Agricultural buildings

for animal rearing (trad.- creterea animalelor)

HOUSING FOR DAIRY CATTLE

(trad. - vaci de lapte)
Dairy cattle housing systems are among the more complex agricultural
structures.

When undertaking new or modified construction there are several

basic requirements that planners should attempt to meet.
For the cows they include:

Adequate shelter from wind, rain, snow and temperature extremes;

Layout and equipment that does not subject the animals to undue
stress or chance of injury.

HOUSING FOR
DAIRY CATTLE (Cont.)
For the operator they include:
A design and construction that meets all general and local
requirements relating to building, sanitary, safety and
environmental regulations;
A system that is efficient in the handling (trad.tratament,
manipulare)of the cow, feed, milk and waste products;
A system that use capital efficiently for an economically
enterprise;
A system that is integrated into the total farm operation in
terms of its location in relation to other buildings, feed
storage, roads, utilities, and manure (trad.- ngrmnt
natural ) disposal (trad. aezare, dispunere).

HOUSING FOR
DAIRY CATTLE (Cont.)
The manner in which these requirements are met will
differ according to climate, farm organization, land values,
and markets.
For example where severe winters make a warm barn
desirable, satisfactory environmental conditions are more
easily maintained in a stable barn (trad. Grajd cu
inchideri perimetrale) than in a free-stall barn (trad.
Grajd deschis, fr nchideri perim.). There is little
evidence to indicate that warm barns influence milk
production or cow comfort, the only benefit is related to
worker comfort.

Cows cant explain what makes them comfortable.

This freestall barn has many of the components

necessary to create a comfortable cow environment.
Notice its capability to provide good ventilation and a
comfortable resting area

Farm animals average size and weights

Section through kennel (trad. Adpost animale) for beef

or dairy cattle

1. Floor Plan

2. Office with door to

sidewalks, washroom
& mechanical room
(refrigeration,
electrical, vacuum
pump)
3. Milk room, with
bulk milk tank cooled
from the unit in
mechanical room
10. Breed area with tie
stalls

4. Bread and treatment area

2. Washroom and hallway to office

4. Bread and treatment area

3. Milking parlor

How comfortable are your

dairy facilities?
1.Proper Ventilation
Air exchange is key to proper
ventilation.
For ventilation to take place, fresh air
must enter housing, displace slightly
contaminated air and replace it. Care
must be taken to ensure draft-free
ventilation in cold conditions.

How comfortable are your

dairy facilities? (-cont.)
2. Heat Stress Relief
Heat stressed cows spend hours standing
and panting (trad. respirnd din greu) rather than
eating or lying down and ruminating. Foot
problems, decreased production and poor
reproductive
performance
usually
accompany heat stress.

How comfortable are your

dairy facilities? (-cont.)
3. A Clean, Dry, Comfortable Resting Area
Cows prefer to lie down for 12 or more hours
per day no matter where theyre housed, or if
theyre grazed on managed pastures.
Stalls must be designed and managed to
provide a place that is comfortable for cows to
enter, recline (trad.+a se apleca), rest, rise and
exit. If one element of a stall is inappropriate, stall
use declines or may be nonexistent.

How comfortable are your

dairy facilities? (-cont.)
4. Unobstructed Access to Feed and Free-Choice Water
Because cows must eat lots of dry matter and consume lots of water to make milk,
access to each must be unobstructed and plentiful. Feed space varies, depending upon
housing configuration and the person making the recommendations.

Cows are nomadic animals and accustomed to doing things in groups, so comfortable
housing provides space for many group members to do the same thing, such as eat, at
the same time.
Feed delivery and pushup may have as much affect on cow comfort as feed space per
cow. Heres a reach index for fence-line feeding systems for mature Holstein cows:
They should be able to reach 42 inches from the cow side of the feed curb horizontally
to the most distant feed without any struggle. If cows must push hard against fence-line
feedhardware, theyre going to be uncomfortable.

How comfortable are your

dairy facilities? (-cont.)
5. Confident, Injury-Free Flooring
Flooring surfaces should allow cows to walk, stand
or mount other cows naturally without the floor
being abrasive.
Concrete is historically the floor of choice. It has
its benefits, but it can be tough on cows legs and
feet. Progress is being made on how to mimic in
confinement housing the properties of a grassed
surface.
Rubber flooring products, for example, have
gained popularity. But theres little scientific
evidence to show the effects of rubber floors on
cows and the economic return on investment in
them.
However, from coast to coast, cows have shown
that they prefer to walk on rubber flooring.

http://www.promatltd.com

It is the ideal surface to keep your cows

comfortable and contented

Mattress=(trad. saltea)

Floor design

Softest Rubber Cushion

Soft, Resilient Surface

Non-Absorbent
Will Not Promote Bacteria Growth
Impact Absorbing
Provides Excellent Traction
Increase Animal Health
Eliminate Cow Stress
Low Installation Cost
Durable Construction
Proven Cow Acceptance
Easily removed for cleaning
Used in all Stall Installations

Aqua Dump
Studies have proven that cattle are healthier when
they have a clean supply of water available to them.

The unique design will flush all the grime and impurities
from the bottom of the tank.
Turn the tub upright and it will re-fill with fresh, clean water.

STABLE BARNS
(trad. grajd pentru vite sau staul pentru vite)

Popular for herds of 30 to 60 cows, stable barns provides the

facilities for feeding, resting, and milking in one location. The
herdsman moves from cow to cow for milking and must stoop
each time to have access to the cow's udder.
The high degree of individual animal attention that is required
for good herd (trad. cireada) health and maximum production
is easily provided.

Stable barn
Transverse
section

Plan view

Different
arrangements of
animals in dairy
stables

FREE-STALL BARNS

Size, partition shape, and base design are all

important features for the comfort of the cow

1450-1500 mm
450 mm

950-1000 mm

Alley to gutter

2-3%

Head rail

2-3% slope

100 mm

Cow mattress

550 mm

180 mm

Dimensions for Tie Stalls

COW SIZE

PLATFORM WIDTH

PLATFORM LENGTH*

kg

mm

mm

400

1050

1450

500

1150

1550

600

1250

1650

700

1350

1750

800

1450

1850

Volumul orientativ (volumul adaposturilor) necesar de

adapost pe cap de animal este urmatorul:

Specificare

m3/cap.

Bovine adulte

22

Tineret bovin

Milking parlour systems

Milking parlour systems

Milking parlour systems

The roto milking parlour is a type of milking parlour allowing the
realization of a high productivity in the case of large herds. A
characteristic feature of this type of milking parlour is the high ease
of operation allowing one person to operate the milking parlour on
their own.

www.wopereis.nl

Hydraulic evacuation of waste; Plan view of stable barn: 1. feed alley; 2. manger; 3. stand;
4. Grate floor over waste duct; 5.service alley; 6. offtake; 7. septic tank

Feed Accurately With ATL Electric Feeders

Feeder and Parlour Controls

Control systems

As
dairy
farming
becomes
more
sophisticated, the use of PC-based software
provides the dairy farmer access to much
more detailed information about every cow
in the herd.

Succesiunea
planificarii
unei ferme

Evaluarea unei afaceri

tip ferma

Questions for the first test paper

1.Which are the arrangements of animals in dairy stables

2.Transverse section and plan view of a stable barn. Explain the
building main parts

3. Draw an example with a milking parlour system

4.Size, partition shape, and base design for the comfort of the cow

Thank You!!!