Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Cloze

Name ________________________________________

Science _____

Background: Matter is the material of the (1)___________________ and can be defined as anything that has mass and
takes up (2) ___________________. Most of the matter around us consists of mixtures of many (3) ________________.
Soil, air, lemonade, and wood are all mixtures. The main characteristic of a mixture is that it has a variable
(4)__________________. For example, soil is a (5)___________________ of many substances with varying proportions,
depending on the type of soil and where it is found.
Word Bank: space mixture
substances
soil
universe
composition
Mixtures can be classified as either (6)__________________ or homogeneous. A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that
is not uniform in composition. If one portion of the mixture were to be sampled, its composition would be
(7)_______________ from the composition of another portion. A chocolate chip cookie is a
heterogeneous mixture because the number of chips varies throughout the cookie. Soil,
containing bits of decayed material along with sand, silt, and/or clay, is also a heterogeneous
mixture. Other (8)__________________ of heterogeneous mixtures are sand in water and vinegar-and-oil dressing. A
(9)________________is a type of heterogeneous mixture where the particles are dispersed throughout a fluid. However,
the particles in a suspension tend to settle to the bottom of the fluid.
Word Bank: examples suspension heterogeneous
different
A homogeneous mixture, also called a solution, is a mixture that has a completely (10) _____________ composition. The
components of the mixture are evenly distributed (11) ________________ the sample. Air, salt water, and brass are
examples of homogeneous mixtures, or solutions. Air is a (12) _______________ solution consisting of a mixture of
gases; salt water is a liquid solution, and (13) ____________________is a solid solution of copper and zinc. A colloid is
a type of homogenous mixture that is thick and gooey. Gels, glue and (14) __________________are examples of
colloids.
brass
Jell-O
gaseous
uniform
Mixtures, both homogeneous and heterogeneous, can be (15) ___________________ into pure substances by physical
Word Bank: throughout

methods. A pure substance is one with a uniform and definite composition. Pure substances can be divided into two
groups: elements and compounds. (16) _________________ are the simplest forms of matter, which cannot be
decomposed into simpler substances by any chemical or physical means. Elements are the building blocks for all other
substances. Some examples of elements include hydrogen, (17) _______________, carbon, and sulfur. Elements can
combine with one another to form (18) ___________________. Compounds are substances composed of two or more
elements chemically combined that can be separated into simpler substances only by (19) ___________________means.
Water, for example, is a compound because pure water is composed of only H 20 molecules. Each
molecule of water is a chemical combination of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Water can be decomposed into its elements only by chemical means. A process called
electrolysis, where an electric current is passed through the (20) _______________, is used to
break it down into its component elements, hydrogen and oxygen.
Word Bank: chemical

separated

Elements

oxygen

atom

compounds

water

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Cloze

Characteristics that allow you to (21) ____________________ one kind of matter from another are called
properties. A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured
without changing the identity of the substance. Physical (22) _________________ can help to identify a substance.
Some examples of physical properties of matter are color, solubility, mass, odor, mag netism, hardness, melting
point, and (23) ________________. A chemical property is the ability of a substance to undergo chemical
reactions and to form new (24) _________________. Chemical properties can also help to identify a substance.
Some examples of chemical properties of matter are the ability to rust, corrode, decompose, or react.
Word Bank: distinguish
properties
substances
density
Mixtures are simply a heterogeneous or homogeneous physical (25) _______________ of two or more substances.
They can be separated based solely on physical properties, or by undergoing physical (26) ______________. A
physical change alters a substance without changing its composition. For example, the melting of ice, the freezing
of water, the evaporation of water, or the bending of a piece of metal are all physical changes which do not change
the (27) _______________ of the substance. The formula for water is always H 20 no matter what phase the water is
in. Physical separation techniques-such as filtration, evaporation, or distillation-are ways to separate a mixture into
its component parts. The properties of each component part before mix ing and after separation will not be (28)
_________________ by undergoing the physical separation. For example, imagine making a mixture of sugar in
water. The sugar can be recovered by evaporation of the water; the water can be recovered by condensation. The
sugar has the same properties before mixing and after (29) ______________. The same is true of the water.
Word Bank: changes
identity
blend
separation
altered
Compounds, on the other hand, can be made or separated based on chemical properties or by undergoing chemical
changes. A chemical change, sometimes called a chemical (30) ____________________, is one in which a given
substance becomes a new substance or substances with (31) ________________
properties and different composition. For example, the burning of leaves, the baking of
bread, and the rusting of iron are all chemical changes in which the original substance
has changed to a completely different substance with different properties and a different
chemical (32) ___________________. The original substance cannot be recovered easily (except
perhaps by another (33) ______________________ change). For example, imagine burning sugar, which is
combining it with oxygen. The resulting product is very differ ent than the starting material and the original sugar
cannot be recovered.
Word Bank: reaction

chemical

different

composition

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Cloze

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures