Differemial Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 337 In solving a problem under maxima / minima, the following steps are to be considered: 1. Drawa figure when necessary. 2. Identify what / which to maximize or minimize. 9. Formulate equation 4. Reduce to one variable. 5. Differentiate This is where the formulas will 6. -Equate to zero. be used. Memorize all Note: When the first derivative (slope) (_/ormulas! is equated to zero, it results to either maximum point or minimum point. At maximum point, ¥ is negative (concave down) At minimum point, ¥ 20: ¥’ is positive (concave up) At point of inflection, y=0 where y’ and y” are the first and second derivatives respectively In solving a problem under time rates, the following steps are to be considered: 4. Draw figure when necessary. 2. Formulate equation. 3. Differentiate with respect to time. 4. Substitute the boundary condition(s) to the equation. Important: Substitute the given values only after differentiating.338 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas 1. Largest rectangle inscribed in a circle. The maximum rectangle is a square. 2, Largest rectangle that can be inscribed in semicircle. eee (im 3, Largest rectangle that can be inscribed in a triangle with one side lying on the base of the triangle. x | Ee 7 ot Nis Nic 4 Largest rectangle that can be inscribed in a right triangle with the sides of the rectangle parallel to the legs of the triangle. > ¥ Riz wit 5. Largest rectangle that can be inscribed in an ellipse. Largest area of a triangle with given perimeter. Sector with given area but minimum perimeter. Rectangle with given area but with minimum perimeter.10. "1 12. Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 339 Rectangle with given area and minimum perimeter to be fenced along 3 sides only. ear a SS ¥ a x=2y Right triangle with maximum perimeter or maximum area. 0=45° y x-y EN x Maximum area with perimeter (P) given. equilateral triangle x Maximum light admittance for a rectangular window surmounted with an isosceles triangle. 4 = 13. Maximum light admittance for a Norman window. {2 ie x=2y y hex 14. Maximum length of line segment tangent to an ellipse. L=a+b 15. Rectangle of maximum perimeter inscribed in a circle of radius r. 16. Stiffest beam that can be cut from a circular section of radius r. “Suiffhess is proportional to the product of breadth (x) and cube of width340. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas 17. Strongest beam that can be cut 20. Length of rigid beam that can pass rom an elliptical section. a perpendicular hallways. “Strength is proportional to the product of breadth (x) and square of the depth (y)”” b b i a 24/2 x=2b/4 : v= Ue? 02°F = Y= 2815 24. Minimum length of ladderirod to be | extended from ground to a wall Sd eee with an intervening fence. Y 18. Largest rectangle that can be inscribed in a given ellipse. ie ie +b29F Aetipse__ = 22. Best possible view of a picture or Arectanale 2 19. Most efficient trapezoidal section. “Maximum capacity with minimum perimeter” It is %s of a regular hexagon. width at to Lid Best view means is maximized, x= Vivo 23. Parallelepiped with maximum volume. ‘width at top = sum of sides width at top = 2x z xeyaz = 120° a cubeDifferential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 341 24. Open square container with maximum volume. Open top 25. Location of single stake at ground level to minimize length of wire. stake RS hy Ay el dh, hythy 26. Least amount of material to be used for a square base rectangular parallelepiped. x=2y x=¥2(Volume) 27. Least amount of material to be used for an open top cylindrical tank: 28. Minimum cost for a given volume, i 2a 29. Ratio of the weight of heaviest cylinder, We to the weight of the circumscribing sphere, Ws Moe We v3 30. Least amount of material for a given volume. 31. Maximum volume of cone with a given slant height. @=tan "V2 32. Volume of largest cone, V- that can be inscribed in a hemisphere. S 2 Vy342. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas 33. Largest cylinder that can be 34. Maximum volume of right circular inscribed in @ cone. cylinder inscribed in a sphere of radius r. DIS pou now that... that the term "alychta’ comes ford an Arable term “al-jabr” meaning to transpose terms from one side of an equation to the other! This was introduced by a Persian mathematician, al-Khowatizmi in around 825 A.D. Proceed to the next page for your 14” test. GOODLUCK ! &Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 343 Time element: 3.0 hours Problem 596: ECE Board April 1999 Find the minimum distance from the point (4,2) to the parabola y* = 8x. a3 a2 B 23 pom> Problem 597: EE Board April 1990 The sum of two positive numbers is 50. What are the numbers if their product is to be the largest possible. 24 & 26 28 & 22 25825 20830 gpom> Problem $98: EE Board March 1998 A triangle has variable sides x,y,z subject to the constraint such that the perimeter is fixed to 18 cm. What is the maximum possible area for the triangle? A. 15.59 cm? B. 18.71cm? C. 17.15 cm? D. 14.03 cm? Problem 599: EE Board October 1997 A farmer has enough money to build only 100 meters of fence. What are the dimensions of the field he can enclose the maximum area? 25mx 25m 15mx35m 20mx30m 22.5mx27.5m com>344 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 600: CE Board May 1997 Find the minimum amount of tig sheet that can be made into a-closed cylinder having a volume of 108 cu. inches in square inches. A. 125.50 B. 127.50 C. 129.50 D. 123.50 Problem 601: ME Board April 1998 ‘A box is to be constructed from a piece of zinc 20 sq.in by cutting equal squares from each comer and turing up the zinc to form the side. What is the volume of the largest box that can be so constructed? A. 599.95 cu in. B. 592.59 cu in C. 579.50 cu in. D. 622.49 cuin. Problem 602: EE Board April 1997 ‘A poster is to contain 300 (om square) of printed matter with margins of 10 cm at the top and bottom and 5 cm at each side. Find the overall dimensions if the total area of the poster is minimum. 27.76 cm, 47.8. cm 20.45 cm, 35.6 cm 22.24 cm, 44.5 cm 25.55 om, 48.7 om gom> Problem 603: CE Board November 1996 ‘A norman window is in the shape of a rectangle surmounted by a semi-circle. What is the ratio of the width of the rectangle to the total height so that it will yield a window admitting the most light for a given perimeter? A B. 12 OZ D. 23 Problem 604: CE Board May 1998 Determine the diameter of a closed cylindrical tank having a volume of 11.3 cu ‘m to obtain minimum surface area. A. 1.22 B. 164 C. 244 D. 2.68Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 345 Problem 605: EE Board April 1997 The cost of fuel in running @ locomotive is proportional to the square of the speed and is $ 25 per hour for a speed of 25 miles per hour. Other costs amount to $ 100 per hour, regardless of the speed. What is the speed which will make the cost per mile a minimum? A. 40 B55 Ci -50 D. 45 Problem 606: ME Board April 1996 The cost C of a product is a function of the quantity x of the product : C(x) = x? — 4000 x + 50. Find the quantity for which the cost is minimum. A. 1000 B. 1500 C. 2000 b. 3000 = Problem 607: ‘An open top rectangular tank with square bases is to have a volume of 10 cu. m. The materials for its bottom is to cost P 15 per square meter and that for the sides, P6 per square meter. Find the most economical dimensions for the tank. A. 1.6m x 1.5m x 4.4m B. 2mx2mx2.5m C. 4mx 4m x 0.6m D. 3mx3mx 1.1m Problem 608: ME Board October 1996 What is the maximum profit when the profit-versus-production function is as given below? P is profit and x is unit of production. ° P=20000-x-( 4) x+1 285,000 200,000 250,000 305,000 com> Problem 609: EE Board October 1993 | A boatman is at A which is 4.5 km from the nearest point B on a straight shore BM. He wishes to reach in minimum time a point C situated on the shore 9 km from B, How far from C should he land if he can row at the rate of 6 kph and can walk at the rate of 7.5 kph? A 415km B. 3.0km346 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas C. 3.25km D. 4.0km Problem 610: EE Board March 1998 A fencing is limited to 20 ft length. What is the maximum rectangular area that can be fenced in using two perpendicular comer sides of an existing wall? 120 100 140 190 com> Problem 611: EE Board October 1992 The cost per hour of running a motor boat is proportional to the cube of the speed. At what speed will the boat run against a current of 8 km/hr in order to go a given distance most economically? A. 10koh B. 13kph C. 11 kph D. 12kph Problem 612: ECE Board November 1998 Given a cone of diameter x and altitude of h. What percent is the volume of the largest cylinder which can be inscribed in the cone to the volume of the cone? A 44% B. 46% C. 56% D. 65% Problem 613: EE Board October 1993 At any distance x from the source of light, the intensity of illumination varies directly as the intensity of the source and inversely as the square of x. Suppose that there is a light at A, and another at 8, the one at B having an intensity 8 times that of ‘A. The distance AB is 4 m. At what point from A on the line AB will the intensity of illumination be least? A. 215m B. 133m Cc. 1.50m D. 192m Problem 614: CE Board May 1995 ‘Awall “h’ meters high is 2 m away from the building. The shortest ladder that can reach the building with one end resting on the ground outside the wall is 6 m. How Ligh is the wall in meters? A 2.34 B. 2.24Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 347 c. 244 D. 214 Problem 615: EE Board April 1997 The coordinates (x.y) in feet of a moving particle P are given by x = cost - 1 and y= 2 sin t + 1, where t is the time in seconds. At what extreme rates in fps is P moving along the curve? A. 3and2 B. 3and1 C. 2and0.6 D. 2and1 Problem 616: ECE Board April 1998 A statue 3 m high is standing on a base of 4 m high. If an observer's eye is 1.5 m above the ground, how far should he stand from the base in order that the angle ‘subtended by the statue is a maximum. A 341m B. 351m C. 371m D. 441m Problem 617: A man walks across a bridge at the rate of 5 fps as a boat passes directly beneath him at 10 fps. If the bridge is 10 feet above the boat, how fast are the man and the boat separating 1 second later? A. 8 fps B. 8.25 fps C. 8.33 fps D. 8.67 fps Problem 618: ‘An LRT train 6 m above the ground crosses a street at 9 m/s at the instant that a car approaching at a speed of 4 m/s is 12 m up the street. Find the rate of the LRT train and the car separating one second later. A. 3.64 m/s B. 3.94m/s C. 4.24m/s D. 4.46 mis Problem 619: EE Board October 1993 Water is flowing into a conical cistern at the rate of 8 m°/min. If the height of the inverted cone is 12 m and the radius of its circular opening is 6 m. How fast is the water level rising when the water is 4 m deep? A. 0.64 m/min B. 0.56 m/min348 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas C. 0.75 m/min D. 0.45 m/min Problem 620: CE Board November 1998 Water is pouring into a conical vessel 15 cm deep and having a radius of 3.75 cm across the top. If the rate at which the water rises is 2 cm/sec, how fast is the water flowing into the conical vessel when the water is 4 om deep? A. 2.37 mi/sec B. 5.73 mi/sec C. 6.28 m/sec D. 4.57 m/sec Problem 621: ME Board October 1996 Water is pouring into a swimming pool. After { hours, there are t+ /t gallons in the pool. At what rate is the water pouring into the pool when t = 9 hours? A. TIO ypht B. 8/7 gph C. 6/5 gph D. 5/4 gph Problem 622: A helicopter is rising vertically from the ground at a constant rate of 4.5 meters per second. When it is°75 m off the ground, a jeep passed beneath the helicopter traveling in a straight line at a constant rate of 80 kph. Determine how fast the distance between them changing after 1 second. A. 12.34mis B. 11.10 mis C. 10.32 mis D. 9.85 mis Problem 623: ECE Board November 1991 A balloon is released from the ground 100 meters from an observer. The balloon rises directly upward at the rate of 4 meters per second. How fast is the balloon receding from the observer 10 seconds later? A. 1,68 m/sec B. 1.36 msec C. 1.55 m/sec D. 1.49 msec Problem 624: ECE Board April 1998 A balloon is rising vertically over a point A on the ground at the rate of 15 fi./sec. A point B on the ground level with and 30 ft from A. When the balloon is 40 ft. from A, at what rate is its distance from B changing? A. 13 ft/sDifferential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 349 B. 18 ft/s C. 12 fis D. 10 ft/s Problem 625: CE Board May 1997 Car A moves due East at 30 kph at the same instant car B is moving S 30° E, with a speed of 60 kph. The distance from A to B is 30 km. Find how fast is the distance between them separating after one hour. A. 36 kph B. 38 kph C. 40 kph D. 45 kph Problem 626: CE Board November 1996 A car starting at 12:00 noon travels west at a speed of 30 kph. Another car starting from the same point at 2:00 P.M. travels north at 45 kph. Find how (in kph) fast the two are separating al 4:00 P.M.? A 49 B. 51 ee). D. 55 Problem 627: CE Board May 1996 Two railroad tracks are perpendicular to each other. At 12:00 P.M. there is a train at each track approaching the crossing at 50 kph, one being 100 km and the ‘other 150 km away from the crossing. How fast in kph is the distance between the two trains changing at 4:00 P.M.7 67.08 68.08 69.08 70.08 9op> Problem 628: CE Board May 1995 Water is fanning into a hemispherical bowl having a radius of 10 cm at a constant rate of 3 cm®/min. When the water is x cm. deep, the water level is rising at the rate of 0.0149 cm/min. What is the value of x? com> aane350 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 629: ECE Board November 1998 What is the allowable error in measuring the edge of the cube that is intended to. hold & cu. m., if the error of the computed volume is not to exceed 0.03 cu. m? 0.002 0.003 0.0025 0.001 pom> Problem 630: EE Board October 1993 A standard cell has an emf “E” of 1.2 volts. If the resistance “R" of the circuit is increasing at the rate of 0.03 ohm/sec, at what rate is the current “I” changing at the instant when the resistance is 6 ohms? Assume Ohm's law E = IR. A. -0.002 amp/sec B. 0.004 amp/sec C. -0.001 amp/sec D. 0.003 amp/sec ANSWER KEY RATING 606.C 616.C 626. gO 607.B 617.C 627. ie Ech Gee Cee 30-35 Topnotcher 609.8 619.4 Lj 21-29 Passer 610.B 620.C 611.D. 621.A [_] 18-20 conditional 612.A 622.C O 613.C 623.D ss iled ee 0-17 Faile 615.D 625.D If FAILED, repeat the test.Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 351 ‘SOLUTIONS TO TEST 14 d= Yx-4)? +(y-2? wr @ 3 y =x — ao Poy) Substitute (2) in (1) d= yy? 18-4)? + (y-2" Note: d Va = oi S z Be (97-8) Differentiate: 2y? 18—4)(2y 18) + Ay -2)(1) 2yly? 18-4)? + (y —2)? O= 2Ay?/8-4)(2y/8) + 2ly ~2)(1) 2 3 =|¥-9/¥ -42 = 0 (¥ 2X) 4= Yo - Dy +2y—4 y= 64 qa Substitute y = 4 in (2): 2 x= M22 8 Substitute x = 2 and y = 4 in (1) d=(2-4)? +(4-2)? = J8 = 22 unit length Let: x and y = two positive numbers P = product of x and y x+y=60 y=50-x wO Paxy ur @ Substitute (1) in (2): P =x (50—x) = 50x— 7 ‘Substitute x = 25 in (1): y=50-25=25 Thus, the numbers are 25 and 26.352. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas EDN Nee reciente triangle Thus, x= y =z and 0 = 60° x=6 A= dx? sino = £6) sino A= 15.59 cm? BEER 2x+2y=100 y=50-x wr @ A=xy aw ® ‘Substitute (1) in (2): A= x(50—x) = 50x— x? A= 2nth + ar(2) w@® Substitute (1) in (2): As 2rr| 128 2 |. ann? 2 ane? x =0 Substitute rin (1): h=—8 = 5.164 in 1(2.58)"Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 353 Substitute r and h in (2) ‘A= 2n(2.58)(5.164) + 2n(2.58) 25. 53 in? 601 (20 - 2x)? x we @O 100x — 80x" + 4x? = 400-160x-+12x7= * ox 12° - 160x + 400 = 0 20-2x By factoring: (4x - 40)(3x-10) = 0 4x=40 x X= 10 in. (absurd) fee oF ax=10 | x= 3.33 in. 20 1 ‘Substitute x = 3.33 in (1): V ~ [20 ~ 23.33)} (9.33) = 992.99 cubic In, GEA Let: A= total area Ap = area with the picture is 10 A= (10 +x) (20+y) aero] on F 10 Substitute (2) in (1): | <5 A=200+ 1022) «20%. (2) x x A= 600+ 300 , 99 ae ox x=12.24om Substitute x= 12.24 in (2): 300 = 2 24. Yaa 2m Thus, the dimension of the poster is = (10 + 12.24) x (20 + 24.5) 12.24 cm x 44.5 cm.354 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas TEEN Let: P= perimeter P=2x+2y+ (enn) PH2x+2y+ m y= PBEM «5p 257 w@ A= xy + $a?) = @ ‘Substitute (1) in (2): A= 2x(0.5P -2.57x]+ ae =Px- z =Px 5Aat+ 5 A=Px-3.57x" a =P-7.14x=0 0=P-7.14x x=014P Substitute x in (1): y= 0.5P - 2.57(0.14P) y=0.14P, Solving for h: h=y+x=0.14P +0.14P h=0.28P 2(0.14P) 0.28P A =nan + 2(2a?) w@ Substitute (1) in (2):Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 355 aoe ee @= 452 x d= 2.432 in FEE bet: © = total cost per hour N= speed in miles per hour C= fuel cost + others C= kN? + 100 w@O Fuel cost = kN? 25 = k(25)° eet Meas ‘Substitute in (1): = ne c= a5 +100 Let: x= total cost per mile total cost per hour Let: C = total cost x (15) + 4(xh)(6) 15x? + 24xh wr @356 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematies by Tiong & Rojas ‘Substitute (2) in (1): ce 152 + 24y( x=2m Substitute x= 2 in (2): h=20-25m @ ‘Thus, the dimension of the tank is 2mx 2m x 2.5m Ea P = 200900-x-( J (x +1)°= 17.1487 x=0.371 Substitute xin (1): P = 200,000 -0.371- 199,999.457 P = 200,000 } + (0-xF Let: T = total time needed T= time to row + time to walk Tag 6 75Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 357 eee 2(9-x)-1} : x @2yasr+@-xP 7 9-x 6 fas +@-«? "75 (4.5) +(9-x)? =1.25(9- x) 45 ‘Square both sides: (4.5) + (9-)? = (1.25) (9- x)? [Sa \aedaw: ¥ i | 20.25 = (9- x)? [(1.25) -4 i sae al ! 9 ay? = 20.25, x+ y=20 y=20-x or @ A=Kxy wr @ Substitute (1) in (2): A Substitute x = 10 in (1) y=20-10= 10ft Substitute x = 10 and y = 10 in (2): A= 10(10) = 100 FEE cx: c= cost per hour peed of the motorboat nO proportionality constant t= distance __d ae speed x—8 C=Ct ar ®358 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas ‘Substitute (1) and (2) in (3): < d Cake (4) Cy _ (x= 8)(Bkdx?) ~ kaP(1) _ 4 cra aie 8? &s 8)(3x) 3x24) De se x= 12 kph Let: R = radius of the cone 1 radius of the inscribed cylinder eight of the cone eight of the inscribed cylinder Va aeh m= @ By ratio and proportion: oat HH-h Hr=RH-Rh Substitute rin (2): pe BH=Hr | RH-H(2/3)R _ 1 R R 3 Substitute rand h in (1) V = n(2R/3)*(H/3) = n(4/27) R7H Let: Ve = volume of the cone Vo = (1/3)(nR?)(H) = w/3 R?HDifferential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 359 ee = (4) 27(R7H) = 0.4401 44% Ve (n/3)(R?H) E = intensity of illumination A&B = intensities of two light sources respectively. k = proportionality constant eo KA, KB _ kA, (GA Gop eGo dE _ kAC-2x) , (-8KAY2)4—xY-1) _ 9 dx x! (4-x)* 2kA x _ 26kA(4—x) x oy dL _-heos@ , -2(-sind) _ 2 do sin?@ cos? heos@ _ 2sin@ sin?@ cos?® heos? 0 =2sin? 0 h= 2tan?o ur @ ‘Substitute L = 6 and h = 2 tan’0 in (1) and simplify: cos0+2sine sin0.c0s0 6 sin 6 cos 0 =h cos 0 +2sin 0 =2 tan’ 6 cos +2sin6360 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas 3 6 sin 0 cos =2 (3) cosO+2sine cos8. 2 ecose=2 (82) +2 cos8. 6 cos’ @ = 2 sin’ 6 + 2 cos*@ = 2 (sin? @ + cos* 6) 46. Substitute @ in (2): f= 2 tan® 46.1° = 2.24 m. 615. ae was dt dx 5 ee Note: “Gy is maximum ifsin t= -4 st—1 sint (Hat y=2sint+4 Y - 2008t oy Note: Bis maximum if cos t= 1 Y camye fa21)m2 Thus, the extreme rates are 2 and 1 FEE tan + 0)- 88; tana = 25 x x tana+tan@ 5.5 1-tanatand 28s tano 2.5+xtan@=5.5- tno (c+ 1223) 9 ton 6s ee x4 1375 x? 413.75 xDifferential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 361 3x = tan? ——_ x° +13.75 Note: dian“ u= —24. 1+u" where: bone 3x 9x? kc? + 13.75 -3x(2x) o- — ~ ¥= dus B-3x( x2+18.75 &? «13.767 (x? +13.75F ‘Thus, do __du ox tu? O=du o= 2 +13.75)5-3x(2x) Position of the | (2 +13.75f man after 1 sec. 0=3x +.41.25- 6° 41.25 = 3x7 13.75 St 371m. S$? = (100? + Gt)? + 107 Ss S? = 125? + 100 10 2838 = 250 dt SS 00h 08 jee Le = ie {Position of the | 5(1)" + 100 = 225 boat after I sec, 5 feet Substitute $ = 15 in (1): BOS at 25) O23 PS S?= (12-41)? + (9? + 67 S?= (12-41)? + 81? +36 (12 — 41)(-4) + 102¢ J62t— 8(12- 4t) at 28 second, 12- 4(1))° + 81(1)°+ 36 = 181 13.45 m Position of the LRT after 1 sec. . oe ~ Position of the car after 1 sec.362 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Substitute S = 13.45 in (1): dS _ 162(1)-812-4(0)] dt 2(13.45) ve bath By ratio and proportion: Bor a) 2 Substitute (2) in (1): 2 1 fh La) Vem —| h=—nh' a) 12 AV spate at 12" at Substitute dV/dt = 8 and h = 4: 38 ga dh 8) at dh at .64 mimin agiee? = darth ie By ratio and proportion ‘ Substitute (2) in (1); 1 (h¥ mys V2 on —| h=—hi 343)n 48 ls Seah: dt 48 dt Substitute dhidt = 2 and h = 4: BV _ 3a yo a af) 6.28 om’'sec Let: Q = rate of discharge in gph Q=t+ vt = 3.64 misec, R=3.75 15Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 363 ore thr 1000m = 22.22m/sec km) dS _ 22.227 t+ 45754451) Lg dt s when t = 1 second S = (22.221) + (75+ 4.51)? = yil22.22(0)7 +((75 + 4.5)? $= 82,54m. ‘Substitute S = 82.54, and t = 1 in (1): AS _ (22.22) (1)+ 4.5|75 + 4.5(1), = 10.32 m/sec dt 82.54 st= 1007+ wr @ t as $8 - yh ze 0 Zo att when t= 10 seconds, y = (4 misec)(10 sec) = 40 m. 100 ‘Substitute y = 40 in (1): ‘$? = 100° + 40° = 11600 $= 107.7m Substitute S = 107.7, y = 40 and dylat = 4 in 2): AS _ 404) «4.49 msec at 1077364 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas ds dt whe = 40, ee 30? + 40? = = 2500 “sash ‘Substitute S = 50, y = 40 and dy/dt = 15 in (1): dS _ 40(15) _ ae ee Starting point of ear BI Starting point of By cosine law: S? = (301): + 60t - 20 200,601 30) cos 60° s = 9001" + (60t - 30)” — 30t(60t - 30) 239 = = 1800t + 2(60t - 30)(60) - [30t(60) + (6ot - 3030)] ‘ds _ 1800t + 2(60t - 3060) - 1800t - 30(60t- 30) at 28 ds _ 120(60t - 30)--30(60t-30) = dt 28 s [30(1)F + (60(1) - 30}? —(30)(1) (60(1) - 30) S*= 900 Substitute S = 30 and t = 1 in (1): ds _ 120(60(1) = 30)]-30[609(1) = 30)] «45 kop, dt 2(30)Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 365 S? = (60t— 301)? + (45t)* B’ 2s s = 2(60 - 30t)(30) + 2(45t)(45) dS _ (60-300)30)+ 45451) gg 45 Ss dt Ss oS. feo O@F+ Msc? =22600 60 A 30t ‘ 'S = 150 km. Z heal Substitute S = 150 and t = 2 in (1): Ee dS _ [60+ 30(2)80+ 45(45)2)) - 54 kp { Position of car A dt 150. 00 PM! | or ‘S? = (60t - 100)? + (50t - 150)" 238 = 2(60t - 100)(50) + 2(50t - 150)(50) dS _ (60t-100)(50) + (60t-150)(50) a dt s whent hours, 0(4) + 100)" + [50(4) + 150}° = 12500 $= 111.8 km. Substitute $ = 111.8 and t= 4 in (1): dS _ [50(4)- 10050) + \50(4) ~ 15050) - at 111.8 s A a Position of B at 4:00 PM 500-1508 50t-100t Position of A 2) eS ar400PM | Figure for Prob. #627366 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Cte 2 Fe mx? B00) - 4) $ V=t0m? ed av 3nx? \ dx $f -(2o-28") 3 = (20nx—mx?)(0.0149) x -20x+64=0 (x- 4)(x-16) =0 x= 4 or 16 cm. Vex Differentiate both sides: dV =3x7dx ar @ Substitute dV = 0.03 and x = 2 in (1): 0.03 = 3(2)" dx dx = 0.0025 m. E=IR Differentiate both sides: O= (S)-x3) wr @ dt dt when R =6, R/dt = 0.003 and R = 6 in (1): dl = +6(2 0=0.2(0.03) 4) 2 0.001 ampisec. dt