Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Ana-Maria Cretu
Marwa Fouad
Contents
Definition. Purposes
Types of Watermarks
Properties
Limitations
Text-Based Watermarking
Image Watermarking
Video Watermarking
Audio Watermarking
3D Watermarking
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Purpose of Watermarking:
Copyright Protection
Fingerprinting
Copy Protection
Broadcasting Monitoring
Data Authentication
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Watermark
Watermark
Embedder
Embedder
Watermarked Work
Detected
Detected
Watermark
Watermark
Message
Message
Watermark
Watermark
Detector
Detector
Optional
Key
Key
Watermark
Watermark
Message
Message
Types of Watermarks
Perceptibility
visible/audible
invisible/inaudible
Inserted media
Robustness
text
audio
Video
fragile
semi-fragile
Robust
blind
informed
noise
Image
Processing Method
spatial
spectral
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Limitations
Image processing operations
Attacks
Robustness attack
Presentation attack
Interpretation attack
Legal attack
Embedded Effectiveness
Fidelity
Data Payload
Blind/Informed Detection
False Positive Rate
Robustness
Security
Cost
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Text-based Watermarking
Image Watermarking
Audio Watermarking
Video Watermarking
3D Watermarking
Text-Based Watermarking
Uses
protect electronic
Challenges
documents
marking copies
uniquely
making necessary
for a recipient to
distribute
provide personal
electronically
information
(scanning, OCR)
using encryption
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inter-sentence spacing
end-of-line spaces
inter-word spacing
Syntactic Methods
Semantic Methods
Correlation-Based Techniques
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Correlation-Based Techniques
Watermark Detected
Gain Factor
Secret Key
Random Noise
Generator
>T
Correlator
Thresholding
<T
Watermark not Detected
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Frequency-Based Techniques
DCT
Coefficients
Random
Pattern
generated
using a secret
key
4 16 4 4 36 0 1 0 16 .. 1 36 25
1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0
1 .. 1 0
5 16 5 5 37 0 2 0 17 .. 2 36 25
Watermarked Coefficients
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Scaling Factor
Spreading
Secret Key
Video Watermarking
Uses
copyright protection
)
content ownership
content misuse
proof of purchase
conditional access
hidden annotations
)
labeling
Challenges
fast
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Raw Video
Compressed Video
not possible
direct manipulation is
access to DCT
coefficients
10
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Original
Watermarked
11
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Audio Watermarking
Uses
Characteristics
levels
system
imperfect detector
users needs
masking phenomenon - a
component is imperceptible in
the presence of another signal
(marker)
Frequency Masking
if two signals which occur simultaneously are close together in frequency, the
stronger masking signal may make the weaker signal inaudible.
readily obtained from the current generation of high quality audio codecs
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Temporal Masking
pre-masking
Low-Bit Coding
Phase Coding
Echo Coding
13
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Phase Coding
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Echo Coding
Watermarked
Original
Original
Watermarked
Echo Coding
Phase Coding
DSSS
Frequency Hopped Spread Spectrum
Frequency Masking
15
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3D Watermarking
Uses
Challenges
more CAD-based 3D
copyright-related
operations
problems
synchronization problems
3D Watermarking Techniques
Shape
mesh-altering methods
)
Shape attributes - vertex colour, vertex texture coordinates, line colour, face
colour, volume colour, etc.
16
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Technique:
Advantages:
Drawbacks:
Technique:
Advantages:
Drawbacks:
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Technique:
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
3D Watermarking Example
Head
Bunny
Dragon
Original
Watermarked
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Questions?
19