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The American regime lasted from 1898 to 1946 during which time Philippine music underwent
another process of transformation.
In the newly established public school system, music was included in the curriculum at the elementary
and later at the high school levels. Music conservatories and colleges were established at the tertiary
level. Graduates from these institutions included the first generation of Filipino composers whose works
were written in western idioms and forms. Their works and those of the succeeding generations of Filipino
composers represent the classical art music tradition which continues to flourish today.
Side by side with this classical art music tradition was a lighter type of music. This semi-classical
repertoire includes stylized folk songs, theater music, and instrumental music. The sarswela tradition
produced a large body of music consisting of songs patterned after opera arias of the day as well as short
instrumental overtures and interludes.
The strong band tradition in the Philippines, which began during the previous Spanish period and
which continues to this day, produced outstanding musicians, composers and performers. Another
popular instrumental ensemble was the rondalla which superceded an earlier type of ensemble called
the cumparsa. The latter was an adaptation of similar instrumental groups, the murza of Mexico and the
estudiantina of Spain.
American lifestyle and pop culture gave rise to music created by Filipinos using western pop forms.
Referred to as Pinoy pop it includes a wide range of forms: folk songs, dance tunes, ballads, Broadway
type songs, rock n roll, disco, jazz, and rap.
These three main streams of Philippine music indigenous, Spanish influenced religious and secular
music, American/European influenced classical, semi-classical, and popular music comprise what we
refer to today as Philippine music.
About the Author:
Corazon Canave-Dioquino musicologist, is a professor at the University of the Philippines, College of
Music where she has taught for the past 42 years.She is actively involved in the collection and archiving
of musical Filipiniana at the UP Center for Ethnomusicology at Diliman, Quezon City.
Source:
http://ncca.gov.ph/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-sca/music/philippine-music-a-historicaloverview/
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At time when paper and pen was not invented the Filipinos sought the help of palm leaves, bamboo
canes and barks of trees and pieces of sharp stick to write the song.
A number of instruments made out of bamboo and wood were created during the primitive days and the
reed type of wind instruments was introduced by the Chinese and the Japanese.
Plucked instruments such as the guitar, banduria, octavina, laud and the banjo were also used to create
music in Philippines. The Gansa and the Kulintang are some of the Muslim Filipino instruments and the
bamboo flute and gong are the mountain region instruments.
The traditional music of the Philippines comprises of Gong music which was further divided on the
region into gangsa and bossed gongs and the Harana and the Kundiman lyrical songs which reminds
the islands of the Spanish period.
The Rondalla is also one of the traditional music which was performed in Philippines using the
mandolins and the guitars. A fragrance of traditional music is also observed in Philippine dance forms
like the Tinikling and Carinosa.
The Philippine madrigal singers have portrayed before the world the tradition of Philippines in the field
of choral music. Today Philippines can proudly say that they have contributed almost 200 choral
composers and arrangers to music.
Pepe Smith, Mike Hanopol and Wally Gonzales laid the roots of rock music in Philippines. Philippine
rock also conducted experiments by adding folk songs to rock. It captured the attention of the younger
generation.
In the 1960s with the song 'Killer Joe' Philippine rock received recognition worldwide for its major
achievement in the history of music. Soon the Philippine rock topped the American charts.
In 1841 the Tondo theatre in Philippines was erected to stage Tagalog plays and the Spanish plays. An
Engineer named Jose Bosch created the Teatro Castellano theatre for the purpose of presenting songs
and plays.
Teatro Comico in manila built in 1970 and the Arroceros theatre near the Mehan garden for performing
Tagalog plays were some of other popular Philippine theatres in the history of Philippine music.
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Source: http://www.themusichistory.com/philippines-music-history.html
I.
Indigenous Music
Largely functional
Expressed either instrumentally, vocally, or a combination of both
Indigenous Musical Instruments
Aerophones
Any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by causing a body of air to
vibrate, without the use of strings or membranes, and without the vibration of the
instrument itself adding considerably to the sound. Best represented by the many
types of bamboo flutes that are found all over the country
2. Nose Flute
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3. Suling of Maguindanao
o This is so called because the blowing end is encircled with a
rattan ring to create mouthpiece
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Ring Flute
Nose Flute
Chordophones
o
o
Any musical instrument which makes sound by way of a vibrating string or strings stretched
between two points
Include bamboo zithers, guitars, violins, and lutes
1. Zither
o
A stringed instrument made from a single bamboo section, around three to four inches in
diameter, with a node at each end. Serving as strings are raised narrow strips of the outer skin
fibers of the bamboo itself, with the ends still attached to the body of the instrument.
Zither
2. Kudyapi/Kudlung
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Kudyapi (Bukidnon)
Two stringed lute made of wood, one string for the melody, one for the drone. Eight frets
originally held in place placed on the neck of the lute by a sticky rubbery substance. The lute is
decorated with floral motives; the tail is carved to represent a stylised crocodile head.
Idiophones
o
o
Any musical instrument which creates sound primarily by way of the instrument vibrating itself,
without the use of strings or membranes
Include bamboo buzzers, percussion sticks and gongs
1. Jaw Harp
o
o
o
o
kubing of Maranao
kolibauTingguian, arudingTagbanua, kolibauTingguian,
A very thin slit of bamboo or brass with a narrow vibrating tongue in the middle longitudinal
section
Considered a speaking intrument, Placed between the lips of the player, its tongue is made to
vibrate by striking the projecting end of the instrument with the thumb or by pulling a string
attached to it. The mouth of the playeracts as the resonator, and as the shape of the mouth
cavity changes, the pitch and quality of the sound varies. This enables the player to
communicate message with his instrument. For this reason, the jews harp is a favorite of
lovers and is played by both men and women. It is thus considered a speaking intrument.
2. Bamboo Buzzer
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o
o
o
It consists of eight gongs placed horizontally in a frame and tuned to a flexible pentatonic or fivetone scale. The kulintang ensemble is often considered as the most cultivated of the regions
musical expressions. Aside from being a medium of entertainment and hospitality, the kulintang
also serves as a vehicle for social interaction and group solidarity and for learning ethical
principles
AGUNG (Bagobo)
Bangibang
Membranophones
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Vocal Forms
o
o
o
o
o
o
Songs mark every stage of human development from birth and infancy to adulthood and death,
night and day, and many occasions in the cycle of natural events and the flow of human
activities whether personal, social, economic, political, spiritual or cosmic.
II.
Improvisation
Low and limited range of notes
Melodic ornamentations
Greater variety of voice quality
Chant-like monotone singing in most groups
Rhythmic freedom
large number of reiterated and marked accents on one vowel
Spanish-European Influenced
Liturgical music
Gregorian chant
Pasyon
Secular music
Harana
Kundiman
Rondalla
Sarswela
1. Harana
o
o
o
2. Kundiman
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o
o
A lyrical song made popular in the Philippines in the early 19th century
Almost all traditional Filipino love songs in this genre are heavy with poetic emotion
3. Rondalla
o
o
o
III.
American influenced
o
o
o
o
IV.
o
o
o
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Neo-classicism
Conservatory of Music
popularity of American rocknroll, pop music, dance,
and disco
tunog-lata
Post Liberation
o
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Filipino Rock
Killer Joe by Rocky Fellers
Manila Sound
Folk rock
Original Pinoy Music
Filipino Hip Hop and RnB
Contemporary Philippine Music