Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
VPG-CRASH
3 Dec 2012
Full Frontal
Side impact
Offset Frontal
Roof crush
Rear impact
Occupant Restraints
Damage Modeling
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
Gurson Model
Hardening characteristics
Material Anisotropy
5. Resulting hardening curve relates the yield stress as a function of effective plastic strain.
2.
3.
t=0 ms
t=40 ms
t=0 ms
t=35 ms
t=40 ms
Forming a. Transferring local sheet thickness after forming to improve geometric description
b. Distribution of local pre-strain as a scalar quantity transferred from one simulation to another.
Strong dependence of failure strains on actual loading conditions is observed in high strength steels. Hence local plastic
strain values are not sufficient to define local-predamage of part since loading history data not available.
Strain Rates under crash and forming loading are of different nature making criterion like maximum plastic strain to failure
suitable for very special load cases.
To avoid this problem , is the use of damage models for both sides of the process chain.
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Gurson Model
Most popular model currently used for model damage failure.
Micromechanical Model. Microscopic approach to fracture.
Able to predict , both homogenous and localized dilatational deformation phases caused by presence of voids.
Derived based on the assumption that deformation mode of matrix material surrounding a void is homogenous.
Hence able to predict material softening behaviour due to nucleation and growth of voids. This is extended to predict the shift of
a homogenous deformation mode to a localized mode by void coalescence.
Gurson yield function is as follows
where ,
q1, q2 = Constants
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Element length
LCFC = Load curve defining critical void fraction vs
Element length
LCFN = Load curve defining void volume fraction of
nucleating particles vs Element length
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test data. Due to numerous input parameters which are actually coupled by complex functions of flow rule and
damage evolution creating input data card is difficult and time consuming.
2.
than void volume fraction at fracture, the material is predicted not to fail. Hydrostatic pressure remains constant
in simple shear and there is no macroscopic dilatation
3.
Gurson model is not able to describe failure under conditions of mean stress near zero or negative. In some
applications of deep drawing, there are remarkable magnitudes of shear and compressive shear deformation
which causes pre-damage which is not considered in Gurson model.
4.
Due to symmetry of the yield function w.r.t zero or mean stress , Gurson model doesn't predict increase in
strength w.r.t hydrostatic pressure.
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2nd Optimization & Stochastic Days 2012, Dec 3-4, Pune, India
Acknowledgement
Project has been carried out as a collaboration
CADFEM India
Karthik Chittepu
Tata Motors
Ganesh Gadekar
Kedar Joshi
Crash Application
Importance of crash
simulation?
- Safety
Why simulating?
- Compression of development
cycles
- Cost reduction
Why optiSLang?
- Unknown sensitivities
- Many parameters
Methodology
Boundary Conditions
Mesh
CAD Model
Input Parameters
Output Parameters
Plasticity Area
Failure Strain
optiSLang
optiSLang
Uniaxial Tensile
Test
FE Model
Stress-strain curve
Damage Parameters
In this parametric identification process the following damage
parameters in the Gurson model has to be identified :
FC: which is the critical void volume fraction,
where voids begin to aggregate.
EN: which is the mean nucleation
Post Processing
After the simulation the force and displacement are estimated.
Based on these value Stress-strain plot is plotted.
For the parametric identification following parameters are calculated from the
stress-strain curve
Area Under Plastic Region
Maximum stress
Failure Strain
Basic Criteria
1. Difference of area under
plastic region between Test
and Simulation
Target: 0
2. Difference of maximum
stress between Test and
Simulation
Target: 0
3. Difference of failure strain
between Test and
Simulation
Target: 0
Sensitivity Analysis
Sensitivity analysis is used to scan the
design space by varying design
optimization parameters within upper and
lower bounds
Global Sensitivity of responses with
respect to design variables variation
Identification of important input
parameters and possible reduction of
the design space dimension for
optimization
Understanding and verification of the
optimization problem
Choosing a start design for optimization
Proof of numerical robustness
Preparation of the optimization problem
and reduction of the problem dimension
Latin Hypercube
Sampling
Sensitivity Analysis
Objective History
Summary
In Crash simulation, numerical simulation of fracture and
material failure is important
Gurson Material model can define the material failure using
the void growth and nucleation approach
Identification of the damage parameters of the Gurson
Material model through tests in expensive
Material identification task is completed automated using
optiSLang
Sensitivity analysis is carried out to find out most influential
design parameters and also start design for optimization
All design parameters are considered for optimization
Evolutionary algorithm is used due to low simulation time
for each design
More research has to be done to understand the Gurson
model behavior
2nd Optimization & Stochastic Days 2012: Dec 3-4, Pune
Thank You