Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Solution
(a) From the geometry of the plate:
2a 40 mm
tan OA
0.5333
3b 75 mm
The given strain values are:
x 230
y 480
OA 28.0725
xy 760 rad
Substitute these values into the normal strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.3)] to obtain the strain in
the direction of line OA:
OA x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
0.2000
4b 100
Ans.
OC 11.3099
Substitute this angle and the given strains into the normal strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.3)] to
obtain in the direction of line OC:
OC x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
Ans.
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FIGURE P13.1/2
Solution
(a) From the geometry of the plate:
2a 50 mm
tan OB
1.2500
b 40 mm
The given strain values are:
x 360
y 770
OB 51.3402
xy 940 rad
Substitute these values into the normal strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.3)] to obtain the strain in
the direction of line OB:
OB x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
0.6250
2b
80
Ans.
OD 32.0054
Substitute this angle and the given strains into the normal strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.3)] to
obtain in the direction of line OD:
OD x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
Ans.
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FIGURE P13.3/4
Solution
(a) From the geometry of the plate, the n axis is oriented at an angle of
a 1
tan
18.4349
3a 3
The given strain values are:
x 120
y 860
xy 1,100 rad
Substitute these values into the normal strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.3)] to obtain the strain in
the n direction:
n x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
Ans.
(b) To determine the normal strain in the t direction, use + 90 in the normal strain transformation
equation [Eq. (13.3)]:
t (120 ) cos 2 (18.4349 90) (860 )sin 2 (18.4349 90)
(1,100 rad)sin(18.4349 90) cos(18.4349 90)
1, 092.0000 1, 092
Ans.
(c) The shear strain nt is found from the shear strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.5)]:
nt 2( x y ) sin cos xy (cos 2 sin 2 )
Ans.
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FIGURE P13.3/4
Solution
(a) From the geometry of the plate, the n' axis is oriented at an angle of
2a
2
tan
33.6901
3a
3
The given strain values are:
x 890
y 440
xy 310 rad
Substitute these values into the normal strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.3)] to obtain the strain in
the n' direction:
n ' x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
Ans.
(b) To determine the normal strain in the t' direction, use + 90 in the normal strain transformation
equation [Eq. (13.3)]:
t ' ( 890 ) cos 2 ( 33.6901 90) (440 )sin 2 ( 33.6901 90)
( 310 rad)sin( 33.6901 90) cos( 33.6901 90)
112.3077 112.3
Ans.
(c) The shear strain n't' is found from the shear strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.5)]:
n 't ' 2[( 890 ) (440 )]sin( 33.6901) cos(33.6901)
( 310 rad)[ cos 2 ( 33.6901) sin 2 ( 33.6901)]
1,346.9231 rad 1,347 rad
Ans.
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FIGURE P13.5/6
Solution
The given strain values are:
n 660
t 910
nt 830 rad
The x axis is rotated 45 counterclockwise from the x axis; therefore, we can use = +45 (from the n to
the x axis) with the strains associated with the n and t axes to determine the strains in the x and y
directions.
x n cos 2 t sin 2 nt sin cos
Ans.
The normal strain in the y direction is found by setting = 45 + 90 = 135 in the normal strain
transformation equation:
y (660 ) cos 2 (135) (910 )sin 2 (135) (830 rad)sin(135) cos(135)
370
Ans.
The shear strain nt is found from the shear strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.5)]:
xy 2( n t )sin cos nt (cos 2 sin 2 )
2[(660 ) (910 )]sin(45) cos(45) (830 rad)[ cos 2 (45) sin 2 (45)]
250 rad
Ans.
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FIGURE P13.5/6
Solution
The given strain values are:
x 0
y 0
xy 1,850 rad
(a) For diagonal AC, = 45. Substitute these values into the normal strain transformation equation
[Eq. (13.3)] to obtain the strain in the direction defined by AC:
AC x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
Ans.
(b) For diagonal BD, = 45. Substitute this value into the normal strain transformation equation [Eq.
(13.3)] to obtain the strain in the direction defined by BD:
BD x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
Ans.
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FIGURE P13.7
Solution
The n axis is rotated counterclockwise from the x axis; therefore, = +36. Use the normal strain
transformation equation [Eq. (13.3)] to obtain the strain in the n direction:
n x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
( 1, 050 ) cos 2 (36) (400 )sin 2 (36) (1,360 rad)sin(36) cos(36)
97.6811 97.7
Ans.
The normal strain in the t direction is found by setting = 36 + 90 = +126 in the normal strain
transformation equation:
t ( 1, 050 ) cos 2 (126) (400 )sin 2 (126) (1,360 rad)sin(126) cos(126)
747.6811 748
Ans.
The shear strain nt is found from the shear strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.5)]:
nt 2( x y )sin cos xy (cos 2 sin 2 )
2[( 1, 050 ) (400 )]sin(36) cos(36) (1,360 rad)[ cos 2 (36) sin 2 (36)]
1, 799.2951 rad 1, 799 rad
Ans.
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Solution
The n axis is rotated clockwise from the x axis; therefore, = 14. Use the normal strain transformation
equation [Eq. (13.3)] to obtain the strain in the n direction:
n x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
( 350 ) cos 2 ( 14) (1, 650 )sin 2 ( 14) (720 rad)sin( 14) cos( 14)
401.9574 402
Ans.
The normal strain in the t direction is found by setting = 14 + 90 = +76 in the normal strain
transformation equation:
t ( 350 ) cos2 (76) (1, 650 )sin 2 (76) (720 rad)sin(76) cos(76)
1, 701.9574 1, 702
Ans.
The shear strain nt is found from the shear strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.5)]:
nt 2( x y )sin cos xy (cos 2 sin 2 )
2[( 350 ) (1,650 )]sin( 14)cos( 14) (720 rad)[cos 2 ( 14) sin 2 ( 14)]
303.2209 rad 303 rad
Ans.
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FIGURE P13.7
Solution
The n axis is rotated counterclockwise from the x axis; therefore, = +18. Use the normal strain
transformation equation [Eq. (13.3)] to obtain the strain in the n direction:
n x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
(940 )cos 2 (18) (515 )sin 2 (18) (185 rad)sin(18)cos(18)
953.7862 954
Ans.
The normal strain in the t direction is found by setting = 18 + 90 = +108 in the normal strain
transformation equation:
t (940 )cos 2 (108) (515 )sin 2 (108) (182 rad)sin(108)cos(108)
501.2138 501
Ans.
The shear strain nt is found from the shear strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.5)]:
nt 2( x y )sin cos xy (cos 2 sin 2 )
2[(940 ) (515 )]sin(18)cos(18) (185 rad)[cos 2 (18) sin 2 (18)]
100.1406 rad 100.1 rad
Ans.
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Solution
The n axis is rotated clockwise from the x axis; therefore, = 28. Use the normal strain transformation
equation [Eq. (13.3)] to obtain the strain in the n direction:
n x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
(2,180 )cos 2 ( 28) (1,080 )sin 2 ( 28) (325 rad)sin( 28)cos( 28)
1,802.8375 1,803
Ans.
The normal strain in the t direction is found by setting = 28 + 90 = +62 in the normal strain
transformation equation:
t (2,180 )cos 2 (62) (1,080 )sin 2 (62) (325 rad)sin(62)cos(62)
1,457.1625 1,457
Ans.
The shear strain nt is found from the shear strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.5)]:
nt 2( x y )sin cos xy (cos 2 sin 2 )
2[(2,180 ) (1,080 )]sin( 28)cos( 28) (325 rad)[cos 2 ( 28) sin 2 ( 28)]
1,093.6790 rad 1,094 rad
Ans.
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FIGURE P13.7
Solution
The n axis is rotated counterclockwise from the x axis; therefore, = +15. Use the normal strain
transformation equation [Eq. (13.3)] to obtain the strain in the n direction:
n x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
( 1,375 )cos 2 (15) ( 1,825 )sin 2 (15) (650 rad)sin(15)cos(15)
1,242.6443 1,243
Ans.
The normal strain in the t direction is found by setting = 15 + 90 = +105 in the normal strain
transformation equation:
t ( 1,375 )cos 2 (105) ( 1,825 )sin 2 (105) (650 rad)sin(105)cos(105)
1,957.3557 1,957
Ans.
The shear strain nt is found from the shear strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.5)]:
nt 2( x y )sin cos xy (cos 2 sin 2 )
2[( 1,375 ) ( 1,825 )]sin(15)cos(15) (650 rad)[cos 2 (15) sin 2 (15)]
337.9165 rad 338 rad
Ans.
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Solution
The n axis is rotated clockwise from the x axis; therefore, = 23. Use the normal strain transformation
equation [Eq. (13.3)] to obtain the strain in the n direction:
n x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
(590 )cos 2 ( 23) ( 1,670 )sin 2 ( 23) ( 1,185 rad)sin( 23)cos( 23)
671.1728 671
Ans.
The normal strain in the t direction is found by setting = 23 + 90 = +67 in the normal strain
transformation equation:
t (590 )cos 2 (67) ( 1,670 )sin 2 (67) ( 1,185 rad)sin(67)cos(67)
1,751.1728 1,751
Ans.
The shear strain nt is found from the shear strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.5)]:
nt 2( x y )sin cos xy (cos 2 sin 2 )
2[(590 ) ( 1,670 )]sin( 23)cos( 23) ( 1,185 rad)[cos 2 ( 23) sin 2 ( 23)]
802.5378 rad 803 rad
Ans.
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P13.13 The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain.
Determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute maximum shear
strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear
strain distortion on a sketch.
x = 550 y = 285 xy = 940 rad
Solution
The principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
( 550 ) ( 285 )
( 550 ) ( 285 ) 940
2
2
2
2
417.5 488.3198
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
940
3.54717
( x y ) [( 550 ) ( 285 )]
p 37.1
Ans.
For plane strain, z = p3 = 0. Since p1 is positive and p2 is negative, the absolute maximum shear
strain is the maximum in-plane shear strain:
Ans.
abs max p1 p 2 70.8198 (905.8198 ) 977 rad
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P13.14 The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain.
Determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute maximum shear
strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear
strain distortion on a sketch.
x = 940 y = 360 xy = 830 rad
Solution
The principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
(940 ) ( 360 )
(940 ) ( 360 ) 830
2
2
2
2
290 771.1842
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
830
0.63846
( x y ) [(940 ) ( 360 )]
p 16.28
Ans.
For plane strain, z = p3 = 0. Since p1 is positive and p2 is negative, the absolute maximum shear
strain is the maximum in-plane shear strain:
Ans.
abs max p1 p 2 1,061.1842 (481.1842 ) 1,542 rad
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P13.15 The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain.
Determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute maximum shear
strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear
strain distortion on a sketch.
x = 270 y = 510 xy = 1,150 rad
Solution
The principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
( 270 ) (510 )
( 270 ) (510 ) 1,150
2
2
2
2
120 694.7841
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
1,150
1.47436
( x y ) [( 270 ) (510 )]
p 27.9
Ans.
For plane strain, z = p3 = 0. Since p1 is positive and p2 is negative, the absolute maximum shear
strain is the maximum in-plane shear strain:
Ans.
abs max p1 p 2 814.7841 (574.7841 ) 1,390 rad
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P13.16 The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain.
Determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute maximum shear
strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear
strain distortion on a sketch.
x = 1,150 y = 1,950 xy = 1,800 rad
Solution
The principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
(1,150 ) (1,950 )
(1,150 ) (1,950 ) 1,800
2
2
2
2
1,550 984.8858
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
1,800
2.2500
( x y ) [(1,150 ) (1,950 )]
p 33.0
Ans.
For plane strain, z = p3 = 0. Since p1 and p2 are both positive, the absolute maximum shear strain
is:
Ans.
abs max p1 p 3 2,534.8858 0 2,530 rad
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P13.17 The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain.
Determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute maximum shear
strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear
strain distortion on a sketch.
x = 215 y = 1,330 xy = 890 rad
Solution
The principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
( 215 ) ( 1,330 )
( 215 ) ( 1,330 ) 890
2
2
2
2
772.5 713.3241
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
890
0.79821
( x y ) [( 215 ) ( 1,330 )]
p 19.30
Ans.
For plane strain, z = p3 = 0. Since p1 and p2 are both negative, the absolute maximum shear strain
is:
Ans.
abs max p3 p 2 0 (1,485.8241 ) 1,486 rad
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P13.18 The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain.
Determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute maximum shear
strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear
strain distortion on a sketch.
x = 670 y = 280 xy = 800 rad
Solution
The principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
(670 ) ( 280 )
(670 ) ( 280 ) 800
2
2
2
2
195 620.9871
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
800
0.84211
( x y ) [(670 ) ( 280 )]
p 20.1
Ans.
For plane strain, z = p3 = 0. Since p1 is positive and p2 is negative, the absolute maximum shear
strain is the maximum in-plane shear strain:
Ans.
abs max p1 p 2 815.9871 (425.9871 ) 1,242 rad
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P13.19 The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain.
Determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute maximum shear
strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear
strain distortion on a sketch.
x = 210 y = 615 xy = 420 rad
Solution
The principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
( 210 ) (615 )
( 210 ) (615 ) 420
2
2
2
2
202.5 462.8782
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
420
0.50909
( x y ) [( 210 ) (615 )]
p 13.49
Ans.
For plane strain, z = p3 = 0. Since p1 is positive and p2 is negative, the absolute maximum shear
strain is the maximum in-plane shear strain:
Ans.
abs max p1 p 2 665.3782 (260.3782 ) 926 rad
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P13.20 The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain.
Determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute maximum shear
strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear
strain distortion on a sketch.
x = 960 y = 650 xy = 350 rad
Solution
The principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
(960 ) (650 )
(960 ) (650 ) 350
2
2
2
2
805 233.7734
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
350
1.12903
( x y ) [(960 ) (650 )]
p 24.2
Ans.
For plane strain, z = p3 = 0. Since p1 and p2 are both positive, the absolute maximum shear strain
is:
Ans.
abs max p1 p 3 1,038.7734 0 1,039 rad
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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P13.21 The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain.
Determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute maximum shear
strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear
strain distortion on a sketch.
x = 560 y = 340 xy = 1,475 rad
Solution
The principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
(560 ) ( 340 )
(560 ) ( 340 ) 1, 475
2
2
2
2
110 863.9481
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
1,475
1.63889
( x y ) [(560 ) ( 340 )]
p 29.3
Ans.
For plane strain, z = p3 = 0. Since p1 is positive and p2 is negative, the absolute maximum shear
strain is the maximum in-plane shear strain:
Ans.
abs max p1 p 2 665.3782 (260.3782 ) 926 rad
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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P13.22 The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain.
Determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute maximum shear
strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear
strain distortion on a sketch.
x = 1,340 y = 380 xy = 1,240 rad
Solution
The principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
(1,340 ) ( 380 )
(1,340 ) ( 380 ) 1, 240
2
2
2
2
480 1,060.1887
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
1,240
0.72093
( x y ) [(1,340 ) ( 380 )]
p 17.89
Ans.
For plane strain, z = p3 = 0. Since p1 is positive and p2 is negative, the absolute maximum shear
strain is the maximum in-plane shear strain:
Ans.
abs max p1 p 2 1,540.1887 (580.1887 ) 2,120 rad
The principal strains are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain. Construct Mohrs circle
and use it to
(a) determine the strains x, y, and xy. (Assume x > y)
(b) determine the maximum in-plane shear strain and the absolute maximum shear strain.
(c) draw a sketch showing the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the maximum in-plane
shear strain distortions.
P13.23
p1 = 1,590
p2 = 540
p = 23.55
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Solution
The center of Mohrs circle is at
p1 p 2 (1,590 ) ( 540 )
C
525
2
2
and the radius of Mohrs circle is equal to
p1 p 2 (1,590 ) ( 540 )
R
1,065
2
2
The angle p is given as 23.55, and we are told to assume
that x > y. From this information, we know that the p1
principal plane is rotated 23.55 in a clockwise direction
from the x face. Thus, to locate point x on Mohrs circle,
begin at p1 and rotate 2(23.55) = 47.10 in a
counterclockwise direction. The Mohrs circle is shown.
(a) The normal strain in the x direction is computed as:
x C R cos 2 p
Ans.
xy
2
R sin 2 p
(1,065 )sin(47.10)
780.1582 rad
xy 1,560.3164 rad 1,560 rad
Ans.
Ans.
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Since p1 and p2 are of different signs, the absolute maximum shear strain is equal to the maximum inplane shear strain:
Ans.
abs max max 2,130 rad
(c) A sketch of the principal strain deformations and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions is
shown below.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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The principal strains are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain. Construct Mohrs circle
and use it to
(a) determine the strains x, y, and xy. (Assume x > y)
(b) determine the maximum in-plane shear strain and the absolute maximum shear strain.
(c) draw a sketch showing the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the maximum in-plane
shear strain distortions.
P13.24
p1 = 530
p2 = 1,570
p = 14.29
Solution
The center of Mohrs circle is at
p1 p 2 (530 ) ( 1,570 )
C
520
2
2
and the radius of Mohrs circle is equal to
p1 p 2 (530 ) ( 1,570 )
R
1,050
2
2
The angle p is given as +14.29, and we are told to assume
that x > y. From this information, we know that the p1
principal plane is rotated 14.29 in a counterclockwise
direction from the x face. Thus, to locate point x on Mohrs
circle, begin at p1 and rotate 2(14.29) = 28.58 in a
clockwise direction. The Mohrs circle is shown.
(a) The normal strain in the x direction is computed as:
x C R cos 2 p
Ans.
xy
2
R sin 2 p
(1,050 )sin(28.58)
502.3046 rad
xy 1,004.6092 rad 1,005 rad
Ans.
Ans.
Since p1 and p2 are of different signs, the absolute maximum shear strain is equal to the maximum inplane shear strain:
abs max max 2,100 rad
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
(c) A sketch of the principal strain deformations and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions is
shown below.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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The principal strains are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain. Construct Mohrs circle
and use it to
(a) determine the strains x, y, and xy. (Assume x > y)
(b) determine the maximum in-plane shear strain and the absolute maximum shear strain.
(c) draw a sketch showing the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the maximum in-plane
shear strain distortions.
P13.25
p1 = 780
p2 = 590
p = 35.66
Solution
The center of Mohrs circle is at
p1 p 2 (780 ) (590 )
C
685
2
2
and the radius of Mohrs circle is equal to
p1 p 2 (780 ) (590 )
R
95.0
2
2
The angle p is given as 35.66, and we are told to assume
that x > y. From this information, we know that the p1
principal plane is rotated 35.66 in a counterclockwise
direction from the x face. Thus, to locate point x on Mohrs
circle, begin at p1 and rotate 2(35.66) = 71.32 in a
clockwise direction. The Mohrs circle is shown.
(a) The normal strain in the x direction is computed as:
x C R cos 2 p
Ans.
xy
2
R sin 2 p
(95 )sin(71.32)
89.9956 rad
xy 179.9912 rad 180.0 rad
Ans.
Ans.
(b) The maximum shear strain is simply two times the radius of Mohrs circle:
max 2R 2(95 ) 190.0 rad
Ans.
Since p1 and p2 are both positive, the absolute maximum shear strain is numerically equal to p1:
abs max 780 rad
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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(c) A sketch of the principal strain deformations and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions is
shown below.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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The principal strains are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain. Construct Mohrs circle
and use it to
(a) determine the strains x, y, and xy. (Assume x > y)
(b) determine the maximum in-plane shear strain and the absolute maximum shear strain.
(c) draw a sketch showing the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the maximum in-plane
shear strain distortions.
P13.26
p1 = 350
p2 = 890
p = 19.50
Solution
The center of Mohrs circle is at
p1 p 2 ( 350 ) (890 )
C
620
2
2
and the radius of Mohrs circle is equal to
p1 p 2 ( 350 ) (890 )
R
270
2
2
The angle p is given as 19.50, and we are told to
assume that x > y. From this information, we know that
the p1 principal plane is rotated 19.50 in a clockwise
direction from the x face. Thus, to locate point x on
Mohrs circle, begin at p1 and rotate 2(19.50) = 39 in a
counterclockwise direction. The Mohrs circle is shown.
(a) The normal strain in the x direction is computed as:
x C R cos 2 p
Ans.
xy
2
R sin 2 p
(270 )sin(39)
169.9165 rad
xy 339.8330 rad 340 rad
Ans.
Ans.
Since p1 and p2 are both negative, the absolute maximum shear strain is numerically equal to the
absolute value of p2:
abs max 890 rad
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
(c) A sketch of the principal strain deformations and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions is
shown below.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain. Using
Mohrs circle, determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute
maximum shear strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the
maximum in-plane shear strain distortion in a sketch.
P13.27
x = 185
y = 655
xy = 500 rad
Solution
The basic Mohrs circle is shown.
( 185 ) (655 )
C
235
2
R ( 420 ) 2 (250 ) 2 488.7740
0.59524 2 p 30.7627
( 185 ) (655 ) 840
thus, p 15.38
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain. Using
Mohrs circle, determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute
maximum shear strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the
maximum in-plane shear strain distortion in a sketch.
P13.28
x = 940
y = 1,890
xy = 2,000 rad
Solution
The basic Mohrs circle is shown.
( 940 ) ( 1,890 )
C
1, 415
2
R (475 ) 2 (1,000 ) 2 1,107.0795
2.10526
( 940 ) ( 1,890 )
950
2 p 64.5923
thus, p 32.3
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain. Using
Mohrs circle, determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute
maximum shear strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the
maximum in-plane shear strain distortion in a sketch.
P13.29
x = 140
y = 160
xy = 1,940 rad
Solution
The basic Mohrs circle is shown.
( 140 ) (160 )
C
10
2
R ( 150 ) 2 (970 ) 2 981.5294
p1 C R 10 981.5294 992
p 2 C R 10 981.5294 972
max 2 R 1,963 rad
The magnitude of the angle 2p between point x and
point 2 (i.e., the principal plane associated with p2) is
found from:
1,940
530
tan 2 p
6.46667 2 p 81.2095
( 140 ) (160 ) 300
thus, p 40.6
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain. Using
Mohrs circle, determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute
maximum shear strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the
maximum in-plane shear strain distortion in a sketch.
P13.30
x = 380
y = 770
xy = 650 rad
Solution
The basic Mohrs circle is shown.
(380 ) ( 770 )
C
195
2
R (575 ) 2 (325 ) 2 660.4922
650
650
0.56522
(380 ) ( 770 ) 1,150
2 p 29.4759
thus, p 14.74
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain. Using
Mohrs circle, determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute
maximum shear strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the
maximum in-plane shear strain distortion in a sketch.
P13.31
x = 760
y = 590
xy = 360 rad
Solution
The basic Mohrs circle is shown.
(760 ) (590 )
C
675
2
R (85 ) 2 ( 180 ) 2 199.0603
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain. Using
Mohrs circle, determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute
maximum shear strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the
maximum in-plane shear strain distortion in a sketch.
P13.32
x = 1,570
y = 430
xy = 950 rad
Solution
The basic Mohrs circle is shown.
( 1,570 ) ( 430 )
C
1,000
2
R ( 570 ) 2 (475 ) 2 741.9737
0.83333 2 p 39.8056
( 1,570 ) ( 430 ) 1,140
thus, p 19.90
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain. Using
Mohrs circle, determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute
maximum shear strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the
maximum in-plane shear strain distortion in a sketch.
P13.33
x = 920
y = 1,125
xy = 550 rad
Solution
The basic Mohrs circle is shown.
(920 ) (1,125 )
C
1,022.5
2
R ( 102.5 ) 2 (275 ) 2 293.4813
2.68293 2 p 69.5582
(920 ) (1,125 ) 205
thus, p 34.8
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain. Using
Mohrs circle, determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute
maximum shear strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the
maximum in-plane shear strain distortion in a sketch.
P13.34
x = 515
y = 265
xy = 1,030 rad
Solution
The basic Mohrs circle is shown.
(515 ) ( 265 )
C
125
2
R (390 ) 2 (515 ) 2 646.0070
1,030
1,030
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain. Using
Mohrs circle, determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute
maximum shear strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the
maximum in-plane shear strain distortion in a sketch.
P13.35
x = 475
y = 685
xy = 150 rad
Solution
The basic Mohrs circle is shown.
(475 ) (685 )
C
580
2
R ( 105 ) 2 (75 ) 2 129.0349
0.71429
2 p 35.5377
(475 ) (685 ) 210
thus, p 17.77
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain. Using
Mohrs circle, determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute
maximum shear strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the
maximum in-plane shear strain distortion in a sketch.
P13.36
x = 670
y = 455
xy = 900 rad
Solution
The basic Mohrs circle is shown.
(670 ) (455 )
C
562.5
2
R (107.5 ) 2 (450 ) 2 462.6621
4.18605
2 p 76.5645 thus, p 38.3
(670 ) (455 ) 215
By inspection, the angle p from point x to point 1 is turned clockwise.
Since both p1 and p2 are positive, the absolute maximum shear strain is greater than the maximum
in-plane shear strain:
Ans.
abs max p1 p3 1,025.1621 (0 ) 1,025 rad
A sketch of the principal strain deformations and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions is shown
below.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain. Using
Mohrs circle, determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute
maximum shear strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the
maximum in-plane shear strain distortion in a sketch.
P13.37
x = 0
y = 320
xy = 260 rad
Solution
The basic Mohrs circle is shown.
(0 ) (320 )
C
160
2
R ( 160 ) 2 (130 ) 2 206.1553
260
260
0.81250
(0 ) ( 320 ) 320
2 p 39.0939
thus, p 19.55
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point in a body subjected to plane strain. Using
Mohrs circle, determine the principal strains, the maximum in-plane shear strain, and the absolute
maximum shear strain at the point. Show the angle p, the principal strain deformations, and the
maximum in-plane shear strain distortion in a sketch.
P13.38
x = 180
y = 1,480
xy = 425 rad
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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Solution
The basic Mohrs circle is shown.
( 180 ) ( 1, 480 )
C
830
2
R (630 ) 2 (212.5 ) 2 683.8540
0.32692 2 p 18.1038
( 180 ) ( 1,480 ) 1300
thus, p 9.05
P13.39 The strain rosette shown in the figure was used to obtain
normal strain data at a point on the free surface of a machine part.
(a) Determine the strain components x, y, and xy at the point.
(b) Determine the principal strains and the maximum in-plane shear
strain at the point.
(c) Draw a sketch showing the angle p, the principal strain
deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions.
(d) Determine the magnitude of the absolute maximum shear strain.
FIGURE P13.39
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
(a)
410 x cos2 (0) y sin 2 (0) xy sin(0)cos(0)
(b)
(c)
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
(b) Using these results, the principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
(410 ) ( 330 )
(410 ) ( 330 ) 1,160
2
2
2
2
40 687.9680
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
1,160
1,160
1.5676
( x y ) [(410 ) ( 330 )]
740
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
(d) The problem states that the strain readings were obtained from the free surface of a machine part.
From this statement, we can conclude that a state of plane stress exists. For plane stress, the third
principal strain z = p3 is not equal to zero. The normal strain in the z direction can be computed
from Eq. 13.15:
0.30
z
( x y )
[(410 ) (330 )] 34.2857
1
1 0.30
Since p1 is positive and p2 is negative, the absolute maximum shear strain is the maximum in-plane
shear strain:
Ans.
abs max max 1,376 rad
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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P13.40 The strain rosette shown in the figure was used to obtain
normal strain data at a point on the free surface of a machine part.
(a) Determine the strain components x, y, and xy at the point.
(b) Determine the principal strains and the maximum in-plane shear
strain at the point.
(c) Draw a sketch showing the angle p, the principal strain
deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions.
(d) Determine the magnitude of the absolute maximum shear strain.
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
215 x cos2 (270) y sin 2 (270) xy sin(270)cos(270)
(a)
(b)
Ans.
Ans.
(c)
Ans.
(b) Using these results, the principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
( 710 ) (215 )
( 710 ) (215 ) 1,025
2
2
2
2
247.5 690.3351
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
1,025
1,025
1.1081
( x y ) [( 710 ) (215 )] 925
(d) The problem states that the strain readings were obtained from the free surface of a machine part.
From this statement, we can conclude that a state of plane stress exists. For plane stress, the third
principal strain z = p3 is not equal to zero. From Eq. 13.15, the normal strain in the z direction can
be computed as:
0.12
z
( x y )
[( 710 ) (215 )] 67.5
1
1 0.12
Since p1 is positive and p2 is negative, the absolute maximum shear strain is the maximum in-plane
shear strain:
Ans.
abs max max 1,381 rad
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
P13.41 The strain rosette shown in the figure was used to obtain
normal strain data at a point on the free surface of a machine part.
(a) Determine the strain components x, y, and xy at the point.
(b) Determine the principal strains and the maximum in-plane shear
strain at the point.
(c) Draw a sketch showing the angle p, the principal strain
deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions.
(d) Determine the magnitude of the absolute maximum shear strain.
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
510 x cos2 (45) y sin 2 (45) xy sin(45)cos(45)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Ans.
Using this result, solve Eqs. (a) and (c) simultaneously to obtain:
x 525 and xy 80 rad
Ans.
(b) The principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
(525 ) (415 )
(525 ) (415 ) 80
2
2
2
2
470 68.0074
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
80
80
0.7273
( x y ) [(525 ) (415 )] 110
p 18.01
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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(c) The principal strain deformations and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions are shown on
the sketch below.
(d) The problem states that the strain readings were obtained from the free surface of a machine part.
From this statement, we can conclude that a state of plane stress exists. For plane stress, the third
principal strain z = p3 is not equal to zero. From Eq. 13.15, the normal strain in the z direction can
be computed as:
0.33
z
( x y )
[(525 ) (415 )] 462.9851
1
1 0.33
Since both p1 and p2 are positive, the absolute maximum shear strain will be greater than the maximum
in-plane shear strain. Since this is a plane stress situation, we must remember to take into account the
non-zero value of p3:
Ans.
abs max p1 p3 538.0074 (462.9851 ) 1,001 rad
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
P13.42 The strain rosette shown in the figure was used to obtain
normal strain data at a point on the free surface of a machine part.
(a) Determine the strain components x, y, and xy at the point.
(b) Determine the principal strains and the maximum in-plane shear
strain at the point.
(c) Draw a sketch showing the angle p, the principal strain
deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions.
(d) Determine the magnitude of the absolute maximum shear strain.
FIGURE P13.42
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
960 x cos2 (0) y sin 2 (0) xy sin(0)cos(0)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Ans.
Using this result, solve Eqs. (b) and (c) simultaneously to obtain:
y 560.0000 560 and xy 357.9572 rad 358 rad
Ans.
(b) The principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
( 960 ) ( 560 )
( 960 ) ( 560 ) 357.9572
2
2
2
2
760 268.3903
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
357.9572
357.9572
0.8949
( x y ) [( 960 ) ( 560 )]
400
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(d) The problem states that the strain readings were obtained from the free surface of a machine part.
From this statement, we can conclude that a state of plane stress exists. For plane stress, the third
principal strain z = p3 is not equal to zero. From Eq. 13.15, the normal strain in the z direction can
be computed as:
0.33
z
( x y )
[(960 ) (560 )] 748.6567
1
1 0.33
Since both p1 and p2 are negative, the absolute maximum shear strain will be greater than the maximum
in-plane shear strain. Since this is a plane stress situation, we must remember to take into account the
non-zero value of p3:
Ans.
abs max p3 p 2 748.6567 (1,028.3903 ) 1,777 rad
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P13.43 The strain rosette shown in the figure was used to obtain
normal strain data at a point on the free surface of a machine part.
(a) Determine the strain components x, y, and xy at the point.
(b) Determine the principal strains and the maximum in-plane shear
strain at the point.
(c) Draw a sketch showing the angle p, the principal strain
deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions.
(d) Determine the magnitude of the absolute maximum shear strain.
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
360 x cos2 (0) y sin 2 (0) xy sin(0)cos(0)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Ans.
Using this result, solve Eqs. (b) and (c) simultaneously to obtain:
y 510
and xy 1,206.6621 rad 1,207 rad
Ans.
(b) Using these results, the principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
( 360 ) (510 )
( 360 ) (510 ) 1, 206.6621
2
2
2
2
75 743.7966
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
1,206.6621
1,206.6621
1.3870
( x y ) [( 360 ) (510 )]
870
p 27.1
Ans.
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(c) The principal strain deformations and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions are shown on
the sketch below.
(d) The problem states that the strain readings were obtained from the free surface of a machine part.
From this statement, we can conclude that a state of plane stress exists. For plane stress, the third
principal strain z = p3 is not equal to zero. From Eq. 13.15, the normal strain in the z direction can
be computed as:
0.15
z
( x y )
[(360 ) (510 )] 26.4706
1
1 0.15
Since p1 is positive and p2 is negative, the absolute maximum shear strain is the maximum in-plane
shear strain:
Ans.
abs max max 1,488 rad
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P13.44 The strain rosette shown in the figure was used to obtain
normal strain data at a point on the free surface of a machine part.
(a) Determine the strain components x, y, and xy at the point.
(b) Determine the principal strains and the maximum in-plane shear
strain at the point.
(c) Draw a sketch showing the angle p, the principal strain
deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions.
(d) Determine the magnitude of the absolute maximum shear strain.
FIGURE P13.44
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
775 x cos2 (0) y sin 2 (0) xy sin(0)cos(0)
(a)
(b)
Ans.
Using this result, solve Eqs. (b) and (c) simultaneously to obtain:
y 325
and xy 1,073.8715 rad 1,074 rad
Ans.
(c)
(b) Using these results, the principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
(775 ) ( 325 )
(775 ) ( 325 ) 1,073.8715
2
2
2
2
225 768.6352
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
1,073.8715
1,073.8715
0.9762
( x y ) [(775 ) ( 325 )]
1,100
p 22.2
Ans.
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(c) The principal strain deformations and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions are shown on
the sketch below.
(d) The problem states that the strain readings were obtained from the free surface of a machine part.
From this statement, we can conclude that a state of plane stress exists. For plane stress, the third
principal strain z = p3 is not equal to zero. From Eq. 13.15, the normal strain in the z direction can
be computed as:
0.30
z
( x y )
[(775 ) (325 )] 192.8571
1
1 0.30
Since p1 is positive and p2 is negative, the absolute maximum shear strain is the maximum in-plane
shear strain:
Ans.
abs max max 1,537 rad
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P13.45 The strain rosette shown in the figure was used to obtain
normal strain data at a point on the free surface of a machine part.
(a) Determine the strain components x, y, and xy at the point.
(b) Determine the principal strains and the maximum in-plane shear
strain at the point.
(c) Draw a sketch showing the angle p, the principal strain
deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions.
(d) Determine the magnitude of the absolute maximum shear strain.
FIGURE P13.45
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
830 x cos2 (0) y sin 2 (0) xy sin(0)cos(0)
(a)
(b)
Ans.
Using this result, solve Eqs. (b) and (c) simultaneously to obtain:
y 460
and xy 890 rad
Ans.
(c)
(b) The principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
( 830 ) ( 460 )
( 830 ) ( 460 ) 890
2
2
2
2
645 481.9232
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
890
890
2.4054
( x y ) [( 830 ) ( 460 )] 370
p 33.7
Ans.
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(c) The principal strain deformations and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions are shown on
the sketch below.
(d) The problem states that the strain readings were obtained from the free surface of a machine part.
From this statement, we can conclude that a state of plane stress exists. For plane stress, the third
principal strain z = p3 is not equal to zero. From Eq. 13.15, the normal strain in the z direction can
be computed as:
0.15
z
( x y )
[(830 ) (460 )] 227.6471
1
1 0.15
Since both p1 and p2 are negative, the absolute maximum shear strain will be greater than the maximum
in-plane shear strain. Since this is a plane stress situation, we must remember to take into account the
non-zero value of p3:
Ans.
abs max p3 p 2 227.6471 (1,126.9232 ) 1,355 rad
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FIGURE P13.46
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
1,480 x cos2 (270) y sin 2 (270) xy sin(270)cos(270)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Ans.
Ans.
(b) The principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
1,671.6667 822.28
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
1,599.2602
1,599.2602
4.1720
( x y ) [(1,863.3333 ) (1,480 )] 383.3333
p 38.3
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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(c) The principal strain deformations and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions are shown on
the sketch below.
(d) The problem states that the strain readings were obtained from the free surface of a machine part.
From this statement, we can conclude that a state of plane stress exists. For plane stress, the third
principal strain z = p3 is not equal to zero. From Eq. 13.15, the normal strain in the z direction can
be computed as:
0.33
z
( x y )
[(1,863.3333 ) (1,480 )] 1,646.7164
1
1 0.33
Since both p1 and p2 are positive, the absolute maximum shear strain will be greater than the maximum
in-plane shear strain. Since this is a plane stress situation, we must remember to take into account the
non-zero value of p3:
Ans.
abs max p1 p3 2,493.9467 (1,646.7164 ) 4,140 rad
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P13.47 The strain rosette shown in the figure was used to obtain
normal strain data at a point on the free surface of a machine part.
(a) Determine the strain components x, y, and xy at the point.
(b) Determine the principal strains and the maximum in-plane
shear strain at the point.
(c) Draw a sketch showing the angle p, the principal strain
deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear strain
distortions.
(d) Determine the magnitude of the absolute maximum shear
strain.
FIGURE P13.47
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
625 x cos2 (0) y sin 2 (0) xy sin(0)cos(0)
(a)
(b)
Ans.
Using this result, solve Eqs. (b) and (c) simultaneously to obtain:
y 125.0
and
xy 1,440 rad
Ans.
(c)
(b) Using these results, the principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
(625 ) (125 )
(625 ) (125 ) 1, 440
2
2
2
2
375 762.1680
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
1,440
1,440
2.8800
( x y ) [(625 ) (125 )]
500
p 35.4
Ans.
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(c) The principal strain deformations and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions are shown on
the sketch below.
(d) The problem states that the strain readings were obtained from the free surface of a machine part.
From this statement, we can conclude that a state of plane stress exists. For plane stress, the third
principal strain z = p3 is not equal to zero. From Eq. 13.15, the normal strain in the z direction can
be computed as:
0.12
z
( x y )
[(625 ) (125 )] 102.2727
1
1 0.12
Since p1 is positive and p2 is negative, the absolute maximum shear strain is the maximum in-plane
shear strain:
Ans.
abs max max 1,524 rad
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P13.48 The strain rosette shown in the figure was used to obtain
normal strain data at a point on the free surface of a machine part.
(a) Determine the strain components x, y, and xy at the point.
(b) Determine the principal strains and the maximum in-plane
shear strain at the point.
(c) Draw a sketch showing the angle p, the principal strain
deformations, and the maximum in-plane shear strain
distortions.
(d) Determine the magnitude of the absolute maximum shear
strain.
FIGURE P13.48
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
185 x cos2 (30) y sin 2 (30) xy sin(30)cos(30)
(a)
(b)
Ans.
Ans.
(c)
(b) Using these results, the principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
( 363.3333 ) ( 60 )
( 363.3333 ) ( 60 ) 236.7136
2
2
2
2
211.6667 192.3827
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
236.7136
236.7136
0.7804
( x y ) [( 363.3333 ) ( 60 )] 303.3333
p 19.0
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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(c) The principal strain deformations and the maximum in-plane shear strain distortions are shown on
the sketch below.
(d) The problem states that the strain readings were obtained from the free surface of a machine part.
From this statement, we can conclude that a state of plane stress exists. For plane stress, the third
principal strain z = p3 is not equal to zero. From Eq. 13.15, the normal strain in the z direction can
be computed as:
0.30
z
( x y )
[(363.3333 ) (60 )] 181.4286
1
1 0.30
Since both p1 and p2 are negative, the absolute maximum shear strain will be greater than the maximum
in-plane shear strain. Since this is a plane stress situation, we must remember to take into account the
non-zero value of p3:
Ans.
abs max p3 p 2 181.4286 (404.0494 ) 585 rad
Solution
(a) From the generalized Hookes Law equations for plane stress, the normal strains produced in the
plate can be computed from Eqs. (13.21):
1
1
x ( x y )
[180 MPa (0.33)(65 MPa)] 1,910.24 10 6 mm/mm
E
83,000 MPa
1
1
y ( y x )
[65 MPa (0.33)(180 MPa)] 67.47 10 6 mm/mm
E
83,000 MPa
0.33
z ( x y )
[180 MPa 65 MPa] 974.10 10 6 mm/mm
E
83,000 MPa
Plate edge AB is aligned with the x direction; therefore, the change in length of edge AB can be
computed from the product of x and plate dimension b:
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Ans.
Plate edge AD is aligned with the y direction; therefore, the change in length of edge AD can be
computed from the product of y and plate dimension h:
AD y h (67.47 106 mm/mm)(175 mm) 0.01181 mm 0.01181 mm
Ans.
(b) A strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.3)]
n x cos2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
can be written to determine the normal strain in the direction of diagonal AC. Since there is no shear
stress acting on the plate, we know that xy = 0 (since Hookes Law relating shear stress and shear strain
is xy = Gxy).
The angle between edge AB and diagonal AC is:
175 mm
tan
0.5
26.565
350 mm
Therefore, the normal strain in the direction of diagonal AC is:
AC (1,910.24 106 mm/mm)cos 2 (26.565) (67.47 10 6 mm/mm)sin 2 (26.565)
LAC
(350.66868 mm)2 (175.01181 mm)2 391.9153 mm
and therefore, the elongation of diagonal AC is
AC 391.9153 mm 391.3119 mm 0.6034mm 0.603 mm
Ans.
(c) The change in plate thickness is computed from the product of z and the plate thickness:
thick z (thickness) (974.0964 106 mm/mm)(8 mm) 0.00779 mm
Ans.
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Solution
(a) From the generalized Hookes Law equations for plane stress, the normal strains produced in the
plate can be computed from Eqs. (13.21):
1
1
x ( x y )
[2,500 psi (0.37)( 8,300 psi)] 11,853.19 106 in./in.
E
470,000 psi
1
1
y ( y x )
[ 8,300 psi (0.37)(2,500 psi)] 19,627.66 106 in./in.
E
470,000 psi
0.37
z ( x y )
[2,500 psi ( 8,300 psi)] 4,565.96 10 6 in./in.
E
470,000 psi
Plate edge AB is aligned with the x direction; therefore, the change in length of edge AB can be
computed from the product of x and plate dimension b:
Ans.
AB xb (11,853.19 106 in./in.)(12 in.) 0.1422 in.
Plate edge AD is aligned with the y direction; therefore, the change in length of edge AD can be
computed from the product of y and plate dimension h:
AD y h (19,627.66 106 in./in.)(8.00 in.) 0.1570 in.
Ans.
(b) A strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.3)]
n x cos2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
can be written to determine the normal strain in the direction of diagonal AC. Since there is no shear
stress acting on the plate, we know that xy = 0 (since Hookes Law relating shear stress and shear strain
is xy = Gxy).
The angle between edge AB and diagonal AC is:
8.00 in.
tan
0.6667
33.690
12.00 in.
Therefore, the normal strain in the direction of diagonal AC is:
AC (11,853.19 106 in./in.)cos 2 (33.690) ( 19,627.66 106 in./in.)sin 2 (33.690)
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LAC
(12.14224 in.)2 (7.84298 in.)2 14.45497 in.
and therefore, the elongation of diagonal AC is
AC 14.45497 in. 14.42221 in. 0.00328 in.
Ans.
(c) The change in plate thickness is computed from the product of z and the plate thickness:
thick z (thickness) (4,565.96 106 in./in.)(0.750 in.) 0.00342 in.
Ans.
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FIGURE P13.51/52
Solution
From Eq. (13.23):
E
x
( x y )
1 2
190,000 MPa
Ans.
and
E
( y x )
1 2
190,000 MPa
Ans.
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FIGURE P13.51/52
Solution
Rewrite Eqs. (13.21) as:
E x x y
E y y x
Substitute the stress and strain values, taking care to convert the strain values to dimensionless
quantities.
E (930 106 in./in.) 21 ksi (17 ksi)
0.310345 0.310
Ans.
Ans.
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FIGURE P13.53/54
Solution
Derive an expression for from Eq. (13.18):
E
G
2(1 )
E
1
2G
E
1
2G
Determine Poissons ratio from this expression:
E
10, 000 ksi
1
1 0.3158
2G
2(3,800 ksi)
The normal stresses can now be computed from Eq. (13.23):
E
x
( x z )
1 2
10,000 ksi
Ans.
and
E
( z x )
1 2
10,000 ksi
Ans.
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FIGURE P13.53/54
Solution
Derive an expression for from Eq. (13.18):
E
G
2(1 )
E
1
2G
E
1
2G
Determine Poissons ratio from this expression:
E
190 GPa
1
1 0.10465
2G
2(86 GPa)
The normal stresses can now be computed from Eq. (13.23):
E
x
( x z )
1 2
190,000 MPa
Ans.
and
E
( z x )
1 2
190,000 MPa
Ans.
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Solution
The stresses in the bar are x = 19 ksi, y = 0, and xy = 0. The normal strains in the x and y directions
can be computed from Eqs. (13.21):
1
1
x ( x y )
[19 ksi (0.307)(0 ksi)]
E
16,700 ksi
1,137.725 106 in./in.
1
1
( y x )
[0 ksi (0.307)(19 ksi)]
E
16,700 ksi
Since xy = 0, the shear strain xy = 0. Using the strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.3)]
n x cos2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
the expected normal strain in the direction of strain gage can be calculated:
n (1,137.725 106 in./in.)cos2 (25) (349.281 106 in./in.)sin 2 (25)
872.136 106 in./in. 872
Ans.
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Solution
We observe that y = 0 and xy = 0 for this bar. The normal strains in the x and y directions for the bar
can be expressed as:
1
1
x ( x y ) x
E
E
1
y ( y x ) x
E
E
Since xy = 0, the shear strain xy = 0.
Write a strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.3)] for the normal strain in the n direction using these
results:
n x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
Ans.
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FIGURE P13.57/58
Solution
Derive an expression for from Eq. (13.18):
E
E
G
1
2(1 )
2G
Determine Poissons ratio from this expression:
E
100 GPa
1
1 0.28205
2G
2(39 GPa)
A strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.3)]
n x cos2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
can be written for the normal strain in the direction of strain gage:
920 x cos2 (35) y sin 2 (35) xy sin(35)cos(35)
Note that the shear strain xy is related to the shear stress xy by Eq. (13.22):
1
xy xy
G
Since xy = 0, the shear strain xy must also equal zero, and the strain transformation equation reduces to:
920 920 106 mm/mm x cos2 (35) y sin 2 (35)
Substitute Eqs. (13.21) for x and y to obtain an expression in terms of x and y:
920 10 6 x cos 2 (35) y sin 2 (35)
1
1
( x y )cos 2 (35) ( y x )sin 2 (35)
E
E
1
1
[ x cos 2 (35) x sin 2 (35)] [ y sin 2 (35) y cos 2 (35)]
E
E
E
E
Substitute the known value of y = 160 MPa and solve for x:
100,000 MPa
160 MPa
x
920 106
[sin 2 (35) (0.28205)cos 2 (35)]
2
2
Ans.
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FIGURE P13.57/58
Solution
Derive an expression for from Eq. (13.18):
E
E
G
1
2(1 )
2G
Determine Poissons ratio from this expression:
E
14,500 ksi
1
1 0.3182
2G
2(5,500 ksi)
(a) A strain transformation equation [Eq. (13.3)]
n x cos2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
can be written for the normal strain in the direction of strain gage:
775 x cos2 (50) y sin 2 (50) xy sin(50)cos(50)
Note that the shear strain xy is related to the shear stress xy by Eq. (13.22):
1
xy xy
G
Since xy = 0, the shear strain xy must also equal zero, and the strain transformation equation reduces to:
775 775 106 in./in. x cos 2 (50) y sin 2 (50)
Substitute Eqs. (13.21) for x and y to obtain an expression in terms of x and y:
775 106 x cos 2 (50) y sin 2 (50)
1
1
( x y )cos 2 (50) ( y x )sin 2 (50)
E
E
It is known that x = 2y. Make this substitution to obtain the following expression:
(775 106 ) E (2 y y )cos 2 (50) ( y 2 y )sin 2 (50)
y [(2 )cos 2 (50) (1 2 )sin 2 (50)]
(775 106 ) E
(2 )cos 2 (50) (1 2 )sin 2 (50)
Compute y:
and x:
x 2 y 2(12.3723 ksi) 24.7446 ksi 24.7 ksi
Ans.
Ans.
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Solution
Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is the
measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
(a)
440 x cos2 (315) y sin 2 (315) xy sin(315)cos(315)
550 x cos2 (0) y sin 2 (0) xy sin(0)cos(0)
870 x cos2 (45) y sin 2 (45) xy sin(45)cos(45)
From Eq. (b):
x 550
Using this result, solve Eqs. (a) and (c) simultaneously to obtain:
y 760
and
xy 430 rad
(b)
(c)
Ans.
3, 759.4 ksi
2(1 ) 2(1 0.33)
and compute the shear stress xy from Eq. (13.20):
xy G xy (3,759.4 ksi)(430 106 rad) 1.6165 ksi 1.617 ksi
Ans.
Ans.
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Solution
Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is the
measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
(a)
300 x cos2 (30) y sin 2 (30) xy sin(30)cos(30)
735 x cos2 (90) y sin 2 (90) xy sin(90)cos(90)
(b)
(c)
Ans.
25,925.926 MPa
2(1 )
2(1 0.35)
and compute the shear stress xy from Eq. (13.20):
xy G xy (25,925.926 MPa)(819.8374 106 rad) 21.2550 MPa 21.3 MPa
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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FIGURE P13.61
Solution
Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, using the
measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
(a)
133 x cos2 (0) y sin 2 (0) xy sin(0)cos(0)
92 x cos2 (120) y sin 2 (120) xy sin(120)cos(120)
(b)
(c)
80,232.558 MPa
2(1 )
2(1 0.29)
and compute the shear stress xy from Eq. (13.20):
xy G xy (80,232.558 MPa)(-262.117 106 rad) 21.030 MPa
To summarize, normal and shear stresses in the x-y plane are:
x 9.195 MPa, y 63.229 MPa, xy 262.117 MPa
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A normal stress transformation equation [Eq. (12-3)] can now be written to determine the normal stress
at an orientation of = 50:
n x cos 2 y sin 2 2 xy sin cos
(9.195 MPa)cos 2 (50) ( 63.229 MPa)sin 2 (50) 2( 21.030 MPa)sin(50)cos(50)
54.016 MPa 54.0 MPa (C)
Ans.
Ans.
A shear stress transformation equation [Eq. (12-4)] can now be written to determine the shear stress at
an orientation of = 50:
nt ( x y )sin cos 2 xy (cos 2 sin 2 )
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point on the free surface of a machine component.
Determine the stresses x, y, and xy at the point.
Problem
E
x
y
xy
310
90
420 rad
28,000 ksi
0.12
P13.62
Solution
From Eqs. (13.23), compute x:
E
28,000 ksi
x
( x y )
[(310 106 ) (0.12)(90 106 )]
2
1
1 (0.12)2
Ans.
and y:
E
28,000 ksi
( y x )
[(90 106 ) (0.12)(310 106 )]
2
1
1 (0.12) 2
12,500.0 ksi
2(1 ) 2(1 0.12)
and compute the shear stress xy from Eq. (13.20):
xy G xy (12,500.0 ksi)(420 106 rad) 5.25 ksi
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point on the free surface of a machine component.
Determine the stresses x, y, and xy at the point.
Problem
E
x
y
xy
860
510
370 rad
73 GPa
0.30
P13.63
Solution
From Eqs. (13.23), compute x:
E
73,000 MPa
x
( x y )
[( 860 106 ) (0.30)(510 106 )]
2
1
1 (0.30) 2
Ans.
and y:
E
73,000 MPa
( y x )
[(510 106 ) (0.30)(860 106 )]
2
1
1 (0.30) 2
28,076.9 MPa
2(1 )
2(1 0.30)
and compute the shear stress xy from Eq. (13.20):
xy G xy (28,076.9 MPa)(370 106 rad) 10.388 MPa 10.39 MPa
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point on the free surface of a machine component.
Determine the stresses x, y, and xy at the point.
Problem
E
x
y
xy
180
790
350 rad
14,000 ksi
0.32
P13.64
Solution
From Eqs. (13.23), compute x:
E
14,000 ksi
x
( x y )
[(180 106 ) (0.32)( 790 106 )]
2
1
1 (0.32) 2
Ans.
and y:
E
14,000 ksi
( y x )
[( 790 106 ) (0.32)(180 106 )]
2
1
1 (0.32) 2
5,303.0 ksi
2(1 ) 2(1 0.32)
and compute the shear stress xy from Eq. (13.20):
xy G xy (5,303.0 ksi)(350 106 rad) 1.856 ksi 1.856 ksi
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point on the free surface of a machine component.
Determine the stresses x, y, and xy at the point.
Problem
E
x
y
xy
470
1,150
880 rad
190 GPa
0.10
P13.65
Solution
From Eqs. (13.23), compute x:
E
190,000 MPa
x
( x y )
[( 470 106 ) (0.10)( 1,150 106 )]
2
1
1 (0.10)2
Ans.
and y:
E
190,000 MPa
( y x )
[( 1,150 106 ) (0.10)( 470 106 )]
2
1
1 (0.10)2
86,373.6 MPa
2(1 )
2(1 0.10)
and compute the shear stress xy from Eq. (13.20):
xy G xy (86,373.6 MPa)( 880 106 rad) 76.000 MPa 76.0 MPa
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain components x, y, and xy are given for a point on the free surface of a machine component.
Determine the stresses x, y, and xy at the point.
Problem
E
x
y
xy
1,330
240
560 rad
100 GPa
0.11
P13.66
Solution
From Eqs. (13.23), compute x:
E
100,000 MPa
x
( x y )
[(1,330 106 ) (0.11)(240 106 )]
2
1
1 (0.11)2
Ans.
and y:
E
100,000 MPa
( y x )
[(240 106 ) (0.11)(1,330 106 )]
2
1
1 (0.11) 2
45,045.0 MPa
2(1 )
2(1 0.11)
and compute the shear stress xy from Eq. (13.20):
xy G xy (45,045.0 MPa)( 560 106 rad) 22.225 MPa 22.2 MPa
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain rosette shown in the Figures P13.67P13.72 was used to obtain
normal strain data at a point on the free surface of a machine component.
Determine:
(a) the stress components x, y, and xy at the point.
(b) the principal stresses and the maximum in-plane shear stress at the point;
show these stresses on an appropriate sketch that indicates the orientation
of the principal planes and the planes of maximum in-plane shear stress.
(c) the magnitude of the absolute maximum shear stress at the point.
Problem
P13.67
165
180
105
E
10,600 ksi
FIGURE P13.67
0.33
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
(a)
165 x cos2 (45) y sin 2 (45) xy sin(45)cos(45)
180 x cos2 (90) y sin 2 (90) xy sin(90)cos(90)
(b)
(c)
Ans.
and y:
E
10,600 ksi
( y x )
[( 180 106 ) (0.33)(120 106 )]
2
1
1 (0.33)2
3,984.96 ksi
2(1 ) 2(1 0.33)
and compute the shear stress xy from Eq. (13.20):
xy G xy (3,984.96 ksi)( 270 106 rad) 1.0759 ksi 1.076 ksi
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
(b) The principal stress magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (12-12):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y
xy2
2
2
(0.7209) ( 1.6701)
(0.7209) ( 1.6701)
2
( 1.0759)
2
2
2
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
xy
1.0759
1.0759
0.9000
( x y ) / 2 [(0.7209) ( 1.6701)] / 2 1.1955
p 20.99
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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220
340
145
E
100 GPa
FIGURE P13.68
0.28
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
(a)
220 x cos2 (0) y sin 2 (0) xy sin(0)cos(0)
340 x cos2 (90) y sin 2 (90) xy sin(90)cos(90)
(b)
(c)
Ans.
and y:
E
100,000 MPa
( y x )
[( 340 106 ) (0.28)(220 106 )]
2
2
1
1 (0.28)
39,062.5 MPa
2(1 )
2(1 0.28)
and compute the shear stress xy from Eq. (13.20):
xy G xy (39,062.5 MPa)(410 106 rad) 16.0156 MPa 16.02 MPa
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
(b) The principal stress magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (12-12):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y
xy2
(13.5417) ( 30.2083)
(13.5417) (30.2083)
2
(16.0156)
2
2
2
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
xy
16.0156
16.0156
0.7321
( x y ) / 2 [(13.5417) ( 30.2083)] / 2 27.8750
p 18.10
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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710
1,005
E
75 28,000 ksi
FIGURE P13.69
0.12
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
(a)
710 x cos2 (270) y sin 2 (270) xy sin(270)cos(270)
1,005 x cos2 (45) y sin 2 (45) xy sin(45)cos(45)
(b)
(c)
Ans.
and y:
E
28,000 ksi
( y x )
[(710 106 ) (0.12)(370 106 )]
2
1
1 (0.12) 2
12,500 ksi
2(1 ) 2(1 0.12)
and compute the shear stress xy from Eq. (13.20):
xy G xy (12,500 ksi)(930 106 rad) 11.6250 ksi 11.63 ksi
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
(b) The principal stress magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (12-12):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y
xy2
2
2
(12.9318) (21.4318)
(12.9318) (21.4318)
2
(11.6250)
2
2
2
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
xy
11.6250
11.6250
2.7353
( x y ) / 2 [(12.9318) (21.4318)] / 2 4.2500
p 34.96
29.5593 ksi
abs max p1
14.78 ksi
2
2
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
750
E
15 210 GPa
FIGURE P13.70
0.31
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
(a)
115 x cos2 (180) y sin 2 (180) xy sin(180)cos(180)
750 x cos2 (300) y sin 2 (300) xy sin(300)cos(300)
(b)
(c)
Ans.
and y:
E
210,000 MPa
( y x )
[(528.3333 10 6 ) (0.31)( 115 10 6 )]
2
2
1
1 (0.31)
80,152.7 MPa
2(1 )
2(1 0.31)
and compute the shear stress xy from Eq. (13.20):
xy G xy (80,152.7 MPa)(-883.3459 106 rad) 70.8025 MPa 70.8 MPa
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
(b) The principal stress magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (12-12):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y
xy2
2
2
(11.3337) (114.4634)
(11.3337) (114.4634)
2
( 70.8025)
2
2
2
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
xy
70.8025
70.8025
1.3731
( x y ) / 2 [(11.3337) (114.4634)] / 2 51.5649
p 26.97
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
220
150
E
280 15,000 ksi
FIGURE P13.71
0.15
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
(a)
220 x cos2 (180) y sin 2 (180) xy sin(180)cos(180)
150 x cos2 (135) y sin 2 (135) xy sin(135)cos(135)
(b)
(c)
Ans.
and y:
E
15,000 ksi
( y x )
[( 280 106 ) (0.15)(220 106 )]
2
1
1 (0.15) 2
6,521.7 ksi
2(1 ) 2(1 0.15)
and compute the shear stress xy from Eq. (13.20):
xy G xy (6,521.7 ksi)(240 106 rad) 1.5652 ksi 1.565 ksi
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
(b) The principal stress magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (12-12):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y
xy2
(2.7315) ( 3.7903)
(2.7315) ( 3.7903)
2
(1.5652)
2
2
2
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
xy
1.5652
1.5652
0.4800
( x y ) / 2 [(2.7315) ( 3.7903)] / 2 3.2609
p 12.82
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
The strain rosette shown in the Figures P13.67P13.72 was used to obtain
normal strain data at a point on the free surface of a machine component.
Determine:
(a) the stress components x, y, and xy at the point.
(b) the principal stresses and the maximum in-plane shear stress at the
point; show these stresses on an appropriate sketch that indicates the
orientation of the principal planes and the planes of maximum inplane shear stress.
(c) the magnitude of the absolute maximum shear stress at the point.
Problem
P13.72
80
170
90
E
96 GPa
FIGURE P13.72
0.33
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
(a)
80 x cos2 (180) y sin 2 (180) xy sin(180)cos(180)
170 x cos2 (120) y sin 2 (120) xy sin(120)cos(120)
(b)
(c)
Ans.
and y:
E
96,000 MPa
( y x )
[(80 106 ) (0.33)( 80 106 )]
2
2
1
1 (0.33)
36,090.2 MPa
2(1 )
2(1 0.33)
and compute the shear stress xy from Eq. (13.20):
xy G xy (36,090.2 MPa)(-300.2221 106 rad) 10.8351 MPa 10.84 MPa
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
(b) The principal stress magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (12-12):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y
xy2
( 5.7744) (5.7744)
( 5.7744) (5.7744)
2
( 10.8351)
2
2
2
Ans.
Ans.
avg 0 MPa
tan 2 p
Ans.
xy
10.8351
10.8351
1.8764
( x y ) / 2 [( 5.7744) (5.7744)] / 2 5.7744
p 30.97
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
590
140
130
E
9,000 ksi
FIGURE P13.73
0.24
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
(a)
590 x cos2 (270) y sin 2 (270) xy sin(270)cos(270)
140 x cos2 (0) y sin 2 (0) xy sin(0)cos(0)
(b)
Ans.
Ans.
(c)
(b) Using these results, the principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
(140 ) (590 )
(140 ) (590 ) 470
2
2
2
2
365 325.3460
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
470
470
1.0444
( x y ) [(140 ) (590 )] 450
p 23.12
Ans.
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Ans.
and p2:
p2
E
9,000 ksi
( p 2 p1 )
[(39.6540 106 ) (0.24)(690.3460 106 )]
2
1
1 (0.24) 2
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
abs max
p1
2
6.6838 ksi
3.34 ksi
2
Ans.
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295
90
E
c
680 103 GPa
FIGURE P13.74
0.28
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
(a)
295 x cos2 (30) y sin 2 (30) xy sin(30)cos(30)
90 x cos2 (90) y sin 2 (90) xy sin(90)cos(90)
(b)
(c)
Ans.
Using this result, solve Eqs. (a) and (c) simultaneously to obtain:
x 680 680
and xy 444.5597 rad 445 rad
Ans.
(b) Using these results, the principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
(680 ) ( 90 )
(680 ) ( 90 ) 444.5597
2
2
2
2
295 444.5597
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
444.5597
444.5597
0.5774
( x y ) [(680 ) ( 90 )]
770
p 15.00
Ans.
p1
E
103,000 MPa
( p1 p 2 )
[(739.5597 10 6 ) (0.28)( 149.5597 10 6 )]
2
2
1
1 (0.28)
Ans.
and p2:
p2
E
103,000 MPa
( p 2 p1 )
[( 149.5597 10 6 ) (0.28)(739.5597 10 6 )]
2
2
1
1 (0.28)
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
abs max
p1
2
77.9746 MPa
39.0 MPa
2
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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The strain rosette shown in the Figures P13.73P13.76 was used to obtain
normal strain data at a point on the free surface of a machine component.
(a) Determine the strain components x, y, and xy at the point.
(b) Determine the principal strains and the maximum in-plane shear
strain at the point.
(c) Using the results from part (b), determine the principal stresses and
the maximum in-plane shear stress. Show these stresses on an
appropriate sketch that indicates the orientation of the principal planes
and the planes of maximum in-plane shear stress.
(d) Determine the magnitude of the absolute maximum shear stress at the
point.
Problem
P13.75
680
220
E
80 17,000 ksi
FIGURE P13.75
0.18
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
(a)
680 x cos2 (300) y sin 2 (300) xy sin(300)cos(300)
220 x cos2 (0) y sin 2 (0) xy sin(0)cos(0)
(b)
(c)
Ans.
Ans.
(b) Using these results, the principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
(220 ) ( 580 )
(220 ) ( 580 ) 692.8203
2
2
2
2
180 529.1503
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
692.8203
692.8203
0.8660
( x y ) [(220 ) ( 580 )]
800
p 20.45
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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Ans.
and p2:
p2
E
17,000 ksi
( p 2 p1 )
[( 709.1503 10 6 ) (0.18)(349.1503 106 )]
2
1
1 (0.18) 2
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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55
110
E
c
35 212 GPa
FIGURE P13.76
0.30
Solution
(a) Write three normal strain transformation equations [Eq. (13.3)], one for each strain gage, where n is
the measured normal strain. In each equation, the angle associated with each strain gage will be
referenced from the positive x axis.
(a)
55 x cos2 (315) y sin 2 (315) xy sin(315)cos(315)
110 x cos2 (0) y sin 2 (0) xy sin(0)cos(0)
(b)
(c)
Using this result, solve Eqs. (a) and (c) simultaneously to obtain:
y 130
and
xy 90 rad
(b) Using these results, the principal strain magnitudes can be computed from Eq. (13.10):
p1, p 2
x y
2
x y xy
2 2
2
( 110 ) (130 )
( 110 ) (130 ) 90
2
2
2
2
10 128.1601
Ans.
Ans.
tan 2 p
xy
90
90
0.3750
( x y ) [( 110 ) (130 )] 240
p 10.28
Ans.
p1
E
212,000 MPa
( p1 p 2 )
[(138.1601 10 6 ) (0.3)( 118.1601 10 6 )]
2
2
1
1 (0.3)
Ans.
and p2:
p2
E
212,000 MPa
( p 2 p1 )
[( 118.1601 10 6 ) (0.3)(138.1601 10 6 )]
2
2
1
1 (0.3)
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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Solution
(a) From the given diameter, the cross-sectional area of the shaft is
From Eqs. (13.21), the normal strains in the x and y directions are
1
1
x ( x y )
[57.767 MPa (0.33)(0 MPa)] 825.248 10 6 mm/mm
E
70,000 MPa
1
1
( y x )
[0 MPa (0.33)(57.767 MPa)] 272.332 10 6 mm/mm
E
70,000 MPa
and since the shear stress is zero, the shear strain is also zero: xy = 0.
Write a normal strain transformation equation for the gage oriented at = 145:
n x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
Ans.
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(b) A normal strain transformation equation can be written for the gage:
n x cos2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
810 x cos 2 (145) y sin 2 (145)
Ans.
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to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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Solution
(a) The cross-sectional area of the hollow shaft is
D4 d 4
(57 mm)4 (47 mm)4 557,271.413 mm4
J
32
32
The maximum shear stress in the hollow aluminum shaft (i.e., the shear stress on the outer surface) is
found from the elastic torsion formula:
Tc (900 N-m)(57 mm / 2)(1,000 mm/m)
max
46.028 MPa
J
557,271.413 mm4
The normal stresses in the x and y directions are zero; therefore, the stresses in the shaft at the location
of the strain gage can be summarized as
x 0 MPa,
y 0 MPa,
xy 46.028 MPa
Note: The negative sign on xy is determined by inspection. The stress element at the location of the
strain gage looks like this:
26,315.8 MPa
2(1 )
2(1 0.33)
and compute the shear strain xy from Eq. (13.22):
46.028 MPa
xy xy
1,749.058 106 rad
G 26,315.8 MPa
Write a normal strain transformation equation for the gage oriented at = 55:
n x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
Ans.
(b) A normal strain transformation equation can be written for the gage:
n x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos
1,400 xy sin(55)cos(55)
recognizing that the normal stresses in the x and y directions are zero.
Ans.
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