ip AMERICAN NATIONAL) ANSI/ASTM C 226 - 75 |STANDARO! Standard Specification for AIR-ENTRAINING ADDITIONS FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A CEMENT* IR-ENTRAINING PORTLAND «Standard is issued under the fixed designation C 226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the 1 of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of reapproval Scope L.1 This specification covers the req ints and methods for establishing the suita~ ity of a material for use as an air-en- ining addition to be interground with the aker in the manufacture of air-entraining rtland cement conforming to ASTM Speci- ation C 150, for Portland Cement.* Note—The values stated in U.S. customary ts are to be regarded as the standard. General Requirements 2.1 Airentraining additions shall conform the respective requirements prescribed in s specification. 2.2 The trade name, source, and character the material, and means for the quantita- ¢ identification of the proposed addition in = finished cement, shall be furnished by the aker or seller of the addition, and that in- mation shall form a part of the record of its of the addition. 2.3 Air-entraining additions shall be evalu- xd by testing cements ground with and thout the additions. The cements ground thout the additions shall be referred to in is specification as “control” cements. 24 An air-entraining addition under this ecification, when interground with portland ment, shall produce a cement that complies th Specification C 150, and when evaluated the results of tests made according to the ocedures herein described, shall also comply th the following requirements as to the ef- fect of the addition on the properties of the cement: 2.4.1 The time of setting of cement con- taining the addition shall not vary from the time of setting of the respective “control” cement by more than 50 percent. 2.4.2 The percentage autoclave expansion for cement containing the addition shall not ex- ceed the percentage autoclave expansion for the corresponding “control” cement by more than 0.1. 2.4.3 The compressive strength of standard mortar cubes made with cement containing the addition shall be not less than 80 percent of the compressive strength of similar cubes made with the corresponding “control” ce- ment. 2.4.4 The percentage length change of air- stored mortar bars made with cement con- taining the addition, based on an initial meas- urement at the age of 7 days, and expressed as a percentage change in length, shall be not more than 0.01 greater than that of similar mortar bars made with the corresponding “control” cement and similarly tested. 2.4.5 The percentage of air entrained in the concrete made with cement containing the addition shall exceed by at least 2.5 the per- centage air in similar concrete prepared with “This speciation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-l on Cement and is the direst responsibilty of Subcommittee CO1.20 on Adkitions Current edition approved Feb. 28, 1995, Published Apri 1975. Originally published as C226 ~ 50°T. Last previous edition C526 68 + Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 13 2044flb the corresponding “control” cement. (See 3.1.1 for the limitation of air-entraining prop- erties of the “control” cement.) 2.4.6 The compressive strength of the con- crete mada with cement containing the addi- tion shall be not less than 80 percent of the compressive strength of similar concrete made with the corresponding “control” cement. 2.4.7 The flexural strength of concrete made cement containing the addition shall be not less than 85 percent of the flex- ural strength of corresponding concrete made with the “control” cement 2.4.8 In the freezing and thawing test, the durability factor of the concrete made with the cement containing the proposed addition shall be not less than 80 percent of the dura- bility factor of similar concrete made with the corresponding “contro!” cement and con- taining the reference addition as specified in 3.3. (See 10.1.3 for the method of calculating the durability factor.) 3. Materials 3.1 Cements: 3.1.1 In cases where it is desired that the proposed air-entraining addition be accepted for general use, tests shall be made on six lots of cement ground at cement plants, using commercial grinding equipment. From each of three different samples of clinkers, two lots of cement shall be ground, representing re- spectively: a Type I portland cement con- taining not less than 9 percent tricalcium aluminate (C5A), calculated as specified in Table | of Specification C 150 and a Type II and a Type III portland cement conforming to Specification C 150, One lot, the “control,” shall be ground without the proposed air-en- training addition; the proposed addition shall be interground with the other lot, using the addition in such amounts as to produce the air-entrainment required in Specification C 150. Not more than two of the three clinkers shall be produced by or ground at the same mill, 3.1.2 In cases where it is desired that the proposed air-entraining addition be limited in use to specific types of cement in specific cement manufacturing plants, either or both Jess in number than required in 3.1.1, the tests and test procedure shall be as specified in 205 C226 3.1.1, except that the number of cements to be tested shall be limited to those under specific consideration, 3.13 The two companion cements made from any one clinker shall be ground to the same fineness (within 50 cm?/g) as measured by the turbidimeter test (6.1.3) or (within 100 cm?/g) as measured by the air permeability apparatus, and the sulfur trioxide (SO,) con- tent expressed as a percentage of the cement weight and reported to the nearest 0.01 per- cent, shall differ by no more than 0.24 for all types of cement. Each “control” cement shall comply with all of the requirements applicable to that type of cement, as prescribed in Speci- fication C 150, 3.1.4 The percentage of each of the fol- lowing constituents shall be determined for each lot of cement tested: silicon dioxide (SiO,), aluminum oxide (A1,0,), iron oxide (Fe,O,), calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), SOs, ignition loss, insoluble resi- due, sodium oxide (Na,0), and potassium oxide (KO). There shall also be calculated the potential percentages of the following compounds: tricalcium silicate, dicalcium sili- cate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite. Determinations for the per- centage of addition shall be made on the ce- ments containing the addition, using the method proposed therefore by the maker or seller of the addition. 3.2 Aggregates: 3.2.1 The fine and coarse aggregates used in the tests shall conform to the requirements of ASTM Specification C 33, for Concrete Aggregates,” except that the grading of the aggregates shall conform to the requirements given in Table 1, 3.2.2 The coarse aggregate shall be care- fully separated on the I-in. (25.0-mm), %-in. (19.0-mm), %-in. (12.5-mm), %-in. (9.5- mm), and No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieves, and then recombined, using equal quantities by weight of each of the resulting four sizes. 3.2.3 The fine and coarse aggregates used in the tests of any two companion cements (that is, a cement containing the addition and the corresponding “control” cement) shall each come from a single lot of such aggre- gate. * Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part \4agi 3.3 Reference Addition: 3.3.1 The reference addition used in the concrete mixture specified in Section 7, from which specimens will be made for tests for resistance to freezing and thawing as specified in 9.2.3, shalMbe any one of the four materials (Vinsol resin, Darex, N-TAIR, or Airalon) that have been declared acceptable by ASTM under the former ASTM Specifications C 175 - 48 T, for Air-Entraining Portland Cement.‘ 3.3.2. The reference addition to be used will be designated by the person or agency for whom the testing will be performed. If no ref- erence addition is designated, the material known commercially as “*Vinsol resin”* shall be used. The Vinsol resin used shall be neu- tralized with 15 weight percent of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The air contents of the concrete containing the reference addition and the concrete containing the proposed addition shall agree within 0.5 percentage points. 3.3.3 The reference addition, used as an admixture, is intended for use with control cements only in concrete for freezing-and- thawing tests to establish the durability factor by means of which the coneretes containing the addition under test may be evaluated. 3.3.4 Preparation of Standard Reference Solutions: 3.3.4.1 Place 50 g (total solids in the case of solution or pastes) of the designated refer- ance addition in 500 ml of freshly distilled water in a 1,000-liter flask and mix thor- oughly until the solids are completely dis- solved or the paste or solution is uniformly filuted. After surface foam has been dissi- pated, dilute to 1.000 liter and mix thor- dughly. 3.3.4.2 In the case of Vinsol resin, the neu- ralized solution shall be made as follows: Dissolve 7.50 g of cp NaOH in 100 ml of dis- illed water. Add a few drops of this solution .0 300 to 350 ml of distilled water contained na 600-ml beaker. Add 50.00 g of dry, un- reutralized Vinsol resin in pulverized form to he beaker and stir until all of the resin is wetted and well dispersed. Then add all of the NaOH solution to this suspension and stir antil all of the resin is in solution. Transfer to 1 measuring flask, dilute to 1.000 liter and nix thoroughly. From this stock standard 206 Cc 226 solution prepare a dilute standard solution by diluting 100 ml of the stock solution to 1,000 liter. 4. Sampling Cement 4.1 Samples of the plant-ground cements shall be obtained during grinding. Prior to the commencement of the sampling of a given lot of cement, the mill shall have run for approxi- mately 4h to establish equilibrium. Notes shall be kept as to the rate and continuity of the feed of the addition, the form in which the addition is used, strength of the solution, and the mill temperature. Fineness of the grinding should be checked during the grinding. 4.2 The quantity of sample shall be not less than 600 Ib (272 kg) for the cement containing the proposed addition and for the correspond- ing control cement. 4.3 As the cement samples are secured, they shall be placed in metal drums provided with gasket-fitted lids. The drums shall be tightly closed at the end of the sampling pe- riod. Prior to use, the samples of a given lot of cement shall be well blended to form a uni- form, representative composite, 5. Test Methods 5.1 Determine the properties enumerated in this specification in accordance with the methods prescribed in Sections 6 to 10. 6. Tests on Cement 6.1 Test the cement samples in accordance with the following methods: 6.1.1 Chemical Analysis of Cement— ASTM Methods C 114, Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement.” 6.1.2 Determination of Addition in the Fin- ished Cement—Determine the percentage of the addition in the finished cement by the method furnished by the manufacturer or seller of the proposed addition. The method ‘Discontinued, see 1949 Book of ASTM Standards, Part 3.«dl shall be adequate for the qualitative and quantitative determination of the addition in the finished cement, and shall be fully de- scribed in the report of the tests on the addi- tion. 6.1.3 Fineness of Cement—ASTM Method C 115, Test for Fineness of Portland Cement by the Turbidimeter,? or ASTM Method C 204, Test for Fineness of Portland Cement by Air Permeability Apparatus.? 6.1.4 Normal Consistency—ASTM Method C 187, Test for Normal Consistency of Hy- draulic Cement, 6.1.5 Time of Setting—Determine the time of setting with the Vicat needle, in accordance with ASTM Method C 191, Test for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle.* 6.1.6 Autoclave Expansion—ASTM Methods C 151, Test for Autoclave Expan- sion of Portland Cement.? 6.1.7 Air Content of Mortar—ASTM Method C 185, Test for Air Content of Hy- draulic Cement Mortar.? 6.1.8 Compressive Strength of Mortar— ASTM Method C 109, Test for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens).* 6.1.9 Length Changes of Mortar—For each lot of cement, determine the length change, using three 2 by 2 by 10-in, (50 by 50 by 254-mm) (gage length) mortar bars made of I part by weight of cement and 2 parts by weight of concrete sand conforming to 3.2. Use sufficient mixing water to secure a flow of from 100 to 115 when using the 10-in. flow table as prescribed in Method C 109. Cast suitable steel inserts in the ends of the bars for use in measurements. After having been stored for 20 to 24h in moist air, remove the bars from the molds and store in water for 6 days in accordance with the requirements pre- scribed in Section 11 of ASTM Method C 192, Making and Curing Concrete Test Speci- mens in the Laboratory.* Measure the bars at the age of 7 days in a suitable length compar- ator and then store in air at a relative hu- midity of about 50 percent until the end of the test. During air storage, so arrange the bars that all surfaces of each bar are freely e: posed to the air, and the percentage relative humidity of the storage atmosphere shall not vary by more than 43 percent from the c 226 chosen value. Make length change measure- ments at ages 7 and 28 days, 6 months, and | year. Report the length change for each bar as a percentage of its length at age 7 days. 7. Concrete Mixtures 1.1 Preparation and Weighing—Prepare all materials used in preparing the concrete mix- tures, and make all weighings, as prescribed in Method C 192. Report the amount of mixing water on the basis of saturated sur- face-dry aggregates, 7.2 Proportions—Design one concrete mix- ture, having an actual cement content of 5.5 + 0.05 U.S. bags/yd? (307 + 2.8 kg/m!) and use this mixture in all of the concrete tests specified herein. Adjust the water con- tent of the mixture to provide concrete having a consistency equal toa 2% + Y-in, (63.5 + 12.7-mm) slump. Adjust the ratio of fine ag- gregate to total aggregate to the optimum for concrete to be consolidated by hand-rodding (suggested trial values* for the percentage of fine aggregate in the total aggregate, by abso- lute volume, are shown in Table 2). 7.3 Mixing of Concrete—Mix the concrete in accordance with Method C 192 except as follows: Hand mixing shall not be permitted. The rated capacity of the mixer shall be not more than twice the size of the batch used. Use a preliminary (buttering) batch of the same Proportions as the test batch to coat the mixer and discard it just prior to receiving the batch of the test concrete, which shall be mixed con- tinuously for 2 min following phe addition of the mixing water. Do not scrape the mixer after buttering. At the end of the mixing pe- riod dump the concrete without scraping from the mixer into a metal wheelbarrow or pan, and then turn with a shovel before making the slump, unit weight, and air determinations, and also before being placed in the test spec- imen molds. 8. Tests on Plastic Concrete 8.1 Test samples of the plastic concrete in accordance with the following methods: 8.1.1 Consistency—ASTM Method C 143, ‘Values for concrete without entrained air are taken from the Standard Recommended Practice for the Design vf Concrete Mixes (ACI No. 613-44), Journal (Proceedings), JACIA, Am. Concrete Inst., Vol 41, June 1945, Table 5 p. 656, 207