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turbine.
PES
practically implemented.
1-2 isentropic pump
2-3 constant pressure heat addition
3-4 isentropic turbine 4-1 constant pressure heat rejection
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PRESSURE
ENTRANCE
HIGH THERMAL ENERGY
HIGH PRESSURE
LOW VELOCITY
STEAM INLET
EXIT
LOW THERMAL ENERGY
LOW PRESSURE
HIGH VELOCITY
STEAM EXHAUST
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VELOCITY
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NOZZLE
STEAM
CHEST
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REPRESENTS MOVING
IMPULSE BLADES
PRESSURE
TURBINE
SHAFT
ENTRANCE
HIGH VELOCITY
STEAM INLET
EXIT
LOW VELOCITY
STEAM EXHAUST
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VELOCITY
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Reaction Turbine
In this type of turbine, there is a
gradual pressure drop and takes place
continuously over the fixed and moving
blades. The rotation of the shaft and drum,
which carrying the blades is the result of
both impulse and reactive force in the
steam. The reaction turbine consist of a
row of stationary blades and the following
row of moving blades
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STEAM CHEST
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REPRESENTS MOVING
REACTION BLADES
PRESSURE
TURBINE
SHAFT
ENTRANCE
HIGH PRESSURE
HIGH VELOCITY
STEAM INLET
EXIT
LOW PRESSURE
LOW VELOCITY
STEAM EXHAUST
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VELOCITY
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Velocity Compounding:
There are number of moving blades
separated by rings of fixed blades as shown
in the figure. All the moving blades are keyed
on a common shaft. When the steam passed
through the nozzles where it is expanded to
condenser pressure. It's Velocity becomes
very high. This high velocity steam then
passes through a series of moving and fixed
blades
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Pressure Compounding:
These are the rings of moving blades which
are keyed on a same shaft in series, are
separated by the rings of fixed nozzles.
The steam at boiler pressure enters the
first set of nozzles and expanded partially. The
kinetic energy of the steam thus obtained is
absorbed by moving blades.
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PRESSURE-VELOCITY COMPOUNDED
IMPULSE TURBINE
CURTIS STAGE
NOZZLE, MOVING BLADE,
FIXED BLADE, AND MOVING BLADE
NOZZLE MOVING
BLADE
FIXED
BLADE
MOVING
BLADE
RATEAU STAGE
NOZZLE & MOVING
BLADE
NOZZLE MOVING
BLADE
PRESSURE
VELOCITY
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A
cross
compound
turbine
arrangement features two or more
shafts not in line driving two or more
generators that often operate at
different speeds. A cross compound
turbine is typically used for many
large applications.
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Two-flow rotors
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Turbine efficiency
Schematic diagram outlining the difference
between an impulse and a 50% reaction
turbine
To maximize turbine efficiency the steam is
expanded, doing work, in a number of
stages. These stages are characterized by
how the energy is extracted from them and
are known as either impulse or reaction
turbines.
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Impulse turbines
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Reaction turbines
In the reaction turbine, the rotor blades
themselves
are
arranged
to
form
convergent nozzles. This type of turbine
makes use of the reaction force produced
as the steam accelerates through the
nozzles formed by the rotor.
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