1.

Column selectivity
Summary
The ratio of the Number of Distinct Values in the indexed column / number of ro
ws in the table represents the Selectivity of a column.
The ideal selectivity is 1. Such a selectivity can be reached only by unique in
dexes on NOT NULL columns.
Follow the example to calculate the columns selectivity CREATE TABLE HELPDESK.E
XAMPLE
(ID NUMBER(9),
GROUP_NAME VARCHAR2(30),
ACCOUNT_NAME VARCHAR2(30))
TABLESPACE HELPDESK;
CREATE SEQUENCE HELPDESK.EXAMPLE_SEQ
START WITH 0
INCREMENT BY 1
MINVALUE 0
NOCACHE
NOCYCLE
NOORDER;
Now run the pl/sql code to fill the table BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
FOR k IN 1..100000 LOOP
INSERT INTO HELPDESK.EXAMPLE VALUES (helpdesk.example_seq.NEXTVAL, 'GROUP'
|| i, 'ACCOUNT' || k);
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
END LOOP;
END;
/
You must calculate the statistics for the table BEGIN
DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(ownname=>'HELPDESK', tabname=>'EXAMPLE',
estimate_percent=>100, CASCADE=>TRUE, DEGREE=>8);
END;
/
First calculate the number of rows in the table SQL> SELECT TABLE_NAME, LAST_ANA
LYZED, NUM_ROWS
2 FROM DBA_TABLES
3 WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'EXAMPLE';
TABLE_NAME
LAST_ANAL NUM_ROWS
------------------------------ --------- ---------EXAMPLE
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1000000
The table has 1million rows so it is also possible to query DBA_TAB_COLUMNS to i
nvestigate the selectivity of each column individually. SQL> SELECT COLUMN_NAME,
LAST_ANALYZED, NUM_DISTINCT, (NUM_DISTINCT/1000000)*100 || '%' SELECTIVITY
2 FROM DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
3 WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'EXAMPLE'
4 ORDER BY COLUMN_ID ASC;
COLUMN_NAME
LAST_ANAL NUM_DISTINCT SELECTIVITY
------------------------------ --------- ------------ --------------------------

--------------ID
GROUP_NAME
ACCOUNT_NAME

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1000000 100%
10 .001%
100000 10%

If you are investigating to create a composite index with columns GROUP_NAME and
ACCOUNT_NAME then put as a leading column the column with the highest selectivi
ty. In this case the ACCOUNT_NAME should be the leading column.
Other links
Concatenated index columns order
Change CBO Stats Selectivity for given Index and Column
2.