Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Tutorial- Part II
(With Cable Emphasis)
Acronyms/Abbreviations
US = Upstream
CM = Cable Modem
RS = Router Solicitation
RA = Router Advertisement
NS = Neighbor Solicitation
Tutorial-1: Agenda
IPv6 Addressing
Addressing Format
Multicast in IPv6
DHCPv6 Overview
Tutorial-2: Agenda
Routing in IPv6
RIPng
OSPFv3
Tunneling
Automatic 6 to 4 Tunnels
ISATAP
IPv6 Routing
Routing in IPv6
As in IPv4, IPv6 has 2 families of routing protocols: IGP
and EGP, and still uses the longest-prefix match routing
algorithm
IGP
EGP :
MP
MP--BGP4 (RFC 2858 and RFC 2545)
version
IPv4 Address
must be zero
Route Tag
command
Metric
must be zero
IPv6 prefix
Subnet Mask
Next Hop
version
route tag
prefix len
metric
Route tag and prefix length for NH is all 0. Metric will have 0xFF; NH
must be link local
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10
OSPFv3 has the same 5 packet type but some fields have
been changed.
Type
Packet Length
Router ID
Area ID
Checksum
Autype
Authentication
Authentication
Version
Type
Packet Length
Router ID
Area ID
Instance ID
0
Checksum
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13
14
15
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Router ID
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Multi-Topology IS-IS
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Introduction
Mechanism that allows IS-IS, used within a single domain, to
maintain a set of independent IP topologies
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20
21
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Multi-Topology IS-IS
Area B
Area A
Area C
Area D
Tunneling
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Tunneling
Many Ways to Do Tunneling
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6 to 4 Tunneling
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Automatic 6 to 4 Tunnels
Automatic 6to4 tunnel allows isolated IPv6 domains
to connect over an IPv4 network
Unlike the manual 6to4 the tunnels are not point-topoint, they are multipoint tunnels
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6to4 Router
IPv6
Network
Network Prefix:
2002:c0a8:6301::/48
6to4:
IPv4
192.168.99.1
6to4 Router
192.168.30.1
IPv6
Network
IPv6
Host B
Network Prefix:
2002:c0a8:1e01::/48
Public IPv4
Address
SLA
/48
Interface ID
/64
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IPv6 Header
IPv6
Host A
IPv6 Data
IPv6
Network
2002:c0a8:6301::1
S=2002:c0a8:6301::1
D=2002:c0a8:1e01::2
IPv6 Header
6to4 Router
IPv4
192.168.99.1
6to4 Router
192.168.30.1
IPv4 Header
IPv6 Header
IPv6 Data
IPv6
Host B
IPv6
Network
2002:c0a8:1e01::2
IPv6 Data
S(v4)=192.168.99.1
D(v4)=192.168.30.1
S(v6)=2002:c0a8:6301::1
D(v6)=2002:c0a8:1e01::2
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6to4
Router1
IPv6
Network
Network Prefix:
2002:c0a8:6301::/48
192.168.99.1
IPv4
IPv6
Internet
6to4
Relay
IPv6 Site
Network
192.168.30.1
Network Prefix:
2002:c0a8:1e01::/48
6to4 Relay:
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ISATAP Tunneling
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0000:5EFE:
32-bit
IPv4 Address
Interface
Identifier
(64 bits)
32-bit
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0000:5EFE:
32-bit
IPv4 Address
Interface ID
32-bit
2001:DB8:C003:111F:0:5EFE:10.1.2.100
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IPv4 Network
ISATAP Tunnel
206.123.20.100
fe80::5efe:ce7b:1464
2001:db8:ffff:2::5efe:ce7b:1464
ISATAP Router 1
E0
IPv6
Network
206.123.31.200
fe80::5efe:ce7b:1fc8
2001:db8:ffff:2::5efe:ce7b:1fc8
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IPv6 Drivers
Networks have scaled to such a degree that IPv4 address
constraints are becoming a burden on network operations
IPv4 address exhaustion
All IP quad play
Industry consolidation
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Consumer space is migrating toward a one-subnet-per-home model (instead of a shared subnet across multiple
homes)
Managing overlapping private address spaces, network renumbering is complex and expensive
True Peer-to-peer connectivity without NAT (Presence & IM, Streaming, IP telephony etc)
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Data
Converged
Network
Video
Mobility
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Industry Consolidation
Merger of networks with over-lapping address space calls for
large, non-overlapping address space.
Private IPv4
Network
Private IPv4
Network
Private IPv4
Address Collision
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Home Phone
GW
/64
/48
Cell Phones
Broadband
Network
Computers
Home Entertainment
Music
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Global Transparency
IPv6 restores global transparency by
getting rid of NAT.
Home A
Home B
Internet
N
Private A
IPv4 T
Public
Global
IPv4
IPv6
N
A Private
T IPv4
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Proposed phases
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Access model 1
Access model 2
CPE2
Access model 3
CPE3
HOME /
SMB
Management prefix:
Service prefix:
Customer 2 prefix:
Customer 3 prefix:
DHCP, DNS
TFTP
TOD
Management
CM1
bridge
CPE1
HOME /
SMB
Servers
CPE
router
CM2
bridge
HFC
CMTS
router
CORE
To Internet
CM
router
2001:DB8:FFFF:0::/64
2001:DB8:FFFE:0::/64
2001:DB8:2::/48
2001:DB8:3::/48
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CPE
wireless
access point
CPE
ethernet
bridge
CPE
CPE
CM
router
HFC
CMTS
router
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Theory of Operations
51
If the CM does not receive any message from the CMTS it operates in
DOCSIS 2.0 mode
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CM provisioning
Layer 2 provisioning
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CM provisioning: Layer 2
CMTS sends an L2 message to
the CM that controls
CM
Determine
Provisioning
mode
MDD
CMTS
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MDD
DHCP
CMTS
TFTP
ToD
Link-local
NS (DAD)
address
assignment No response expected to DAD
Router
discovery
DHCPv6
(based on
M/O bits)
RS
RA
SOLICIT
(Rapid commit)
ADVERTISE
REQUEST
REPLY
NS (DAD)
RELAY-FORW
RELAY-REPL
RELAY-FORW
RELAY-REPL
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CMTS
DHCP
TOD
TFTP
MDD
Link-local
NS (DAD)
address
assignment No response expected to DAD
Router
discovery
DHCPv6
RS
RA
SOLICIT
(Rapid commit)
ADVERTISE
REQUEST
REPLY
NS (DAD)
TOD
RELAY-FORW
RELAY-REPL
RELAY-FORW
RELAY-REPL
57
CMTS
DHCP
TOD
TFTP
MDD
Link-local
NS (DAD)
address
assignment No response expected to DAD
Router
discovery
DHCPv6
RS
RA
SOLICIT
(Rapid commit)
ADVERTISE
REQUEST
REPLY
NS (DAD)
RELAY-FORW
RELAY-REPL
RELAY-FORW
RELAY-REPL
Request
Response
TFTP
TFTP-GET
TFTP-RSP
(configfile)
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CMTS
DHCP
TOD
TFTP
MDD
Link-local
NS (DAD)
address
assignment No response expected to DAD
Router
discovery
DHCPv6
RS
RA
SOLICIT
(Rapid commit)
ADVERTISE
REQUEST
REPLY
NS (DAD)
TFTP
TOD
Register
RELAY-FORW
RELAY-REPL
RELAY-FORW
RELAY-REPL
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CMTS and CM
Requirements for IPv6
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With this approach, provider side large scale NAT will not
be a requirement
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Q&A
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