Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1. Name and life period: Niels Henrik Abel (1802 - 1829) Norwegian Mathematician.
Birth place: Nedstrand, Norway.
Research area: Abel was the one who invented the group theory which paved
a way for modern algebra. He happened to invent this while proving that there
is no general algebraic solution for the roots of a polynomial equation of degree
greater than four, in terms of explicit algebraic operations. His another major
work was on elliptic functions.
Any other information:
The prestigious Abel prize is named after him.
2. Name and life period: Stefan Banach (1892 - 1945) - Polish Mathematician.
Birth place: Krakow, Austria-Hungary (now Poland).
Research: Banach was the one who founded modern functional analysis. Banach proved many fundamental results on normed linear spaces in functional
analysis. To cite a few, Hahn-Banach theorem, uniform boundedness theorem
popularly known as Banach-Steinhaus theorem, Banach-Alaoglu theorem, Banach fixed point theorem.
Any other information:
Student of Hugo Steinhaus.
Teacher of well known mathematicians Stanislaw Mazur and Stanislaw Ulam.
In Mathematics, Banach spaces and Banch algebras are named after Stefan
Banach.
3. Name and life period: Valentine Bargmann (1908 - 1989) - German Born.
Birth place: Berlin, Germany.
Research: One of Bargmanns major contributions was the study of irreducible
unitary representations of SL(2, R) and the Lorentz group. His other famous
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work which influences the present day mathematicians is the study of characterizing the image of certain function spaces in the real line as a reproducing
kernel Hilbert space of analytic functions under certain transform, nowadays
known as Bargmann transform.
4. Name and life period: Daniel Bernoulli (1700 - 1782) Swiss Mathematician.
Birth Place: Groningen, Netherlands.
Research: Some of his works include the study of vibrating strings, flow of fluids, kinetic theory of gases, thermodynamics and elasticity. Some of his popular
works are Exercitationes (Mathematical Exercises), published in 1724 Hydrodynamique (Hydrodynamica), published in 1738, Specimen theoriae novae de
mensura sortis (Exposition of a New Theory on the Measurement of Risk), published in 1738.
Any other information:
Son of Johann Bernoulli (Calculus).
Nephew of Jakob Bernoulli (Theory of probability).
Contemporary and close friend of Leonhard Euler.
5. Name and birth place: Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (1784 - 1846) German
Mathematician.
Birth place: Minden, Germany.
Research: He is a mathematician and an astronomer. He worked on the orbital
calculations of Halleys comet, published tables of atmospheric refraction and
was the first one to use parallax in calculating the distance to a star. It is said
that his work in astronomy was useful at a stage in the discovery of Neptune.
While working with the study of dynamics of certain gravitational systems, he
developed certain special functions, which are now popularly known as Bessel
functions.
Any other information:
The largest crater in the Moons Mare Serenitatis is named Bessel after him.
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Fourier also left an unfinished work on determinate equations which was edited
by Claude-Louis Navier and published in 1831. The work of Fourier paved
the way for the modern day research work including mathematical physics,
harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, signal and image processing
and so on.
Any other information:
Taught by Laplace, Lagrange and Monge.
Lagrange was the doctoral adviser.
Participated as scientific adviser in Napoleons army in its invasion of Egypt.
13. Name and life period: Guido Fubini (1879 - 1943) - Italian Mathematician.
Birth place: Venice, Italy.
Research: Fubini worked on various research areas including differential geometry, complex analysis, several complex variables, differential equations, calculus
of variations, integral equations, linear groups, automorphism groups, projective
geometry.
14. Name and life period: Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777- 1855) - German
Mathematician.
Birth place: Brunswick, Duchy of Brunswick (now Germany).
Research: Gauss has made major contributions to various parts of pure mathematics. He worked on modular arithmetic, especially obtained theorems on
distribution of primes, quadratic reciprocity law, decomposition of a positive
integer. He worked on polynomials with coefficients from finite fields, quadratic
forms, class number problem. He introduced an important concept in differential geometry, namely Gaussian curvature. He also developed fundamental
ideas in real analysis, numerical analysis, vector calculus, special functions and
so on.
Any other information:
Gauss was a student of Johann Friedrich Pfaff.
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Some of Gausss students were Friedrich Bessel, Christoph Gudermann, Christian Ludwig Gerling, Richard Dedekind, Johann Encke, Johann Listing, Bernhard Riemann, Christian Peters, Moritz Cantor.
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tion genetics. He along with J.E. Littlewood made major contribution in the
fields of analytic number theory and mathematical analysis. A few among
are Hardy-Littlewood circle method, Hardy-Littlewood conjectures. Hardys
theorem which describes the qualitative uncertainty principle is very useful in
mathematical physics and harmonic analysis.
Any other information:
Student of A. E. H. Love, E. T. Whittaker.
Teacher of well known mathematicians such as Srinivasa Ramanujan, Sydney
Chapman, I. J. Good, Frank Morley, Cyril Offord, Harry Pitt, Richard Rado,
Robert Rankin, Donald Spencer, Edward Titchmarsh, Tirukkannapuram Vijayaraghavan, E. M. Wright.
He was the one who brought out the mathematical excellence of Srinivasa
Ramanujan to the world.
Hardy spaces named after Hardy is a hard core in function theory especially
from complex analysis to real variable theory.
18. Name and life period: Felix Hausdorff (1868 - 1942) - German Mathematician.
Birth place: Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland).
Research: Hausdorff made major contribution in set theory and topology. He
introduced the concept of a partially ordered set and obtained several results in
it. Hausdorff introduced fundamental concepts such as certain dimensions and
some positive quantities known as Hausdorff dimension and Hausdorff measure.
Any other information:
Hausdorffs doctoral advisers were Heinrich Bruns and Adolph Mayer.
Hausdroffs students were Karl Bogel, Franz Hallenbach, Gustav Steinbach.
In mathematics, Hausdorff spaces are named after him.
19. Name and life period: Oliver Heaviside (1850 - 1925) - British Mathematician.
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Student of Emile
Borel.
Served in the defense of France as a soldier during the first world war.
26. Name and life period: Ernst Leonard Lindelof, (1870 - 1946) Finnish Mathematician.
Birth place: Helsingfors, Russian Empire (now Helsinki, Finland).
Research: Lindelofs worked on wide range of areas such as differential equations, conformal mappings, analytic continuation, calculus, function theory,
gamma functions and topology. As mentioned earlier, his work with Phragmen is a major contribution in complex analysis.
Any other information:
In Mathematics, Lindelof spaces are named after Ernst Leonard Lindelof.
27. Name and life period: Joseph Liouville (1809 - 1882) - French Mathematician.
Birth place: Saint-Omer, France.
Research: Liouville not only worked on pure mathematics but also in mathematical physics and astronomy. In mathematics his major contributions are in
fractional calculus, integration of algebraic functions, transcendental numbers,
boundary value problems, known nowadays as Sturm-Liouville eigen value problems, differential geometry and complex analysis.
Any other information:
Liouvilles doctoral advisers were Simeon Poisson and Louis Jacques Thenard.
Liouvilles doctoral student was Eugene Charles Catalan.
The crater Liouville on the Moon is named after him.
Liouvilles theorem named after him in complex analysis is fundamental and
extremely useful.
28. Name and life period: Rudolf Otto Sigismund Lipschitz (1832 - 1903) German Mathematician.
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33. Name and life period: Raymond Edward Alan Christopher Paley (1907 1933) British Mathematician.
Birth place: Bournemouth, England.
Research: His contributions include Paley-Wiener theorem, a very important
contribution in complex analysis and current work in harmonic analysis for
various group settings, the Paley construction for Hadamard matrices. He also
worked on Fourier series. His collaboration with Littlewood namely Littlewood
- Paley theory, is an excellent application of real-variable techniques in Fourier
analysis.
Any other information:
Paley won the Smiths prize in 1930.
34. Name and life period: Marc-Antoine Parseval des Chenes (1755 - 1836) French Mathematician.
Birth place: Rosieres-aux-Salines, France.
Research: Parsevals theorem on trigonometric series is very fundamental and
important which has been generalized to various abstract settings in Harmonic
analysis.
Any other information:
Parseval was a monarchist and opposed the French revolution. He was brave
enough to write and publish a poetry against the government of Napoleon.
35. Name and life period: Lars Edvard Phragmen (1863 - 1937) - Swedish Mathematician.
40. Name and life period: Marcel Riesz (1886 - 1969) - Hungarian Mathematician.
Birth place: Gyor, Hungary.
Research: Riesz is well known for his work on interpolation theory and potential theory. He formulated the interpolation theorem for trigonometric polynomials and gave simple proof of Bernsteins inequality and Markovs inequality.
He also showed that certain bound of a function, nowadays known as Riesz
function is equivalent to Riemann hypothesis. He also contributed to functional
analysis, partial differential equations, mathematical physics, Clifford algebra
and spinors.
Any other information:
Rieszs doctoral advisor was Lipot Fejer.
Some of Rieszs students were Harald Cramer, Otto Frostman, Lars Garding,
Einar Carl Hille, Lars Hormander, Olaf Thorin.
41. Name and life period: Laurent-Mose Schwartz (1915 - 2002) - French Mathematician.
Birth place: Paris, France.
Research: Schwartz made an outstanding contribution to mathematics by introducing and developing the theory of distributions. Initially Heaviside and
Dirac generalized the ideas of calculus with specific applications. But Schwartz
was the one who completely developed rich theory of distributions, which are
not only interesting and useful from mathematics point of view but are also
applied to various engineering problems.
Any other information:
Student of Georges Valiron.
Teacher of students Maurice Audin, Bernard Beauzamy, Alexander Grothendieck,
Jacques - Louis Lions, Bernard Malgrange, Henri Hogbe Nlend, Gilles Pisier,
Francois Treves.
In 1950, Schwartz was awarded the Fields medal for his work on distributions.
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42. Name and life period: Irving Ezra Segal (1918 - 1998) - American Mathematician.
Birth Place: The Bronx, New York, United States of America.
Research: He worked on several mathematical problems including representation theory of locally compact groups, abstract integration theory in order to
answer certain questions from quantum mechanics. His work on automorphisms
of the symmetric group is quite popular. In his later part of life, he worked on
Cosmology.
Any other information:
Student of Einar Hille.
Teacher of known mathematicians such as Jacob Feldman, Roe Goodman,
Leonard Gross, Bertram Kostant, Ray Kunze, Edward Nelson, Niels Poulsen
and so on.
Served in the U.S. Army conducting research in ballistics during the second
world war.
43. Name and life period: Alfred Tauber (1866 - 1942) - Austrian Mathematician.
Birth place: Pressburg (now Bratislava), Slovakia.
Research: Taubers main areas of research include function theory, potential
theory, differential equations and gamma functions. His work on summability
theory is popularly known as Tauber theorem. His work on studying the asymptotic behavior of certain sequences or functions are called Tauberian conditions,
which was further developed by Wiener, nowadays known as Wiener-Tauberian
theorems. It is interesting to note that the phrase Tauberian conditions were
suggested by Hardy and Littlewood.
Any other information:
Student of Gustav Ritter von Escherich and Emil Weyr.
Tauber died in the Theresienstadt concentration camp which was created by
the Nazis to kill jews.
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44. Name and life period: G. Olof Thorin (1912 - 2004) - Swedish Mathematician.
Birth place: Halmstad, Sweden.
Research: Oolf Thorins major contribution is in the fields of functional analysis and probability theory. He is famous for his interpolation theorem known
as Riesz-Thorin convexity theorem.
45. Name and life period: John Wallis (1616 - 1703) - British Mathematician.
Birth place: Ashford, Kent, England.
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