QUESTION BANK

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SUBJECT CODE: EC2301 SEM / YEAR : V / III
SUBJECT NAME : DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

UNIT-1 : DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Part A ( 2 Marks)
1. Give the mathematical form of sampling process
2. List out uses of sampling theorem
3. Define instantaneous sampling
4. What is anti alising effect
5. What is PWM
6. List out the types of Quantization
7. Define bandwidth.
8. Transfer 01101001 in to Manchester code
9. What is noise consideration in PCM
10. Define processing gain.

Part B
1. Drive the expression for the sampling process in time domain. (16)
2. What are all the types of sampling technique and explain about any two. (16)
3. a. Explain the generation of PPM and PWM with neat circuit diagram. (8)
b. Explain the quantization process with PCM block diagram. (8)
4. Write brief notes on 1) TDM(8 )
2) FDM (8)
5. Compare DM with ADM and explain linear prediction filter. (16)

UNIT -2 : BASEBAND FORMATTING TECHNIQUES

Part A ( 2 Marks)
1. Define matched filter
2. What is decision device
3. Draw the block diagram of base band binary data transmission system
4. What is Nyquist channel
5. Draw the frequency and time response of raised cosine spectrum
6. What you mean by correlative level coding
7. Define LMSA
8. What is DFE
9. List out the use of eye patterns
10.Define zero crossing effect

Part B
1. Derive the expression for the matched filter and prove any one property. (16)
2. Prove the effect ISI using necessary block diagram and design. (16)
3. Write brief notes on Nyquists criterion for distortion less base band binary transmission. (16)
4. Explain the six array PAL transmission. (16)
5. Why do we adoptive equalizer and design any one type of adoptive equalizer.

UNIT 3: BASEBAND CODING TECHNIQUES

Part - A ( 2 Marks)
1. Define FSK
2. Draw the Basic block diagram of FSK
3. Define MFSK
4. Draw the wave form of the MPSK
5. What is MSK
6. Define Non-coherent FSK
7. Differentiate coherent FSK from Non-coherent FSK
8. What do you mean by Probability error.
9. Define Passband transmission.
10 Draw the baseband signal.

Part B
1. Derive the expression for the BPSK technique. (16)
2. Explain the MFSK and derive the pe. (16)
3. Draw the space diagram of MSK and explain about the same. (16)
4. Derive the error probability expression for the MPSK. (16)
5. Compare the all types of Passband transmission. (16)

Unit- 4: BASEBAND RECEPTION TECHNIQUES

Part A ( 2 Marks)
1. Define the Channel coding
2. List out the uses of the Channel Coding
3. Differentiate Sourced coding from the Channel coding.
4. Prove any two properties of Block Codes.
5. What is syndrome?
6. Define Code rate.
7. What is BSC?
8. Draw the channel diagram of the BPSK system
9. What is turbo codes
10. Define CRC.

Part B
1. Explain the channel coding technique used in the Block codes. (16)
2. What are all the message vectors can be extracted from the
code vector that was generated by 1+X+X3. (16)
3. Explain the Viterbi algorithm for the detection of any two
message vectors (One Word) from the code vectors that
were generated by (111), (101) and (011). (16)
4. Explain the construction of Block Code and
Explain how error syndrome is calculated. (16)
5. Explain in detail about Orthogonal codes, Biorthogonal codes and
Transorthogonal codes. (16)

UNIT- 5: BANDPASS SIGNAL TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION

Part A ( 2 Marks)
1) What are all the types of SSM
2) What is the use of PN sequence
3) List out the prosperities of PN sequence
4) What is the processing gain of SSM.
5) Define jamming margin
6) Define FHSSM
7) Define SFHSS.
8) Define FFHSM.
9) Draw the PN sequence generator for [6,4,2,1]
10) What you mean by runs in PN sequence
11) State the Gold Theorem.

Part B
1. Generate the PN sequence for [5, 4, 3, 1] and prove the all properties of the same. (16)
2. List out and prove the Properties of the PN sequence. (16)
3. Explain the concept of DS/BPSK. (16)
4. List out the uses of the FH. Explain the FH techniques with the frequency spectrum. (16)
5. Write shorts notes on
1. Probability Error. (4)
2. Jamming Margin (4)
3. (S/N) of the DS System. (8)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK
TWO MARKS:
1. Define about DFT and IDFT?
2. Find the values of W Nk ,When N=8, k=2 and also for k=3.
3. Compare DIT radix-2 FFT and DIF radix -2 FFT.
4. Draw the radix-2 FFTDIF butterfly diagram.
5. Draw the radix-2 FFTDIT butterfly diagram.
6. What is the necessity of sectioned convolution in signal processing?
7. Define Correlation of the sequence.
8. State any two DFT properties.
9. Why impulse invariant transformation is not a one-to-one mapping?
PART - B
1. a) Compute 4- point DFT of casual three sample sequence is given by,
x(n) = 1/3, 0_n_2 = 0, else

(10)

b) State and prove shifting property of DFT.

(6)

2. Derive and draw the radix -2 DIT algorithms for FFT of 8 points.

(16)

3. Compute the DFT for the sequence {1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1}. Using radix -2 DIF
FFT and radix -2 DIT- FFT algorithm.

(16)

4. Find the output y(n) of a filter whose impulse response is h(n) = {1, 1, 1} and
input signal x(n) = {3, -1, 0, 1, 3, 2, 0, 1, 2, 1}. Using Overlap add overlap save
method.

(16)

5. In an LTI system the input x(n) = {1, 1, 1}and the impulse response h(n) = {-1, }Determine the response of LTI system by radix -2 DIT FFT

(16)

6. Find the output y(n) of a filter whose impulse response is h(n) = {1, 1, 1} and
input signal x(n) = {3, -1, 0, 1, 3, 2, 0, 1, 2, 1}. Using Overlap save method (16)

UNIT-II: DIGITAL FILTERS DESIGN

TWO MARKS:
1. Differentiate IIR filters and FIR filters.
2. Write the characteristics features of Hanning window

3. Define pre-warping effect? Why it is employed?

4. Give any two properties of Butterworth filter.
5. When a FIR filter is said to be a linear phase FIR filter
6. Write the characteristics features of rectangular window.
7. Write the expression for Kaiser window function..
8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of FIR filters?
9. Write the characteristics features of Hamming window
10. Why mapping is needed in the design of digital filters?
PART - B
1 . With a neat sketch explain the design of IIR filter using impulse invariant
transformation.

(16)

2. Apply impulse invariant transformation to H(S) = (S +1) (S + 2) with T =1sec and

find H(Z).

(16)

3. For a given specifications of the desired low pass filter is

0.707 _ |H(_)| _1.0, 0 _ _ _ 0.2_|H(_)| _ 0.08, 0.4 _ _ _ _ _
Design a Butterworth filter using bilinear transformation.

(16)

4. Explain the procedural steps the design of low pass digital Butterworth filter
and list its properties.

(16)

5. The normalized transfer function of an analog filter is given by,

1Ha(Sn)= Sn2 + 1.414Sn +1 with a cutoff frequency of 0.4 _, using bilinear
transformation.

(16).

6. List the three well known methods of design technique for IIR filters and
explain any one.

(16)

7. Design a low pass filter using rectangular window by taking 9 samples of w(n)
and with a cutoff frequency of 1.2 radians/sec.Using frequency sampling method,
design a band pass FIR filter with the following specification. Sampling frequency
Fs =8000 Hz, Cutoff frequency fc1 =1000Hz, fc2 =3000Hz.Determine the filter
coefficients for N =7.

(16)

8. Design an ideal high pass filter with Hd(ej _) = 1 ; _/4 _ | _| _ _= 0 ; | _| _ _/4

Using Hamming window with N =11

(16)

9. Determine the coefficients of a linear phase FIR filter of length N =15 which
has a symmetric unit sample response and a frequency response that satisfies
the conditions H (2 _k /15) = 1; for k = 0, 1, 2, 3
= 0.4 ; for k = 4
= 0; for k = 5, 6, 7

(16)

10. Design and implement linear phase FIR filter of length N =15 which has
following unit sample sequence H(k) = 1 ; for k = 0, 1, 2, 3
= 0 ; for k =4, 5, 6, 7

(16)

11. Convert the analog filter in to a digital filter whose system function is
S + 0.2 H(s) = (S + 0.2)2 + 9.Use Impulse Invariant Transformation .Assume
T=1sec

(16)

12. The Analog Transfer function H(s)= ----------------.Determine H(Z) .Using

Impulse (S+1) (S+2) Invariant Transformation .Assume T=1sec .

(8)

13. Apply Bilinear Transformation to H(s)= ------------- with T=0.1 sec.

(8)

(S+2)(S+3)

UNIT-III: EFFECTS OF FINITE WORD LENGTH

TWO MARKS:
1. What are the effects of finite word length in digital filters?
2. List the errors which arise due to quantization process.
3. Discuss the truncation error in quantization process.
4. Write expression for variance of round-off quantization noise.
5. What is sampling?
6. Define limit cycle Oscillations, and list out the types.
7. When zero limit cycle oscillation and Over flow limit cycle oscillation has
occur?
8. Why? Scaling is important in Finite word length effect.
9. What are the differences between Fixed and Binary floating point number
representation?
10. What is the error range for Truncation and round-off process?
PART - B

1. The output of an A/D is fed through a digital system whose system function is
H(Z)=(1-_)z /(z-_), 0<_<1.Find the output noise power of the digital system. (8)
2. The output of an A/D is fed through a digital system whose system function is
H(Z)=0.6z/z-0.6. Find the output noise power of the digital system=8 bits

(8)

3. Discuss in detail about quantization effect in ADC of signals. Derive the

expression for Pe(n) and SNR.

(16)

4 a. Write short notes on limit cycle oscillation

(8)

b. Explain in detail about signal scaling

(8)

5. A digital system is characterized by the difference equation

Y(n)=0.95y(n-1)+x(n).determine the dead band of the system when x(n)=0 and
y(-1)=13.

(16)

6. Two first order filters are connected in cascaded whose system functions of
theIndividual sections are H1(z)=1/(1-0.8z- ) and
H2(z)=1/(1-0.9z ).Determine the Over all output noise power.

(16)

UNIT-IV: POWER SPECTRUM ESTIMATION

TWO MARKS
1. What is the need for spectral estimation?
2. How can the energy density spectrum be determined?
3. What is autocorrelation function?
4. What is the relationship between autocorrelation and spectral density?
5. Give the estimate of autocorrelation function and power density for random
signals?
6. Obtain the expression for mean and variance for the autocorrelation function of
random signals.
7. Define period gram.

PART - B
1. Explain how DFT and FFT are useful in power spectral estimation.

(10)

2. Explain Power spectrum estimation using the Bartlett window.

(8)

3. Obtain the mean and variance of the averaging modified period gram estimate.
(16)
4. How is the Blackman and Turkey method used in smoothing the
Periodogram?

(10)

5. Derive the mean and variance of the power spectral estimate of the Blackman
and Turkey method.

(10)

6. What are the limitations of non-parametric methods in spectral estimation? (8)

7. How the parametric methods overcome the limitations of the non-parametric
methods?

(10)

UNIT-V: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

TWO MARKS:
1. What are the factors that influence the selection of DSPs.
2 .What are the advantages and disadvantages of VLIW architecture?
3. What is pipelining? and What are the stages of pipelining?
4. What are the different buses of TMS 320C5x processor and list their functions
5. List the various registers used with ARAU.
6. What are the shift instructions in TMS 320 C5x.
7. List the on-chip peripherals of C5x processor.
PART - B
1. Explain in detail about the applications of PDSP (10)
2. Explain briefly:
(i). Von Neumann architecture (5)
(ii). Harvard architecture (5)
(iii).VLIW architecture (6)
3. Explain in detail about
(i). MAC unit (8 )
(ii). Pipelining (8)
4. Draw and explain the architecture of TMS 320C5x processor (16)
5. Explain in detail about the Addressing modes of TMS 320C50 (16)
********

QUESTION BANK
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION
2 Marks
1. Discuss the stored program concept.What are its advantages and disadvantages?
2. Why data bus is bidirectional and address bus is unidirectional in most
microprocessors?

(MAY/JUNE 2007)

3. What is a bus? What are the different buses in a CPU?

( NOV/DEC 2006)

4. Define 3-address,2-address,1-address,0 -address instruction with an example.

(MAY/JUNE 2006)
5. What is the information conveyed by addressing modes?

(NOV/DEC 2007)

6. Registers R1 and R2 of a computer contain the decimal values 1200 and 4600. What
is the effective address of the memory operand in each of the following instructions?
(a) Load 20(R1), R5
(b) Add - (R2), R5

(APRIL/MAY 2008)

7. What is the use of condition code register?

(APRIL/MAY 2008)

8. Distinguish between auto increment and auto decrement addressing mode.

(APRIL/MAY 2010)
9. What is meant by ENIAC & EDVAC?
10. Write the general format for the Fixed point & floating numbers .
11. Define addressing mode.
12. What is a bus? What are the different buses in a CPU?
13. Define underflow and overflow.

8 or 16 Marks
1. Describe the different classes of instruction format with example.
2. Write notes on Instruction formats.

(NOV/DEC 2007) & ( NOV/DEC 2006)

3. Explain about Instruction & Instruction Sequencing?

( NOV/DEC 2006)

4. Describe Von Neumann Architecture (IAS Computer) in detail.

5. Explain in detail about the first generation of computer.
4. Explain the different types of Addressing modes with suitable examples.
(APRIL/MAY 2008)
6. Explain various instruction formats in detail.
(APRIL/MAY 2008) & (MAY/JUNE 2006)
7. Explain about Addressing modes?
(NOV/DEC 2007) & ( NOV/DEC 2006) & (MAY/JUNE 2007)
8. Registers R1 and R2 of a computer contains the decimal values 1200 and 2400
respectively. What is the effective address of the memory operand in each of the
following instructions?
i.

Load 20(R1), R5

ii.

Add (R2) , R5

iii.

Move #3000, R5

iv.

Sub (R1)+, R5

(MAY/JUNE 2006)

9. With a neat block diagram explain in detail about typical CPU.

10. With a a neat block diagram explain the Accumulator based CPU.
11. What are the different ways system can be designed? Explain in detail.

Question Bank
UNIT II
DATAPATH DESIGN
2 Marks
1.Draw the full adder circuit

(NOV/DEC 2007)

2.Define Spatial expansion.

(APRIL/MAY 2008)

3.Define Temporal expansion.

(APRIL/MAY 2008)

4.Define underflow and overflow.

(APRIL/MAY 2008)

5.What are the disadvantages in using a ripple carry adder?

(NOV/DEC 2006)

6.What is pipelining and what are the advantages of pipelining?

7.What is carry look ahead adder?

8.What is an ALU expansion? List out its types.
9.What is ripple-carry adder?
10.what is coprocessor?
11.What is modified Booth algorithm?

8 or 16 Marks
1. Illustrate Booth Algorithm with an example.
2. Design a 4-bit Carry-Look ahead Adder and explain its operation with an example.
(APRIL/MAY 2008) & (NOV/DEC 2007)
3. Draw the diagram of a carry look ahead adder and explain the carry look ahead
adder principle.
(NOV/DEC 2006)
4. Design a 4-bit binary adder/ subtractor and explain its functions.
(APRIL/MAY 2008)
5. Give the algorithm for multiplication of signed 2s complement numbers and
illustrate with an example.
(APRIL/MAY 2008)
6. Write the algorithm for division of floating point numbers and illustrate with an
example.
(APRIL/MAY 2008)
7. Explain the working of a floating point adder/ subtractor.Explain how floating point
additional/ subtraction is performed. (MAY/JUNE 2006) & (NOV/DEC 2006)
8. Give the IEEE standard double precision floating point format.
(NOV/DEC 2006)
9. Explain the representation of floating point numbers in detail.(MAY/JUNE 2007)
10. Design a 4-stage instruction pipeline and show how its performance is improved
over sequential execution.

11. Explain Booth multiplication (2s complement)algorithm and using this

algorithm perform the multiplication on the following 6-bit unsigned integer
110011 * 101100.
12. Explain Robertson algorithm and using this algorithm perform the multiplication on
the following 6-bit unsigned integer 10101010 * 11001110
13. Using Booth algorithm perform the multiplication on the following 6-bit unsigned
integer 10110011 * 11010101
14. Using Robertson algorithm perform the multiplication on the following 6-bit
unsigned integer 10110011 * 11010101
15. Explain non restoring division algorithm and using this algorithm perform the
division on the following 5-bit unsigned integer 1111 / 0011.

16. With a neat block diagram explain in detail about Combinational, sequential
ALU and the expansion of ALU.
17. With a neat block diagram explain in detail about the coprocessor.
18. Explain modified Booth algorithm with an example.

Question Bank

UNIT-III
CONTROL DESIGN
2 Marks
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of hard wired and micro programmed
control?

(NOV/DEC 2007)

2. What is microprogram?

(NOV/DEC 2009)

3. State the difference between hardwired control and micro programmed control
unit.

(MAY/JUNE 2007)

4. What is hardwired control?

5. What is micro programmed control?
6. Define Control word (CW) & Control store.
7. Draw the structure of hard wired control unit.
8. Draw the structure of micro programmed control unit.
9. How do we measure the performance of a computer?
10. What is meant by Nano programming?
11. What is the work of Nano control memory?

8 or 16 Marks
1. Explain the Organization of Hardwired control in detail. (NOV/DEC 2006)
2. Explain the Organization of Micro programmed control unit in detail.
(NOV/DEC 2007) & (MAY/JUNE 2006) & ( NOV/DEC 2006)
3. List the differences between hardwired control and micro programmed control?
(APRIL/MAY 2008)
4. Explain Microprogrammed Control Unit. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of it?
(APRIL/MAY 2008)
5. Explain about Superscalar Operation.

6. Explain the performance of pipelining.

7. Write short notes on Nanoprogramming.
8. Explain about Multiplier control unit.
9. Explain about cpu control unit.

Question Bank
UNIT-IV
MEMORY SYSTEM

2 Marks
1. Give the features of a ROM cell

(APRIL/MAY 2008)

2. List the differences between static RAM and dynamic RAM.

(APRIL/MAY 2008)
3. Define Locality of Reference.

(NOV/DEC 2009)&(APRIL/ MAY 2008)

4. What is Translation Look aside Buffer?

5. Define memory access time.
6. Define memory cycle time.
7. Define data transfer rate.
8. Define Cache memory.
9. Define Virtual Memory.
10. What are the advantages of SRAM?
11. Define Asynchronous DRAMS.
12. Define Synchronous DRAMS.
13. Define Memory latency & memory bandwidth.
14. What is Read only memory (ROM)?
15. What is Random Access Memory (RAM)?
16. What is PROM?
17. What is EPROM?
18. What is EEPROM?
19. Draw the structure of Memory hierarchy.
20. What is replacement algorithm?

(MAY/JUNE 2006)

21. What is write-through protocol?

22. What is write-back (or) copy-back protocol?
23. What is mapping & when do you apply the mapping techniques?
24. What is hit rate & miss rate?

8 or 16 Marks
1. Describe the organization of a typical RAM chip.
2. Explain about Static & Dynamic memory systems.

(MAY/JUNE 2007)
(NOV/DEC 2007)

3. Write note on:

i.

ROM technologies.

ii.

Set associative mapping of cache.

4. Explain about Cache memory in detail.

(NOV/DEC 2006)

5. What is mapping? Explain its types in detail.

(MAY/JUNE 2006)

6. Explain various mechanisms of mapping main memory address into cache

memory addresses.
7. Explain the performance factors in memory.

(APRIL/MAY 2008)
(MAY/JUNE 2006)

8. Explain the concept of memory hierarchy(NOV/DEC 2007)&( NOV/DEC 2006)

9. Explain how the virtual address is converted into real address in a paged virtual
memory system.

(APRIL/MAY 2008)

10. Discuss the address translation mechanism and the different page replacement
policies used in a virtual memory system.

(MAY/JUNE 2006)

11. Describe the working principle of a typical magnetic disk.(APRIL/MAY 2008)

12. Define Cache Mapping Functions. Explain the methods.
13. How a virtual address gets translated into a physical address? Explain in detail
with a neat diagram. Explain the use of TLB.
(APRIL/MAY 2008)&( NOV/DEC 2006) & (MAY/JUNE 2007)
14. What is virtual memory? How is it implemented?

(NOV/DEC 2007)

15. Discuss the various memory types and mention their advantages
(NOV/DEC 2009)
16. Explain the operation of Associative cache memories.

(NOV/DEC 2009)

17. Explain virtual memory concept in detail.

UNIT-V
SYSTEM ORGANIZATION
PART-A
1. What is a bus? What are the different buses in a CPU? ( NOV/DEC 2006)
2. Why are interrupt masks provided in any processor?

(MAY/JUNE 2006)

3. What is priority interrupt?

(APRIL/MAY 2008)

4. What are advantages of using interrupt initiated data transfer over transfer under
program control without interrupt?

(MAY/JUNE 2007)

5. What is the difference between subroutine and interrupt services routine?

(NOV/DEC 2007)
6. What is Direct Memory Access (DMA)? And state its advantages.
7. 7. Why do we need DMA?

(NOV/DEC 2007)

8. Why does DMA have priority over the CPU when both request a memory
transfer?

(MAY/JUNE 2007)

9. How does bus arbitration typically work?

(MAY/JUNE 2006)

10. What is the necessity of an interface?

(NOV/DEC 2006)

11. Compare CISC v/s RISC

12. What is an operating system? What is necessity of operating system?
13. What do you mean by fault tolerance?
14. What do you mean by static redundancy?
15. What do you mean by dynamic redundancy?
16. What is n-modular redundancy?
17. Give the difference between static and dynamic redundancies.
18. State any four ways to measure fault tolerance.
19. What is MTTF?
20. What is MTTR?

PART-B
1. Design parallel priority interrupt hardware for a system with eight interrupt
source.

(MAY/JUNE 2007)

2. Explain how DMA transfer is accomplished with a neat diagram.

( NOV/DEC 2006)
3. Draw the typical block diagram of a DMA controller and explain how it is used
for direct data transfer between memory and peripherals.
(APRIL/MAY 2008) & (MAY/JUNE 2007)
4. Explain the use of vectored interrupts in processors. Why is priority handling
desired in interrupt controllers? How do the different priority schemes work?
5. (MAY/JUNE 2006)
6. Write short notes on:
7. DMA.
8. Bus Arbitration

(NOV/DEC 2007)

9. Explain different mechanisms used for bus arbitration.

10. Write short notes on IOP.
11. Discuss various techniques used for fault tolerance.
12. What are the different ways in which redundancy can be made use of provide
fault tolerance?
13. Write short notes on Programmed I/O.

DEPARTMENT OF ECE
QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT: MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER
2304

CODE: EC

UNIT-1
PART-A (2 MARKS)
1. How many memory locations are available in 8086 microprocessor?
2. What are the flags available in 8086 microprocessor?
3. What are the general purpose registers in 8086?
4. What are the functional units in 8086?
5. What is the purpose of BIU?
6. What is the purpose of EU?
7. What is the purpose of segment register?
8. What are the segment registers in 8086?
9. What is the function of IP?
10. What is the function of control unit?
11. What is the use of base pointer register?
12. Mention the index registers of 8086.
13. What are the flags in 8086? What are the various interrupts in 8086?
14. What is meant by Maskable interrupts?
15. What is Non-Maskable interrupts?
16. Which interrupts are generally used for critical events
17. Give examples for Maskable interrupts?
18. Give example for Non-Maskable interrupts?
19. What is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086?
20. What are the various segment registers in 8086?
21. Which Stack is used in 8086
22. What are the address lines for the software interrupts?
23. What are the address lines for the hardware interrupts? 24. Which Segment is used to store interrupt and subroutine return address registers?
25. Which Flags can be set or reset by the programmer and also used to control the
operation of the processor?

PART-B (16 MARKS)

1. Draw the block diagram of 8086 mp and explain? (12)

2. Explain the architecture of Intel 8086 with the help of a block diagram? (12)
3. Describe the sequence of event that may occur during the different T state in the
opcode fetch machine cycle of 8086?
(8)
4. List out the maskable and non maskable interrupts available in 8086? (6)
5. Explain the Maximum mode of operation of 8086. (12)
6. Write short notes on addressing memory.
(4)
7. Explain the minimum mode of operation of 8086. (12)
8. Write notes on addressing input and output devices? (4)
9. Design an 8086 based system in minimum mode containing 64kb of EPROM
and64kb of RAM
(12)
10. Give the functions of NMI, BHE and TEST pins of 8086? (4)
11. Explain the various multiprocessor configurations.
(16)
12. Discuss in detail the various signal of 8086. (10)
13. Explain in detail about 8086 memory banks and associated signals for byte
andword operations.
(6)

UNIT-II
PART-A (2 MARKS)
1. What is SIM and RIM instructions?
2. Which is the tool used to connect the user and the computer?
3. What is the position of the Stack Pointer after the PUSH instruction?
4. What is the position of the Stack Pointer after the POP instruction?
5. Logic calculations are done in which type of registers?
6. What are the different functional units in 8086?
7. Give examples for Micro controllerWhat is meant by cross-compiler?
8. What is the purpose of CLK signal in an 8086 system?
9. Differentiate the operating modes of 8086 processor?
10. What is a segment override prefix? Give an example.
11. What is the use of LATCH signal on the data lines?
12. What is the need for MN/MX pin in 8086 system?
13. What is the purpose of QUEUE in 8086 processor?
14. Give the operation of CBW and TEST instructions of 8086?
15. List few string instructions of 8086?
16. What is the use of LOCK prefix?
17. What is the purpose of REP prefix?
18. What are assembler directives?
19. What are the advantages of ALP?
20. Define a MACRO?

21. What is MACRO expansion?

22. What are the types of Multiprocessor configuration?
23. What is Co-processor?
PART-B (16MARKS)
Write an assembly language program to add two 2-digits BCD Number? (4)
Explain the instruction set of 8086?
(10)
Write notes on status flag?
(6)
Explain the similarities diff b/w subtract and compare instructions in 8086
Write an assembly language program to convert on array of ASCII code to
correspondingbinary (hex) value. The ASCII array is stored starting from
4200H.The first element of thenumber of elements in the array.
(8)
6. Explain addressing modes of 8086? (10)
7. Write an ALP to Add two 8 bit numbers? (4)
8. How do the instructions of 8086 is classified based on their function and
word length?Give an example?
(8)
9. Explain the 8086 Bit Manipulation instructions with an example for
each. (6)
10. Write an 8086 program to convert BCD Data to Binary Data. (8)
Explain the Relative addressing mode and the Implied addressing
mode with its syntax. Use an example. (8)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

UNIT-III
PART-A (2 MARKS)
1. Name the two modes of operation of DMA controller?
2. List the operating modes of 8253 timer.
3. Give the control word format of timer?
4. What is the use of USART?
5. Compare serial and parallel communication.
6. What is the use of Keyboard and display controller?
7. What are the functions performed by 8279?
8. What is PPI?
9. Give the control word format for I/O mode of 8255?
10. Give the BSR mode format of 8255.
11. What is the need for interrupt controller?
12. What are the registers present in 8259?
13. What are the applications of 8253?
14. Define interrupts.
15. Define DMA process.

16. Give the status word format of 8257.

17. What are the types of serial data communication?
18. What is baud rate?
19. What is USART?
20. What are the features of 8279?
21. List some of the features of INTEL 8259 (Programmable Interrupt Controller)
22. What are the control words of 8251A and what are its functions ?
23. What are the display modes supported by the 8279 chip?
24. Name any two coprocessors and their use.
25. Give the format of program clock word of 8279 and mention its purpose.
26. Mention any two coprocessors and their use.
27. What is 2 key lockout and n key roolover?
28. Name the two types of CRT display systems.
29. What do you mean by leading edge and trailing edge problems in hexadecimal
keyboards?
30. State any two main functions of a CRT controller.
PART-B (16 MARKS)
1. Draw the Block diagram and explain the operations of 8251 serial communication
interface. (16)
2. Draw the Block diagram of 8279 and explain the functions of each block. (16)
3. Draw the block diagram of programmable interrupt controller and explain its
operations.(16)
4. Discuss in detail about the operation of timer along with its various modes. (16)
5. Draw the Block diagram of DMA controller and explain its operations.
6. Explain the 8279 keyboard and display controller with a neat sketch.
7. Describe the architecture and working of 8253 timer
UNIT IV
PART-A (2 MARKS)
1. What is Micro controller?
2. What is the difference between microprocessor & micro controller?
3. List the addressing modes of 8051?
4. Explain the instructions used to access external RAM.
5. List the features of 8051 microcontroller?
6. Explain the interrupts of 8051 microcontroller?
7. What is the function of program counter in 8051?
8. Write about the jump statement?
9. Write about CALL statement in 8051?
10. Explain the operating mode0 of 8051 serial ports?

11. Explain the operating mode2 of 8051 serial ports?

12. Explain the mode3 of 8051 serial ports?
PART B (16 MARKS)
1. With neat sketch explain the architecture of 8051 microcontroller. (16)
2. Draw the Pin Diagram of 8051 and explain the function of various
3. signals. (16)
4. List the various Instruction available in 8051 microcontroller. (16)
5. Explain the memory structure of 8051 (16)
6. Explain the I/O port structure of 8051. (16)
7. Draw the pin configuration of 8051, Explain each pin.
8. Explain the instruction set of 8051. (16)
9. MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER
10. Draw the format of SCON register. Explain different bits in it. (16)
11. Write an assembly language program to find Fibonacci Series of N given
term. (16)
12. Write an assembly language program for stepper motor control.
UNIT V
PART-A (2 MARKS)
1. How is the microcontroller used for the traffic light control application?
Differentiate microprocessor from microcontroller in system design.
2. What are the design considerations for washing machine control?
3. What are the advantages of 8051 microcontroller in washing machine control?
4. How is stepper motor interfaced with microcontroller?
5. What is I2C?
PART B (16 MARKS)
1. Explain how microcontrollers and microprocessors can be used for the
washing machine control application. Use sketches.
2. Explain with a neat sketch how microcontrollers and microprocessors can
be used for the stepper motor control application.
3. Explain in the detail the process involved in the design of traffic light controller
with example.

EC2305 TRANSMISSION LINES & WAVE GUIDES question bank

EC1305: TRANSMISSION LINES & WAVE GUIDES SEM / YEAR: V / III

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT CODE : EC2305 SEM / YEAR : V / III
SUBJECT NAME : TRANSMISSION LINES & WAVE GUIDES

UNIT I - TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY

PART A
All questions Two Marks:

1. What is group velocity?

2. What is patch loading?
3. What do you understand by loading of transmission lines?
4. Define Characteristic impedance?
5. What is frequency distortion?
6. Calculate the load reflection coefficient of open and short circuited lines?
7. Calculate the characteristic impedance for the following line parameters
R = 10.4 ohms /km L = 0.00367 H/km
C = 0.00835f /km G = 10.8x10-6 mhos /km
8. Define phase distortion?
9. Write the equation for the input impedance of a TL?
10. Define propagation constant?
11. Define wavelength?
12. Give the input impedance of a open and short circuit line?
13. Define reflection factor?
14. Define reflection loss?
15. What is meant by reflection co efficient?
16. State the properties of infinite line?
EC1305: TRANSMISSION LINES & WAVE GUIDES SEM / YEAR: V / III

17. Write the condition for a distortion less line?

18. When does reflection take place on a TL?
19. What is transfer impedance? State its expression?
20. What is difference between lumped and distributed parameters?
21. Draw the equivalent circuit of a TL?
22. Write the Campbells formula for propagation constant of a loaded line?
23. What is the need for loading?
PART B
1. Obtain the general solution of Transmission line? (16)
2. Explain about waveform distortion and distortion less line condition? (16)
3. Explain about reflection loss? (16)
4. Discuss in details about inductance loading of telephone cables and derive the
attenuation constant (_) and phase constant (_) and velocity of signal transmission
(v) for the uniformly loaded cable? (16)
5. Derive the equation of attenuation constant and phase constant of TL in terms of
R,
L, C, G? (16)
6. Explain in details about the reflection on a line not terminated in its
characteristic impedance (z0)? (16)
7. Explain in following terms (16)

(i) Reflection factor (ii) Reflection loss

(iii) Return loss
8. Explain about physical significance of TL? (16)
9. Derive the equation for transfer impedance? (16)
10. Derive the expression for input impedance of lossless line? (16)
11. Explain about telephone cable? (16)
12. Explain about different type of TL? (16)

UNIT II - THE LINE AT RADIO FREQUENCIES

PART A
All questions Two Marks:

1. Name few applications of half wave line?

2. Find the VSWR and reflection co efficient of a perfectly matched line with no
reflection from load?
3. Explain the use of quarter wave line for impedance matching?
4. What is the need for stub matching in transmission lines?
5. Why do standing waves exist on TL?
6. Define Node and antinodes?
7. What are constant S circles?
8. What are the advantages of double stub matching over single stub matching?
9. Derive the relationship between standing wave ratio and reflection co efficient?
10. Write the expression for the characteristic impedance Ro of the matching
quarter
wave section of the line?
11. Give the applications of smith chart?
12. Define standing wave ratio?
13. Give the analytical expression for input impedance of dissipation less line?
14. Design a quarter wave transformers to match a load of 200 _ to a source
resistance of
500 _. The operating frequency is 200 MHz?
15. Define skin effect?
16. What is zero dissipation line?
17. Mention the assumptions of radio frequency lines?
18. Distinguish between single stub matching and double stub matching?
19. Write down the expression to determine the length of the stub?
20. Write down the expression to determine the position of the stub?
PART B
1. Explain about half wave transformer? (8)
2. Application of smith chart? (8)
3. Explain about voltage and current waveform of dissipation less line? (16)
4. Derive the expression for the input impedance of the dissipation less line and the
expression for the input impedance of a quarter wave line. Also discuss the
application
of quarter wave line? (16)
5. Explain single stub matching on a transmission line and derive the expression and
the
length of the stub used for matching on a line? (16)
6. Design a single stub match for a load of 150+j225 ohms for a 75 ohms line at 500
MHz

using smith chart? (16)

7. A 30 m long lossless transmission line with characteristic impedance (zo) of 50
ohm is
terminated by a load impedance (ZL) = 60 + j40 ohm. The operating wavelength is
90
m. find the input impedance and SWR using smith chart? (16)
8. Explain double stub matching on a transmission line and derive the expression
and the
length of the stub used for matching on a line? (16)
9. Explain about _ / 8 wave transformer? (16)
10. explain about properties of smith chart? (16)

UNIT III - GUIDED WAVES

Part-A
All questions Two Marks:

1. Define group velocity?

2. What are the characteristics of TEM waves?
3. What is the cut off frequency of TEM wave?
4. Give the expression that relates phase velocity (Vp), Group velocity (Vg) and free
space velocity?
5. What are TE waves or H waves?
6. What are TM waves or E waves?
7. What are guided waves?
8. What is dominant mode? Give examples?
9. Write down the expression for cut off wavelength and cut off frequency?
10. Write down the expression for velocity of propagation?
11. Define attenuation factor?
12. Define wave impedance?
13. Distinguish between TE and TM waves?
14. Write down the relation between guide wavelengths and cut off wavelength?
15. Give the expression for the guide wavelength when the wave transmitted in
between two parallel plates?
16. Find the frequency of minimum attenuation foe TM waves?
17. Give relation between the attenuation factor for TE and TM waves?
18. Draw a neat sketch showing the variation in the value of attenuation with
frequency
for TE, TM, and TEM mode between two parallel plates?
19. Draw a neat sketch showing the variation in the value of wave impedance with
frequency for TE, TM, and TEM mode between two parallel plates?
Part-B
1. Discuss the characteristics of TE and TM waves and also derive the cut off
frequency and phase velocity from the propagation constant? (16)
2. Derive the expression for the field strength for TE waves between parallel plates
propagating in Z direction? (16)
3. Derive the expression for attenuation of TM waves in between parallel plates?(16)
4. Derive the expression for attenuation of TE waves in between parallel
Plates? (16)
5. Derive the expression for the field strength for TM waves between
Parallel plates propagating in Z direction? (16)

6. Obtain the expression for the field components of an electromagnetic wave

propagating between a pair of perfectly conducting planes? (16)
7. Derive the expression for wave impedance of TE, TM and TEM wave between a
pair of perfectly conducting planes? (16)
8. Explain about transverse electromagnetic waves between a pair of perfectly
conducting planes? (16)
9. Prove that the velocity of propagation? (16)

UNIT IV - RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDES

Part-A
All questions Two Marks:

1. What are the dominant mode and degenerate modes in rectangular wave
guides?
2. A rectangular wave guides has the following values l=2.54 cm, b= 1.27 cm
waveguide thickness = .0127. Calculate the cut off frequency?
3. Define wave impedance?
4. Why TEM mode is not possible for rectangular wave guides?
5. Define characteristic impedance?
6. Define attenuation factor?
7. Draw a neat sketch showing the variation in the value of attenuation with
frequency for
TE, TM, and TEM mode for rectangular wave guide?
8. Draw a neat sketch showing the variation in the value of wave impedance with
frequency for TE, TM, and TEM mode for rectangular wave guide?
9. Write down the expression for cut off wavelength and cut off frequency for
rectangular
wave guide?
10. Write down the expression for cut off wavelength and cut off frequency for TE 10
mode?
11. Write down the expression for guide wavelength and velocity of propagation for
rectangular wave guide?
12. Write down the expression for attenuation constant for TE 10 mode?
13. Write down the expression for attenuation constant for TM 11 mode?
14. What is cut off frequency?
15. What is dominant mode? Name the dominant mode in TE and TM waves?
Part-B
1. Derive the field configuration, cut off frequency and velocity of propagation for TM
waves in rectangular wave guides? (16)
2. Determine the solution of electric and magnetic fields of TE waves guided along
rectangular wave guides? ` (16)
3. Explain the wave impedance of a rectangular wave guide and derive the
expression for the wave impedance of TE,TM, and TEM mode? (16)
4. Discuss the characteristics of TE and TM waves and also derive the cut off
frequency and phase velocity from the propagation constant? (16)
5. Derive the expression for attenuation of TE10 waves in rectangular wave guide?
(16)
6. Derive the expression for attenuation of TM 11 waves in rectangular wave
guide? (16)
7. Explain about excitation modes in rectangular wave guide? (16)

8. Explain about dominant mode in rectangular wave guide? ` 16)

9. Determine the solution of electric and magnetic fields of TM waves guided along
rectangular wave guides? (16)
10. Explain about characteristic impedance in rectangular wave guide? (16)
11. Explain about degenerate mode in rectangular wave guide? (16)

UNIT V - CIRCULAR WAVE GUIDES AND RESONATORS

Part-A
All questions Two Marks:

1. What is cavity resonator?

2. Define the quality factor of the cavity resonator?
3. Define loaded and un loaded Q cavity resonator?
4. Give the application of circular wave guide?
5. Why rectangular or circular cavities can be used as microwave resonators?
6. Define Bessels function?
7. What is Eigen value?
8. What is dominant mode of TM and TE waves in circular waveguide?
9. Write expressions for the Eigen value and cut off wave number for the TE mode?
10. Write expressions for the Eigen value and cut off wave number for the TM
mode?
11. Expression for the resonant frequency of the rectangular cavity resonator?
12. Expression for the resonant frequency of the circular cavity resonator?
13. Expression for the quality factor of the circular cavity resonator?
14. Expression for the quality factor of the rectangular cavity resonator?
15. Define cavity tuning?
16. Define resonant cavity?
17. Give the application of microwave resonator?
Part-B
1. Derive the Q-factor of a rectangular cavity resonator? (16)
2. Derive the TM wave components in circular wave guides using Bessel functions?
(16)
3. What is meant by cavity resonator? Derive the expression for the resonant
frequency of the rectangular cavity resonator? (16)
4. Derive the expression for cut off frequency, phase constant and phase velocity of
wave in a circular wave guide? (16)
5. Derive the expression for the resonant frequency of the circular cavity resonator?
(16)
6. Derive the expression for the resonant frequency of the semi circular cavity
resonator? (16)
7. Derive the TE wave components in circular wave guides using Bessel
functions?(16)
8. Derive the expression for the wave impedance in circular wave guide? (16)
9. Derive the field strength or equation in cylindrical co ordinates systems?
P