
38.78
31.72
3878.00
108.62
0.54
23.13
0.70

32.54
542.74
8.81
566.89
8690.00
662.18

44.10
34.82
597.02
9.25
623.58
9281.00

47.00
37.25
652.72
9.71
685.94
9912.00

598.00
663.00
12857.00
767.00

655.00
721.00
13114.00
834.00

718.00
785.00
13813.00
907.00

development with government

enabling environment.
National economic growth.

providing

Encouraging livestock sector role and using as

tool for poverty alleviation & food security.
Enhance foreign exchange earnings through
exports of livestock products with focus on halal
food market.

IV. Fisheries
Fishery plays an important role in Pakistans
economy and is considered to be a source of
livelihood for the coastal inhabitants. A part from
marine fisheries, inland fisheries (based in rivers,
lakes, ponds, dams etc.) is also very important
activity throughout the country. Fisheries share in
the GDP although very little but it adds substantially
to the national income through export earnings.

project:Stock assessment survey programme in EEZ

of Pakistan through chartering of fisheries
Research vessel and capacity building of
Marine Fisheries Department, is aimed at
chartering a suitable research vessel for
conducting stock assessment resource surveys
in the coastal and offshore waters of Pakistan.
The project is also aimed to strengthen MFD
through capacity building to conduct resource
survey and stock assessment on regular basis
and to develop management strategy for the

fish exploitation and utilization. After

exhaustive efforts and tendering process a
survey vessel has been selected.
Marine Fishing vessel Census 2010 was
started in July 2010, with the collaboration of
WWF is completed in Baluchistan and Sindh
coastal areas. Data collected during the
census is being computerized for further
analysis. Coastal areas of Sindh and
Baluchistan vessel census also restarted for
the remaining areas in order to update the
data. The research vessel Dr. Fridtjof
Nansen will be chartered during September
2013 to undertake last surveys and to finalize
the reports. The results of the surveys will be
utilized to develop fishery policy/guidelines
for conservation and management of living
marine resources.

Problems
Pakistan

of

agriculture

Soil erosion
Water wastage is very high
OLD
METHODS
CULTIVATION
D

in

OF
AND

HARVESTING
EXPLOITATION OF SMALL
FARMERS
WATER
LOGGING
AND
SALINITY
PROBLEMS OF FARMERS
COMMUNICATION GAP
Underutilization of cultivable land
MONOPOLY OF FOREIGN BIG
COMPANIES

Solution:
Feudalism should be abolished
FEDERAL SEED CERTIFICATION
AND
FEDERAL
SEED
REGISTRATION
A new agricultural policy
Different agricultural zones should be
introduced
LATEST MACHINERY SHOULD
BE PROVIDED TO THE FARMERS
DAMS SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTE

CONCLUSION:
Despite its declining importance, agriculture is a sector capable of accelerating
growth, reducing poverty, containing inflation and improving the quality of life of
its citizens Due to its backward and forward linkages, small investment can bring
substantial gains. Area needing urgent attention are inputs use efficiency, reducing
production/post production losses, credit availability and bringing more areas under
cultivation through intercropping and tunnel farming Areas needing attention in the
short term are rural infrastructure, agricultural terms of trade, promoting investment,
formulating land use policy ,farm mechanization and improving rural non-farm
sector Areas needing attention in the long term are agricultural education, rural
governance ,gender mainstreaming, adapting to climate change threats and
introducing modern forms of production relations

Agriculture

31

32

Pakistan Economic Survey 2012-1

Agriculture

33