Virginia Extradition Manual 2011

Virginia Extradition Manual
SecretaryoftheCommonwealth
CommonwealthofVirginia
2011
TheVirginiaExtraditionManualisavailablefromtheSecretaryoftheCommonwealth,
PostOfficeBox2454,Richmond,Virginia23218
TABLEOFCONTENTS
PARTI
Chapter1
Chapter2
PARTII
3
4
SourcesoftheLaw
ExtraditableOffenses
InterstateAgreementonDetainers
10
11
13
RolesandResponsibilities
Chapter6
Chapter7
Chapter8
Chapter9
Chapter10
PARTIV
OverviewoftheManual
TheExtraditionProcess
LegalIssues
Chapter3
Chapter4
Chapter5
PARTIII
Page
Introduction
TheLawEnforcementOfficer
TheMagistrate
TheClerkoftheCourt
TheCommonwealthsAttorney
JudgesoftheDistrictandCircuitCourts
17
20
23
25
29
CasesRequiringSpecialConsideration
Chapter11
Chapter12
ExtraditionofJuveniles
OtherCasesRequiringSpecial
Consideration
34
35
Appendices
AppendixA SampleExtraditionForms
AppendixB OtherStatesSpecialRequirements
AndTimeLimits
AppendixC RequisitionApplicationChecklist
AppendixD TravelOrderRequestPolicyandForm
AppendixE CodeofVirginiaExcerpts
AppendixF Terminology
AppendixG InternationalExtraditionInformation
39
52
60
63
67
80
84
CHAPTER1
OVERVIEWOFTHEMANUAL
Extraditionhasalonganddistinguishedhistory.TheU.S.systemofextraditionisempowered
bytheU.S.Constitutionandisadministeredunderapplicablefederalandstatelaw.InVirginia,
theprovisionsgoverningextraditionproceduresaresetforthinSections19.2through19.2118
oftheCodeofVirginia(1950)asamended.
Whiletheconceptofextraditioniseasilyunderstood,theprocedurestobefollowedinany
particularextraditioncasecanbecomequitecomplex.Thisisduetothemyriadoflegalissues
associatedwithextradition,thenumberofactorsinvolvedintheextraditionprocess,andthefact
thateachextraditioncaseisunique.Thismanual isdesignedtohelpguidestateandlocal
officialsthroughthisprocess.
Themanualisdividedintofourdistinctbutinterrelatedparts.PartIisdesignedtoprovidethe
readerwithanintroductiontoboththemanualandtotheextraditionprocessaspracticedwithin
theCommonwealth.
PartIIisconcernedwithlegalissues.Itcontainschaptersdealingwiththefollowingsubjects:
sourcesoflaw,extraditableoffensesandtheinterstateagreementondetainers.Thispartis
supplementedbyseveralappendices,whicharealsoconcernedwithlegalissues.AppendixA
providesaseriesofsampleformats,whichcanbeusedbyVirginiaofficialsinperforming
extraditionactions.AppendixCofthemanualcontainsrelevantexcerptsoftheCodeofVirginia,
thedocumentwhichgovernsextraditionpracticewithintheCommonwealth.AppendixD
providesdefinitionsoflegaltermsandacronymsassociatedwiththissubject.
PartIIIofthemanualis,insomerespects,themostimportant.Withinitsfivechaptersare
detaileddiscussionsoftherolesandresponsibilitiesofmajoractorsinvolvedintheextradition
process.Actorsdiscussedinclude:lawenforcementofficials,magistrates,clerksofcourts,
CommonwealthsAttorneysandjudgesofthedistrictandcircuitcourts.
PartIVexaminesextraditioncaseswithrequirespecialconsideration.Discussedwithinthe
twochaptersofthissectionaretheextraditionofjuveniles,parolees,fugitives,military
personnel,NativeAmericansandotherspecialcases.ThissectionissupplementedbyAppendix
B,whichoutlinesthespecialrequirementsofotherstates.
Whilethismanualattemptstocoverthemyriadofissuesassociatedwithextradition,
questionswillneverthelessarise.TheOfficeoftheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthwillgladly
assistVirginiaofficialsinobtainingtheanswerstosuchquestions.Theofficecanbereachedat
(804)7862441.
CHAPTER2
THEEXTRADITIONPROCESS
Extraditionisthelegalsurrenderofanallegedcriminal,apprehendedinonejurisdiction,to
anotherstate,countryorothergovernmentalunitfortrial.Twodistinctprocessesareusedto
achievethisend onewhenVirginiaisthestateofasylumforthefugitive,theotherwhen
Virginiaisthestatefromwhichthefugitivefled,andtheCommonwealthisseekinghisorher
return.
A.WHENVIRGINIAISTHESTATEOFASYLUM
FigureA,onthefollowingpage,outlineswhattypicallyoccurswhenafugitivefromanother
stateisfoundinVirginia.Assuggestedbythisfigure,severalthingshavegenerallyalready
transpiredpriortoanyinvolvementofaVirginiaofficialintheextraditioncase.Inmost
situationsthesewillincludethefollowing:1)thecommissionofthecrime2)theidentification
ofasuspect3)thechargingofthesuspecteitherbyanarrestwarrantoranindictment4)the
fleeingofthesuspectacrossstatelines5)theissuanceofafugitivewarrant6)notificationof
otherstatesofthefugitive,bywayoftheNationalCrimeInformationCenter(NCIC).
OnceafugitivefromanotherstateisfoundinVirginia,thefirstorderofbusinessistoplace
thesuspectunderarrest.Todothisanarrestwarrantisusuallyrequired.Thelocallaw
enforcementofficialobtainssuchawarrantbyappearingbeforeamagistrate,outliningthe
reasonforthearrest,andpresentingwhateversupportinginformationmaybeavailable(i.e.,
NCICmessage,fugitivewarrant,etc.).Theonlytimeawarrantisnotrequirediswhenthe
fugitivehasbeenofficiallychargedwithacrimeinanotherstatethatispunishablebydeathor
imprisonmentformorethanoneyear.(SeeSec.19.299and19.2100oftheCodeofVirginia.)
Shortlyafteranyarrest,twothingstypicallyoccur:Thedemandingstateisnotifiedofthe
arrest,andthefugitiveistakenbeforeamagistrateorotherappropriatedofficerofthecourt.
Whatoccursatthisinitialhearingdependentinpartonwhetherthearrestwasmadewithor
withoutawarrant.Ifitwasmadewithoutawarrant,thefirstthingthemagistratemustdois
determinewhetherornottherewassufficientjustificationforthearrest,andifjustificationis
foundsufficient,issuethewarrantorrequiredaffidavitasnecessary.Onceawarranthasbeen
issued,orif thearrestwasmadewithawarrantalreadyinhand,themagistratewillinformthe
fugitiveofthechargesagainsthimandhisrightsunderthelaw,determinewhetherornotto
allowbail,andscheduleanearlyappearanceforthefugitiveindistrictcourt.(SeeChapter7for
furtherdetails.)
FIGUREA
FLOWCHARTOFTHEEXTRADITIONPROCESSWHENAFUGITIVEFROM
ANOTHERU.S.JURISDICTIONISFOUNDINVIRGINIA
DetailsofwhatwilltypicallyoccurinDistrictCourtareprovidedelsewhereinthismanual.
(SeeChapter10.)SufficeittosaythatatthefirstappearanceinDistrictCourtthejudgewill,
amongotherthings,allowthefugitivetheoptionofwaivingextradition.Manyfugitiveschoose
thisoption,knowingthatinallikelihoodtheywillbeextradited,andbywaivingextraditiondo
notdelaytheinevitable.
Ifextraditionisnotwaived,anotherseriesofstepsisnecessary.First,thedemandingmust
initiateaformalrequestforextradition.Thisrequestcomesfromthegovernorofthedemanding
state,butisgenerallybaseduponinformationsuppliedbythelocalprosecutorofthejurisdiction
wherethecrimewascommitted.Theextraditionrequestshouldtypicallyinclude:acopyofthe
warrantwithaffidavitsoranindictmentagainstthefugitive,acompleteapplicationfor
requisition,copiesofthestatutesthefugitiveischargedwithviolating,informationforthe
identificationofthefugitive(i.e.fingerprintsorphotos),andrequiredcertifications.
OncethecompleteextraditionrequestisreceivedbytheGovernorsoffice,itisforwarded
fromtheOfficeoftheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthtotheOfficeoftheAttorneyGeneral,
whereitisreviewedforlegalsufficiency.Twocrucialthingsarelookedfor:1)whetherthe
fugitiveis,infact,chargedwithacrimeinthedemandingstateand2)whethertheperson
arrestedisthefugitive.TheGovernorsofficewillnotexamineissuesofprobablecauseforthe
charge.Norwillitconsiderotherdefensessuchasalibiorselfdefense.Theseissuesare
consideredmattersbetweenthefugitiveandthedemandingstate.
OncetheGovernorsofficeissatisfiedthatthedemandingstatehasmetthenecessary
requirementsforextradition,aGovernorsWarrantisissued.Thiswarrantservesasan
authorizationfortakingthefugitiveintocustodyforthepurposeofturninghimorherovertothe
demandingstate.Inmanycasesthefugitivewillalreadybeincustodybecauseheorshewasnot
released,orcouldnotmakebail.Ifnotalreadyincustodyhewillbeplacedintoit,withhisbail
revokedpursuanttotheGovernorsWarrant.
Thefugitivecannotimmediatelybeturnedovertothedemandingstate.Statelawrequires
thatallfugitivesmustfirstappearbeforeajudge,who,asspecifiedintheCode,mustinformthe
fugitiveofthedemandmadeforhissurrenderandofthecrimewithwhichheischarged,that
hehastherighttodemandandprocurelegalcounselandiftheprisonerorhiscounselshallstate
thatheortheydesiretotestthelegalityofhisarrest,thejudgeortrialjusticeshallfixa
reasonabletimetobeallowedhimwithwhichtoapplyforawritofhabeascorpus(Sec.19.2
95).Ifthefugitivefailstoapplyforthewritwithinthespecifiedtimelimit,hemaybeturned
overtotheagentofthedemandingstate.Ifthefugitiveappliesforawritwithintheallowable
timeframe,ahearingisheldwithinCircuitCourt.(SeeChapter10.)
TheCircuitCourtJudgewilldenyorgrantthepetitiononthewritofhabeascorpusbased
uponfindingsrelatedtofourissues:1)whetherthepersonisafugitive2)whetherthefugitive
hasbeenchargedwithacrimeinthedemandingstate3)whetherthefugitiveistheperson
namedintherequestand4)whethertheextraditiondocumentsareinorder.Ifallthesetestsare
passed,thepetitionwillbedenied,andthefugitivewillbeturnedovertothedemandingstate.If
anyisnot,thefugitivemaybereleased.
B.WHENVIRGINIAISTHEDEMANDINGSTATE
FigureBoutlinestheextraditionprocesswhenafugitivefromVirginiaisfoundinanother
U.S.jurisdiction.Asmightbeexpected,verysimilarprocedurestakeplace.Fugitivesfrom
Virginiamaybeextraditedregardlessofwhetherthecrimecommittedinthisstatewasafelony
ormisdemeanor.
OnceafugitivefromVirginiahasbeenarrestedinanotherstate,theCommonwealths
Attorneyofthejurisdictionwherethefugitivewaschargedisnotified.Asoutlineinmoredetail
inChapter9ofthismanual,itistheCommonwealthsAttorneywhoisresponsiblefor
assemblingthemyriadofdocumentsneededbytheGovernorsofficetorequestanextradition
(assumingthatextraditionisnotwaivedbythefugitive).TheDocumentswilltypicallyinclude:
copiesoftheindictmentorarrestwarrantwithsupportingaffidavitastatementthatthe
extraditionisnotbeingundertakenasameansofenforcingaprivateclaimfingerprintsor
photographscopiesofthestatuesthefugitiveischargedwithviolatingtheapplicablefor
requisition,etc.Iftheextraditionissueisrelatedtobail,probationorparole,ajudgmentorderof
convictionorasentencingdocument,togetherwithanaffidavitoutliningthecircumstanceofthe
violationwillbenecessary.
AllextraditionmaterialsarereviewedbytheOfficeoftheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthto
ensurethattheyarecompleteandcomplywiththerequirementsoftheasylumstate.Onceall
documentsarecomplete,itistheGovernorwhoformallyrequeststheextradition.Finally,ifthe
extraditionisgranted,theGovernorrequestsoneormorelawenforcementofficers,designatedb
thelocalCommonwealthsAttorney,toretrievethefugitive.
Proceduresforextraditionarestrikinglysimilarnationwide.Moststateshavepassedthe
UniformCriminalExtraditionAct(UCEA),orsimilarstatutes.Nonetheless,practiceswillvary.
TheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthsOffice(8047862441)isfamiliarwiththespecial
requirementsofotherstates,andshouldbecontactedwithanyquestion.
FIGUREB
FLOWCHARTOFTHEEXTRADITIONPROCESSWHENAFUGITIVEFROM
VIRGINIAISFOUNDINANOTHERU.S.JURISDICTION
PARTII
LegalIssues
CHAPTER3
SourcesofLaw
A. InterstateExtradition
Interstateextraditionisgovernedbyfederallaw.InArticleIV,Section2,Clause2,the
UnitedStatesConstitutionstates:
Apersonchargedinanystatewithtreason,felony,orother
crime,whoshallfleefromjustice,andbefoundinanother
state,shallondemandoftheexecutiveauthorityofthestate
fromwhichhefled,bedeliveredup,toberemovedtothestate
havingjurisdictionofthecrime.
Congresshasenactedanimplementingstatutethatdetailstheprocedureforexecuting
interstatefugitiveextraditionrequests(18U.S.C.3182).
Stateshavetheauthoritytoenactlegislationdealingwithinterstateextraditionprovidedthe
legislationdoesnotconflictwithfederallaw.Forexample,statelawcansupplementfederallaw
byaddressingareasCongresshasnot.Tohelpeliminateconflictsamongtheextraditionlawsof
thevariousstates,asbasedonthefederalstatute,auniformactwasfirstdevelopedin1926.
Moststates,includingVirginia,haveadoptedtheUniformCriminalExtraditionAct(UCEA),set
forthinSections19.284through19.2118,CodeofVirginia(1950),asamended.Theact
detailstherequirementsforinterstateextraditionandprovidesforuniformityamongthestates.
ItadoptstherequirementsoffederallawandsupplementsthoserequirementswhereCongress
hasnotacted.
NOTE: Threestates,Louisiana,Mississippi andSouthCarolina,havenotadoptedtheUCEA.
ConsulttheOfficeoftheSecretaryoftheCommonwealth,Richmond,Virginiaat(804)786
2441,whendealingwiththesestates.
B. InternationalExtradition
Internationalextraditionisgovernedwhollybyfederallawandallrequestsforextradition
fromforeigncountriesmustbecoordinatedthroughtheUnitedStatesDepartmentofJustice,
CriminalDivision,OfficeofInternationalAffairs.Requestsfortheextraditionofpersonsby
foreigngovernmentsshallbedeterminedinthefirstinstancebyajudgeormagistrate,butthe
ultimatedecisiontoextraditeisordinarilyamatterfortheExecutive.
Executiveshavediscretionrelatedtothedecisiontoextraditetheymaychoosenotto
extraditeanindividualwhere,intheopinionofthejudiciary,theindividualsconstitutional
rightswouldbeviolated.ContacttheVirginiaAttorneyGeneralsOffice,Richmond,Virginia,
at(804)7860037,priortoaddressinganinternationalcase.
10
CHAPTER4
EXTRADITABLEOFFENSES
A. Criminal
Thewordstreason,felonyandothercrimeintheConstitutionandfederalstatuteshave
beenheldtoincludeeveryoffenseknown tothelawsofthestatefromwhichtheaccusedhas
fled,includingmisdemeanors.Thisincludescommonlawcrimesaswellasstatutorycrimes.
Theaccusedcan,therefore,beextraditedwhenheischargedwithanyoffensethatisacrimein
thedemandingstate.Theasylumstatecannotdenyextraditionsolelybecausetheoffensewith
whichthefugitiveischargedisnotacriminaloffenseintheasylumstate.
Thechargeagainsttheaccusedmustbeapunishableoffenseinthedemandingstate.The
righttoextraditeisnotbasedonadeterminationofguilt,butratheronthefactthatthepersonis
chargedwithacrime.Aclaimofinnocencebytheaccusedisimmaterial.Alsosubjectto
extraditionarethosepersonsconvictedandescapedorthosewhohaveviolatedtheconditionsof
theirbail,probationorparole.
Incertainsituation,whilethelawmayallowextradition,civilremediesarethepreferred
approachforobtainingjustice.Thisistrueofcasesrelatedtochildcustody,nonsupport,
worthlesschecks,rentalproperty,andmortgagedproperty.PleaseseeSectionC,below,fora
discussionofissuesrelatedtothesetypesofcases.
B. Qualifications
Afugitivesmotiveforleavingthedemandingstateandthemannerinwhichheorshecame
tobeintheasylumstatehasnobearingonhisorherstatusasafugitivefromjustice.Heorshe
neednotbeintheasylumstatevoluntarilytobeconsideredafugitive(Sec.19.290).Ifthe
accusedleftthedemandingstatewiththeknowledgeandconsentofstateauthorities,itmakesno
difference.Thepersonneedonlyhavecommittedorbeenaccusedofhavingcommittedacrime
inthedemandingstateandbeenfoundintheasylumstatetobequalifiedforextradition.
Underthefederal statute,theaccusedmusthavebeeninthedemandingstatewhenthecrime
wascommittedorthepersonisnotafugitivefromjustice.However,theUCEAprovidesforthe
extraditionofapersonwhocommittedanactintheasylumstateorinathirdstatewhichheor
sheintendedtoresultinacrimeinthedemandingstate.Forexample,theaccusedmayhave
conspiredinGeorgiatocommitacrimewhichoccurredinVirginia.Virginiacandemand
extraditionoftheaccusedfromGeorgiaasafugitivefromjusticeeventhoughthepersonnever
enteredVirginia.Thegovernoroftheasylumstatehasthediscretiontodenyextraditioninsuch
acase,althoughsuchadenialisrare.
11
C. MattersWhereCivilRemediesarePreferred
Theextraditionprocesscannotbeusedtoreturnapersonfortheenforcementofaprivate
claimorforthecollectionofadebt.TheappropriateCommonwealthsAttorneyshouldbe
certainthattheextraditionprocessisusedonlyforcriminalprosecution.
Whileextraditionispossible,itmaynotbethepreferredorappropriateinthefollowing
cases:
1. ChildCustody TheappropriateCommonwealthsAttorneyshouldrequirethelegal
custodianofthechildtopursueallavailablecivilremediesbeforeseekingextraditionforthe
transportingofachildoutofstateinviolationofacustodyorder.
2. Nonsupport TheUniform InterstateFamily SupportAct(UIFSA)isthepreferredapproach
foraddressingcasesrelatedtoabandonment,nonsupport,bastardy,etc.Extraditionshould
berequestedonlyafterallremediesavailableunderthisacthavebeenexhausted.If
extraditionisrequestedpriortotheutilizationoftheremediesavailableunderUIFSA,the
requestshouldbeaccompaniedbyanaffidavitfromtheappropriatelawenforcementofficer
orCommonwealthsAttorneyjustifyingtherequest.
3. WorthlessChecksWhetherornotextraditionistheappropriateremedyforthewritingof
badchecksdependsonthenatureoftheoffense.Extraditionshouldnotbesoughtunless:a)
thecheckoraggregatecheckstotaledmorethan$100.00b)thecheckwaswrittenona
closedornonexistentaccountorc)thecaseinvolvedforgeryorasimilaroffense.
4.RentalProperty Theappropriatenessofutilizingextraditionforcasesinvolvingrental
property,again,dependsuponthenatureoftheoffense.Wheretheindividualfailstoreturn
rentalproperty,buttheredoesnotappeartobeanattempttosteal,theincidentshouldbe
handledasacivilmatter.Whereitisclearthattheintentwastodeprivetheownerofthe
propertyandthenimmediatelyleavesthestate,larcenymaybetheappropriatechargeand
extraditioncouldbeanappropriateremedy.
4. MortgagedProperty Extraditionisrarelytheappropriateremedyincasesinvolving
mortgagedproperty.Thesecasesshouldroutinelybehandledascivilmatters,regardlessof
theamountofmoneyinvolved.Thisisparticularlytrueifthedefendanthasmaderegular
paymentsonthemerchandiseinquestion.Ifthecaseinvolvesanattempttodefraud,then
extraditionmaybeappropriate.Thismightbethecaseinasituationwherepropertywas
purchasedandthedefendantimmediatelyleftVirginiawithnopaymentsbeingmadeonthe
item.
12
CHAPTER5
INTERSTATEAGREEMENTONDETAINERS
Onoccasionafugitivefromonestatemaybefoundunderdetentioninanotherstate.To
facilitatetheorderlyandexpeditiousdispositionofjusticeinthissituation,48statesandthe
DistrictofColumbiahaveenteredintoacompactknownastheInterstateAgreementon
Detainers,orIAD(SeeSec.53.1210oftheCodeofVirginia).
TheIADprovidesamechanismbywhichprisonersinonejurisdictioncanbebroughttotrial
onoutstandingchargesinanotherjurisdictioninatimelyfashion.Theprocessisactivatedby
thelodgingofadetainerwiththefacilityinwhichthefugitiveisincarcerated.Oncethedetainer
hasbeenlodged,anearlytrialmaybepromptedbyeithertheprisonerortheprosecutorforthe
jurisdictioninwhichthechargesareoutstanding.
A. PrisonerRequestedAction
Whenadetainerislodgedagainstaprisoner,prisonofficialsarerequiredtonotifytheprisoner
of:
1. theexistenceofthedetainer
2. itssource
3. thenatureofthecharges
4. hisorherrightsundertheIAD
Oncenotified,theprisonermayinvoketheprovisionsoftheIAD,andrequestthedispositionof
outstandingcharges(SeeArticleIII(c)ofSec.53.1210oftheCodeofVirginia).Thisis
typically accomplishedinasevenstepprocess:
1. TheprisoneradvisedthewardenofhisorherdesiretoinvoketheIADtoobtainfinal
dispositionoftheoutstandingcharges.
2. Theprisonersignsappropriateformsrequestingdispositionofsuchcharges.
3. Prisonofficialspromptlyforwardtherequesttotheprosecutor(s)ofthejurisdiction(s)who
filedthedetainer(s),togetherwithacertificateoftheinmatesstatusandanofferof
temporarycustody.
4. Theaffectedprosecutorimmediatelynotifiestheprisonofhisorheracceptanceoftheoffer
oftemporarycustody.
5. Whennotifiedthatalllegalproceedingshaveconcludedinthesendingstate,anagentis
dispatchedtotaketheprisonerintocustody.
6. Within180daysofthetimetheprosecutorreceivedtheprisonersrequestfordispositionand
therequiredsupportingdocuments,theprisonermustbebroughttotrial.Asspecifiedinthe
13
CodeofVirginia,thecourthavingjurisdictionofthemattermaygrantanynecessaryor
reasonablecontinuance.Failuretoprosecuteanycharges(s)pendingagainsttheprisoner
withinthe180dayperiodoranextendeddeadlineresultsindismissalofthecharge(s).
7. Followingthecourtproceedingswithinthereceivingstate,theprosecutornotifiesthe
institutionfromwhichtheprisonerwasobtainedandotherappropriateofficialsinthe
sendingstate,ofthedispositionofthecaseandarrangesfortheprisonersreturn.
Byrequestingdispositionofoutstandingcharges,theprisonerwaivesextraditiontothe
receivingstatetostandtrialonanyoutstandingcharges.Moreover,heorshewaivesextradition
toserveanyprisontermimposedinthereceivingstateoncethesentencehasbeencompletedin
thestatewhereheorshewasoriginallyconfined.
B. ProsecutorInitiatedAction
Assuggestedearlierinthischapter,theprosecutorforajurisdictionwherechargesare
outstandingmayusetheIADforthepurposeofobtainingtemporarycustodyofaprisonerfrom
thestatewhereheorsheisbeingheld.Oncethedetainerhasbeenlodgedandtheprisoner
appropriatelynotified,theprocedureusedtoobtaincustodytypicallyconsistsofsixsteps:
1. Theprosecutorforthejurisdictionwithoutstandingchargesmustprepareaformal
requestfortemporarycustodyandsubmitcopiestotheprisoner,theinstitutioninwhich
theprisonerisincarcerated,andtheAgreementAdministratorofthesendingstate.The
requestmustbesignedbytheprosecutorandcertifiedbyalocaljudge.Further,itshould
beaccompaniedbysupportingmaterialsincluding:certifiedcopiesofthecomplaint,
informationorindictmentthearrestwarrant,etc.anddocumentsidentifyingthefugitive
(i.e.,fingerprints,photographs,aphysicaldescription).
2. Oncetherequestisreceivedinthesendingstate,severalthingswilloccurpriorto
permissionbeinggrantedforthereceivingstatetotaketemporarycustody.First,prison
officialswillprepareacertificateoftheinmatesstatusandtransmitacopytothe
prosecutor.Second,sinceitisaninvoluntarytransfer,apretransferhearingwillbeheld
atwhichtheprisonerwillbeinformedofthechargesandofhisrightsunderthelaw,
includingtherighttoapplyforawritofhabeascorpus.Third,prisonofficialswillwait
30daysafterreceivingarequestbeforeformallyactingonit,inordertoallowthe
sendingstatesgovernoradequateopportunitytodisapproveit.Assumingthatthe
transferisnotdisapprovedbythegovernor,norbarredbythecourts,temporarycustody
willbeoffered.
3. Asintheextraditioncase,oncepermissionfortemporarycustodyisgranted,agentsmust
beidentifiedbytheappropriateprosecutortoretrievetheprisoner.(SeeChapter9ofthis
manual.)Asamatterofpractice,onlyVirginialawenforcementofficersshouldbeused
forthispurpose.Moreover,anagentofthesamesexastheprisonershouldbeused.
4. AsspecifiedinArticleIVofSection53.1210oftheCodeofVirginia,oncetheprisoner
hasarrivedinVirginiatostandtrial,thetrialshouldcommencewithin120days.As
14
reasonablecontinuancebeyondthis120daysmaybegrantedbythecourthaving
jurisdictionoverthematter,forgoodcause.
5. Oncompletionofthetrialandsentencing,theprosecutormustnotifyboththeinstitution
wheretheprisonerwaspreviouslyconfinedandtheStatesAgreementAdministratorof
thedispositionofthecase,andarrangeforthereturnoftheprisonerattheearliest
practicaltime.If,aftercompletingthesentencewithinthestatewhereheorshewas
originallyconfined,theprisonerhasanunfinishedsentenceinanotherstate,theprisoner
mustbeextraditedtocompletethesubsequentsentence.Thisisaccomplishedutilizing
theproceduresoutlinedelsewherewithinthismanual.
C. AntiShuttlingRequirements
Regardlessof whetherthedispositionofchargesisinitiatedbytheprisonerorbya
prosecutor,theIADcontainsantishuttlingprovisions.Theseprovisionsrequirethatoncea
prisonerisreturnedtoastatetostandtrial,theprisonermustbetriedonalloutstandingcharges
withinthatstateforwhichdetainershavebeenlodgedandthatthesetrialsmustcommence
withinthetimeconstraintsspecifiedwithintheprecedingsections.(SeeArticlesIIIandIVof
Sec.53.1210oftheCodeofVirginia.)Further,asspecifiedintheCode,Iftrialisnothadon
anyindictment,informationorcomplaintcontemplatedherebypriortotheprisonersbeing
returnedtotheoriginalplaceofimprisonment,suchindictment,informationorcomplaintshall
notbeofanyfurtherforceoreffect,andthecourtshallenteranorderdismissingthesamewith
prejudice(ArticleIII(d)seealsoArticleIV(e)).
D. FurtherConsiderations
AppropriatesectionsoftheCodeofVirginiashouldbeconsultedforanyIADrelatedcase.
(SeeAppendixCofthismanual.)Twootherresourcesarealsoavailable:theVirginiaAttorney
GeneralsAdministratorfortheInterstateAgreementonDetainers,andtheVirginiaDepartment
ofCorrectionsDetainerClerk.TheAdministrator(8047860046)can provideadditional
informationonlegalrequirements,andtheDetainerClerk(8046743165)canprovideguidance
ontheformsandprocessestobeusedindetainerproceedings.
15
PARTIII
ROLESANDRESPONSIBILITIES
16
CHAPTER6
THELAWENFORCEMENTOFFICER
Stateandlocallawenforcementofficersareinvolvedwithextraditioninatleasttwoways:1)
whenarrestingafugitivefromanotherstateand2)whenseekingthereturntoVirginiaofa
fugitivefoundinanotherstate.
A.ArrestingaFugitivefromAnotherState
Inarrestingafugitivefromanotherstatetheofficermustfirstdeterminethattheindividualin
questionis,infact,afugitive.(SeeSec.19.287oftheCodeofVirginia.)Thisistypicallydone
byreceiptofamessagefromtheNationalCrimeIntelligenceCenter(NCIC)or,lessoften,bya
telephonecall,telegram,orletterfromanofficialofthedemandingstate.Informationonthe
statusofthefugitivehastobeverifiedbeforetheactualarrestismadeinorder toavoidmaking
anarrestonpotentiallyoutdatedinformation.ThiscanbeaccomplishedthroughtheNCICor
through directcommunicationswiththeappropriateofficialinthejurisdictiondemandingthe
returnofthefugitive.
Fugitivesmaybeofavarietyoftypes,including:individualschargedwithacrimeinanother
statebyawarrantorindictmentindividualswhohaveescapedfromimprisonmentfollowinga
convictionaswellasindividualswhohaveviolatedbailrestrictions,probationorparole.In
someinstancesasuspectmaybearrestedevenbeforebeingofficiallychargedinademanding
state.Thistypicallyoccurswhenacrimehasbeencommittedinanotherstateandthesuspect
fleestoVirginiabeforeajudicialofficialinthestateoforiginhasbeenabletoissueawarrant.
Onceithasbeendeterminedthattheindividualinquestionis,infact,afugitive,a
determinationmustbemadewhethertoarrestwithorwithoutawarrant.(SeeSec.19.29919.2
100oftheCodeofVirginia.)Ingeneral,wheneverfeasible,awarrantshouldbe
obtained.Thisistypicallyaccomplishedbythelawenforcementofficialappearingbeforea
magistrate,outliningthereasonsforanarrest,andpresentingwhateversupportinginformation
maybeavailable(i.e.,NCICmessage,etc.).Themagistratewillweightheinformationpresented
andmakeadeterminationonwhetherornottoissueanarrestwarrant.Themagistratewillnot
becomeinvolvedwithissuesrelatedtoprobablecause.Rather,themagistratewillsimply
determinewhetherornottheindividualinvolvedisapropercandidateforextradition.(See
Chapter4,ExtraditableOffenses.)
Whenthefugitivehasyettobechargedwithacrimeinanotherstate,thelawenforcement
officermustbeabletoshowamagistrateprobablecausetobelievethattheindividualin
questioncommittedthecrime,inordertojustifytheissuanceofawarrant.Thelawenforcement
officermustrelyoninformationreceivedfromofficialsofthedemandingstateforthispurpose.
Onceawarranthasbeenissued,thearrestismadeinthesamemannerasiftheindividualhad
committedacrimeinVirginia.Thefugitiveisinformedofhisorherrightsandtoldthereasons
forhisorherarrestbytheofficer.Thefugitiveisthentakenbeforea
17
magistrate,whowilldecidewhetherornotbailisappropriate.Theofficerwillbetoldbythe
magistratetoeithertakethefugitivetojailortoreleasehimorheronbail.Bailmaybeallowed
bythecourt,exceptincaseswherethecrimeispunishablebydeathorlifeimprisonment.(See
Sec.19.2102oftheCodeofVirginia.)Theonlytimeawarrantisnotrequirediswhenthe
fugitivehasbeenofficiallychargedwithacrimeinthedemandingstatethatispunishableby
deathorimprisonmentformorethanoneyear.(SeeSec.19.2100oftheCode.)
Whenarrestedundersuchcircumstancestheaccusedmustbepresented"withall
practicalspeed"beforeajudge,magistrateorotherofficerofthecourtauthorizedtoissue
criminalwarrants,withthecomplaintbeingissuedagainstthesuspectunderoathsettingforth
thegroundsforthearrest.Aswillbediscussedinasubsequentsectionofthismanual,theofficer
ofthecourtwillhearthegroundsforthearrestandtheresponsebythesuspect.Moreover,since
theindividualwasarrestedwithoutawarrant,thejudgeormagistratewillmakeadetermination
ofwhetherornotthecrimeispunishablebydeathorimprisonmentformorethanoneyear
withinthedemandingstate.Asforanarrestwithawarrant,theofficerofthecourt,typicallya
magistratewillrenderanorderwhichgenerallyeithercommitsthesuspecttojailorreleaseshim
onbond.
Whetherthearrestismadewithorwithoutawarrant,thelawenforcementofficeris
responsibleforobtainingacopyofthearrestwarrantorindictmentchargingthefugitivewitha
crimeinthedemandingstate.Whenobtained,thisinformationshouldbeattachedtothearrest
warrantissuedinVirginia.
B.SeekingtheReturnofaFugitivetoVirginia
LocallawenforcementofficersplayamajorroleinseekingthereturnoffugitivestoVirginia.
WhileitistheCommonwealth'sAttorneywhoultimatelydecideswhetherornottoproceedwith
extradition,itisthelawenforcementofficialwhotypicallyinitiatestheprocessandwhosupplies
muchoftheinformationonwhichthedecisionisultimatelybased.
TheprocessofobtainingthereturnofafugitivefromVirginiawhorefusestowaive
extraditionwouldbeaccomplishedinthreedistinctbutinterrelatedsteps.First,sothatthe
Commonwealth'sAttorneycanbeproperlybriefedonthecase,theofficershould
undertakeacomprehensivereviewofallevidence.Specifically,theofficershouldreviewany
availableinvestigativereportsandaffidavits,determinethecurrentstatusofallwitnesses
(includinglevelsofrecallandpotentialchangesintestimony),and,ingeneral,ascertainwhether
ornotextraditionisappropriateandlikelytosucceed.Moreover, theofficershouldobtaincopies
ofthefugitive'scriminalrecord,ifany,andhavecopiesofsuchavailablewhenmeetingwiththe
Commonwealth'sAttorney.
Thesecondstepisfortheofficertoobtaincopiesoftheexistingchargingdocument(eitheran
indictmentoranarrestwarrant).Ifsuchdocumentsdonotexist,theofficershouldappearbefore
amagistrateandrelatethefactsofthecaseinordertoobtainanarrestwarrant.(SeeSec.19.299
oftheCodeofVirginia.)Inanycase,theofficershouldpossesseitheranarrestwarrantwithan
18
acceptableaffidavit(swornbeforeamagistrateorjudgeanddatednolaterthanthedateonthe
warrant),oracopyoftheappropriateindictmentforreviewwiththeCommonwealth'sAttorney.
Withtheinformationoutlinedaboveinhand,thelawenforcementofficialshouldmeetwith
theCommonwealth'sAttorneywhowillmaketheultimatedecisiononwhetherornottoproceed
withtheextradition.Atthismeetingitisimperativefortheofficertobeasforthrightaspossible
aboutanyandallfactorswhichmightimpacttheoutcomeofanyfuturecaseagainstthefugitive.
Theroleofthelawenforcementofficialmayconcludefollowingthisbriefing,ortheofficermay
berequestedbytheCommonwealth'sAttorneytoassistwiththepreparationofthenecessary
extraditionpapers,ortoserveasanagentforretrievalofthefugitive,oncetheextraditionhas
beenapproved.Asamatterofpolicy,onlyVirginialawenforcementofficersshallbeusedas
agentsfortheCommonwealthofVirginiainreturningafugitivetothisstate.Moreover,atleast
oneoftheofficerssenttoretrieveafugitiveshallbeofthesamesexasthefugitive.
19
CHAPTER7
THEMAGISTRATE
A. AnArrestwithaVirginiaWarrant
Themagistrateisinvolvedwiththeextraditionprocessinavarietyofways.Typically,the
magistratesinitialinvolvementcomesthrougharequestfromalawenforcementofficialseeking
anarrestwarrantforafugitive.Themagistratesresponsibilitiesinthisregardaretwofold:1)
heorsheneedstomakeadeterminationonwhetherornotsufficientgroundsexistforanarrest
and2)iftherearesufficientgrounds,themagistrateissuesthewarrantwiththerequired
affidavit.(SeeSec.19.299of theCodeofVirginia.)
Thegroundsonwhichawarrantcanbeissuedarefairlystraightforward.Asspecifiedinthe
CodeofVirginia,exceptunderhighlyunusualcircumstances(SeeSec.19.291),thewarrant
shouldbeissuedonlyiftheindividualinquestionhascommittedacrimeinanotherstateand
has:1)fledfromjustice,2)beenconvictedandescapedfromconfinementor3)broken
thetermsofhisbail,probation,orparole.(SeeSec.19.299)
Onceithasbeendeterminedthatsufficientgroundsexist,themagistratecompletesthe
requiredwarrantandaffidavit.Originalcopiesofthesedocumentsmustthenbeforwardedto
theClerkoftheDistrictCourt,togetherwithanyothermaterialsusedtodocumentthefactthat
theindividualinquestionisafugitive(i.e.,theNCICmessagesorothercommunicationsfrom
thedemandingstate).
TypicallytheofficerrequestingaVirginiawarrantwillnothavethearrestwarrantor
indictmentfromthedemandingstateinhisorherpossessionatthistime.Ifheorshedoesnot,
themagistrateshouldinstructtheofficertoobtainsuchandattachittotheclerksoriginal
warrantathisorherearliestconvenience.
Themagistratesnextinvolvementintheprocessiswhenthefugitiveisbroughtbeforehim
orherafterthearresthasbeenmade.Atthattimethemagistrate:1)informsthefugitiveofthe
chargesandhisorherlegalrightsunderthelawand2)determineswhetherornottoallowbail.
(SeeSec.19.2101 19.2103oftheCodeofVirginia.)
Bailcanbeallowedunlessthefugitivehasbeenchargedwithacrimeinthedemandingstate
whichispunishablebyeitherdeathorlifeimprisonment.AsrequiredbytheCode(Sec.19.2
10119.2103),bailshouldbewithsufficientsureties,andinsuchsumashedeemsproper,
conditioneduponthefugitivesappearancebeforeajudgeatatimespecifiedinsuchbond
(within30days)anduponsurrenderforarrestuponthewarrantoftheGovernorofthisState.If
aGovernorsWarranthasnotbeenissuedbythetimeoftherequiredcourtappearance,the
fugitivemaybedischargedbyajudgeorrecommittedforafurtherperiodnottoexceed60days.
(SeeSec.19.2103oftheCodeofVirginia.)
20
Whilethereisnorequirementtohaveanimmediatecourtappearanceforafugitivereleased
onbond,suchanappearanceisfrequentlywelladvised.Anearlyappearanceallowsthejudicial
officialto:1)reviewtheextraditionprocesswiththefugitive2)informthefugitiveofhisorher
righttocounselandappointcounselifnecessaryand3)evaluatetheadequacyofthebond.
Fugitivesoftenwaiveextraditionafterthisinitialappearancebeforeajudgeandaftertalking
withcounsel.
B. AnArrestonaGovernorsWarrant
WhenanarrestismadeonaGovernorsWarrant,itishandledinasomewhatsimilarmanner.
Insuchasituation,themagistrateinformsthefugitive:1)ofthechargeswithinthedemanding
state2)ofhisorherrightstocounselandtocommunicatewithfriendsand3)thattheGovernor
ofVirginiahasissuedawarrantforhisorherarrest.(SeeSec.19.292 19.295ortheCodeof
Virginia.)
Thefugitiveisthenplacedinjailandorderedtoreturntocourtattheearliestpossibledate.At
thecourtappearance,thefugitiveisinformedoftherightguaranteedunderSection19.295of
theCode toapplyforwritofhabeascorpus.OnceaGovernorsWarranthasbeenissued,itis
advisablethatthefugitivebeheldwithoutbeingreleasedonbail.
C.AnArrestwithoutaWarrant
Onsomeoccasionsanofficerisnotrequiredtoobtainawarrantpriortoanarrest.
Specifically,awarrantisnotrequiredifthefugitivehasbeenofficiallychargedwithacrimein
anotherstatethatispunishablebyeitherimprisonmentformorethanoneyearorbydeath.In
thesesituationsthefugitivemustbepresentedbeforethemagistratewithallpracticalspeed
followingthearrest.(SeeSec.19.2100oftheCodeofVirginia.)
Uponpresentationofafugitivesoarrested,themagistratehasresponsibilitiesinadditionto
thoseoutlinedwithintheprecedingsections.Mostimportantly,adeterminationmustbemade
onwhetherornottheofficerhadadequategroundsforthearrest.Anarrestwithouta warrant
canbemadeonlywhenthepersonhasbeenchargedwithacrimeinthedemandingstatethatis
punishablebydeathorimprisonmentformorethanoneyear.Tomakesuchadetermination,the
magistrateshouldplacetheofficerunderoathandquestionhimorheronthereasonsforthe
arrest.Themagistrateshouldalsocarefullyexamineanyinformationtheofficerhaswhichled
himorhertobelievetheindividualinquestionis,infact,afugitive.Thismightincludean
NCICmessage,atelegramorletterfromanofficerinthedemandingstate,oracopyofthe
demandingstateswarrantorindictment.Basedupontheofficerstestimonyandwritten
materialpresented,themagistratemakesadeterminationonwhetherornotthepersonarrestedis
orisnottheindividualchargedinthedemandingstate,andwhetherornotthereweresufficient
groundsforthearrest.Themagistratedeterminesonlywhetherornotthepersonhasbeen
charged.Nodeterminationismaderelatedtotheprobablecauseforthecharge.
21
Oncethemagistratedeterminesthatanarrestwithoutawarrantwasappropriate,heorshe
issuesawarranttogetherwithrequiredaffidavit.Onceawarranthasbeenissued,themagistrate
followsstepssimilartothoseindicatedintheprecedingsection.
D.AnArrestbeforetheFugitivehasbeenChargedintheDemandingState
Onextremelyrareoccasionsitmaybenecessarytoarrestafugitivebeforeheorshehasbeen
formallychargedinthedemandingstate.Thistypicallyoccurswhenanindividualcommitsa
crimeinaneighboringstateandfleesacrossVirginiasborder.Lawenforcementofficialsin
Virginiamay,undersuchcircumstances,beaskedtoarrestthesuspectbeforeanappropriate
officialinthedemandingstatecanbelocatedtoissueanarrestwarrant.
AVirginiaarrestwarrantmustbeobtainedbytheVirginialawenforcementofficerbefore
makinganarrestunderthesecircumstances.Amagistratetypicallyissuesthiswarrant.In
issuingthewarrant,themagistratefollowsthesameproceduresaswouldbefollowedin
chargingaVirginiaresidentwithacrime.Specifically,themagistrateplacesthelaw
enforcementofficerunderoath,questionshimorheronthefactsinthecase,anddetermines
whetherornot thereisprobablecausetobelievethattheindividualinquestioncommittedthe
crime.Themerewordofalawenforcementofficialfromthedemandingstatethattheindividual
committedthecrimeisinsufficientinthiscircumstance.Rather,themagistratemustbeprovided
withenoughdetailtodetermineprobablecause.
Onceprobablecausehasbeendetermined,themagistratewillissuetherequiredarrest
warrant.Inthewarrantthemagistratewillindicatethatthecrimewascommittedagainstthe
lawsofanotherstateanddetailthenameofthecrimeinquestion.Itisnotnecessaryforthe
magistratetooutlinetheelementsoftheoffenseinthewarrant.
22
CHAPTER8
THECLERKOFTHECOURT
Theclerkofthecourtplaysamajorroleintheschedulingofhearingdatesandcourt
appearances,thehandlingofofficialextraditionpapers,andinthecertificationofofficials
involvedintheextraditionprocess.Likemostactorsintheextraditionprocess,thenatureofthe
roleplayedbytheclerkinanyspecificextraditionrequestdependsuponthecircumstancesofthe
case,andparticularlywhetherVirginiaistheasylumorthedemandingstate.
A. TheClerksRoleWhenVirginiaistheAsylumState
AftertheArrest
WhenVirginiaistheasylumstate,theclerkbecomesinvolvedwiththeextraditioncase
immediatelyafterthearrestofafugitive,whenheorsheistakenbeforethemagistrate.The
clerk'sroleatthistimeistwofold:1)when thefugitivespapersareavailable,adocketnumberis
assignedand2)theclerkschedulesanappearancebeforeajudgeatthefirstpossiblecourt
session.
Anearlyappearancebeforeajudgeiscrucialforseveralreasons.Itallowsthejudgeto
outlinethechargesagainstthefugitive,explaintheextraditionprocess,reviewthelevelofbail
setbythemagistrate(ifany),anddeterminewhetherornotthefugitiveiswillingtowaive
extradition.
WhenExtraditionisWaived
Ifthefugitivewaivesextradition(Sec.19.2114oftheCodeofVirginia),thewaiveris
acceptedbythejudgeandgiventotheclerkofthecourtforproperprocessing.Theoriginal
waiverissenttotheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthsoffice.Acopyofthewaiverisplacedin
thefugitivescasefile,withanadditionalcopybeingsenttothejailwherethefugitiveisbeing
held.Thelattercopyisfortransmittaltotheofficerfromthedemandingstatewhenheorshe
takescustodyofthefugitive.
Theclerkofthecourtisalsoresponsibleforensuringthatthecasefileiscomplete.In
additiontothewaiver,thisfileshouldincludecopiesofallcorrespondencerelatedtothe
fugitive.
WhentheFugitiveDoesNotWaiveExtradition
Whenextraditionisnotwaived,asomewhatdifferentprocessisemployed. Adocketnumber
andinitialhearingdatearestillassigned.Ifextraditionisnotwaivedattheinitialhearing,
however,thejudgewillfrequentlyruleonindigencean,ifnecessary,assignanattorneyto
representthefugitive.Ifanattorneyisappointed,heorsheshouldbeprovidedwith:1)acopy
oftheappointment2)acopyoftheformrefusingtowaiveextradition3)acopyofthearrest
warrantand4)notificationofthenextcourtdate.
23
Typicallythejudgewillcontinuethecasefor30daysfollowingtheinitialcourtappearance,
withthedefendantbeingorderedtoreturntocourtatthattime.IntheabsenceofaGovernors
Warrantbeingissued,thecasemayagainbecontinued.Ifnourgencyisbeingshownbythe
demandingstateforcarryingoutaformalextradition,thejudgemaydecidetoreleasethe
fugitive.Inanycase,theclerkofthecourtshould,followingthecourtdate,recordthe
appropriateinformationoneitherthecommitmentpaperorreleaseform.
WhenaGovernorsWarrantisissued,ifthefugitiveisnotincarcerated,thewarrantisgiven
toanofficertotakethefugitiveintocustody.Thefugitiveisscheduledbytheclerkofthecourt
forthenextcourtsession.Atthatsessionthejudgewillinformthefugitiveoftherighttoapply
forawritofhabeascorpus,andthroughacontinuance,givehimorhersufficienttimetomakea
decisioninthisregard.Ifthefugitivedoesnotmakeapplicationwithinthegiventimeframe,the
judgewilltypicallyorderhimturnedovertoanagentfromthedemandingstate.
Ifawritofhabeascorpusisappliedfor,thefugitivesdocketfileisforwardedtotheclerkof
thecircuitcourt.Thecasethenbecomesapendingcourtcasetobesetforhearingbythe
CommonwealthsAttorney.
ThefinaldutyoftheclerkofthecourtwhenVirginiaistheasylumstateistoplaceacopyof
theGovernor'sWarrantintheCircuitCourtfile.Thisisthecasewhetherthefugitiveisreleased
withorwithoutahabeascorpushearing.
B. TheClerkoftheCourtsRoleWhenVirginiaistheDemandingState
TheroleoftheclerkofthecourtismuchlessextensivewhenVirginiaisthedemandingstate
inanextraditionproceeding.Herethebasicroleoftheclerkisthatofacertifyingofficer.
Specifically,whentheCommonwealthsAttorneysubmitsarequestforextraditiontothe
Governor,acopyofthearrestwarrantorindictmentmustbeincludedwithit.Thiscopymustbe
certifiedbyeithertheofficialwhoissuedit, ortheclerkofthecourtwhoholdstheoriginal.
Theclerkofthecourtalsocertifiesotherofficialswhocertifydocumentsrelatedtoany
particularextraditioncase.ThesemayincludetheCommonwealthsAttorney,themagistrate,or
thejudge.Likewise,theclerkofthecourtshouldbecertifiedbyajudgethatheorsheis,infact,
theclerkofthecourt.
24
CHAPTER9
THECOMMONWEALTHSATTORNEY
A. WhenVirginiaistheAsylumState
PriortotheIssuanceofaGovernorsWarrant
Whenafugitiveisfirstarrested,heorsheistypicallytakenbeforeamagistratewhoinforms
himorherofthecharges,explainshisorherrightsunderthelaw,andmakesadeterminationon
whetherornotbailwillbeallowed.(SeeSec.19.210119.2103oftheCodeofVirginia.)Bail
canbeallowedunlessthefugitivehasbeenchargedwithacrimeinthedemandingstatewhichis
punishablebyeitherdeathorlifeimprisonment. Typically,themagistratewillthenschedulean
appearanceindistrictcourtattheearliestsessionpossible,althoughthefugitivecanbereleased
forupto30daysonbail,beforeseeingajudge.
Attheinitialappearanceindistrictcourtseveralthingswilloccur.Thejudgewillinformthe
fugitiveofthecharges,makesurethatheorshehascopiesofboththearrestwarrantandthe
magistratesorder,reviewbail,andappointanattorneyifdeemednecessary.Thejudgewillalso
determineifthefugitiveiswillingtowaiveextradition.Ifheorsheis,thefugitivecanthen be
releasedtoanauthorizedagentfromthedemandingstate.Ifthefugitiverefusestowaive
extradition,thedistrictcourtjudgewilleitherallowthefugitivetocontinueonbondedreleaseor
requirecontinuedconfinementforaperiodofupto30daysfrominitialarrest,awaitingthe
issuanceofaGovernorsWarrant.
WhenaFugitiveSeeksaWritofHabeasCorpus
Ifthefugitiveseeksawritofhabeascorpus,theCommonwealthsAttorneywillbenotifiedby
theclerkofthecourt,andwillrepresenttheCommonwealthatthehearingincircuitcourt.(See
Sec.19.295oftheCodeofVirginia.)Fourissuesareopenfordiscussionatthishearing:
Thatthedemandforextraditionwaspursuedaccordingtoproperform
Theidentityofthefugitive
Whethertheindividualbeingextraditedisafugitivefromthedemandingstateand
Whetherthedefendanthasbeenproperlychargedwithacrime.
Avarietyofdocumentsarefrequentlynecessarytodemonstratethattheextraditionwasmade
inproperform. Thesetypicallyincludecopiesoftheindictmentorarrestwarrant,togetherwith
supportingaffidavits,usedtochargethedefendantinthedemandingstate.Wheretheindividual
beingextraditedhasescapedfromimprisonment,orbrokenthetermsofbail,probationor
parole,thedemandingstateshouldprovidecopiesofthejudgementofconviction,togetherwith
astatementoutliningthattheindividualescapedorviolatedbail,probationorparole.
Issuesrelatedtothefugitivesidentitycanfrequentlybeeasilyhandledwhenaphotographor
fingerprintsaccompanytheextraditionpapers.Awitnessforthedemandingstatemayalsobe
helpfultodocumentthattheindividualbeingextradited,is,infact,thefugitive.Problems
relatedtotheidentityofthefugitivearelessenedsomewhatbythefactthatitisthedefendant,
25
ratherthanthestate,thathastheburdenofproofinthissituation.Thatis,thedefendantmustbe
abletodemonstratethatheorsheisnotthefugitive.
Aswiththeissueofidentity,oncethedefendantisidentifiedintheGovernorsWarrantasa
fugitivefromthedemandingstate,theburdenshiftstothedefendanttoshowotherwise.Thus,
theissueofwhetherornotthedefendantisafugitivefromthedemandingstateisnotasdifficult
asmightbeimagined.Generallythedefendantwillnotprevailinthissituationunlesshisorher
presencewasrequiredforthecommissionofthecrime,andheorshecandemonstrateapresence
elsewhereatthetimeitwascommitted.
Theonlyotherwaythedefendantcangainreleasethroughhabeascorpusisbydemonstrating
thathisorheracts,accordingtorelevantstatutesofthestateinquestion,donotconstitutea
crime.Again,theburdenisonthedefendanttorefute theallegationsintheGovernorsWarrant.
Itisnotappropriateinthissituationtoconsiderguiltorinnocence,motivesofthedemanding
state,constitutionalissuesrelatedtotheabilityofthedefendanttoreceiveafairtrialinthe
demandingstate,etc.Theonlyotherjustificationthatmightapplywouldbethedefendants
abilitytoshowgreatlikelihoodofbeingsubjecttocruelandunusualpunishmentinthe
demandingstate.
IfVirginiahasChargedtheFugitive
Theextraditionprocessiscomplicatedsomewhatwhenthefugitiveisalsochargedwitha
crimeintheCommonwealth.TheGovernormaydelayextraditioninthissituation.(SeeSec.
19.2115oftheCodeofVirginia.)ItisincumbentontheCommonwealthsAttorneyforthe
jurisdictionwherethefugitiveisbeingheldtonotifytheGovernorthatachargeispending
beforeaGovernorsWarrantisissued.
B. WhenVirginiaistheDemandingState
WhenVirginiaisthedemandingstate,theCommonwealthsAttorneyhasthreemajor
responsibilities:1)toevaluateeachcasetodeterminewhethertheCommonwealthshouldseek
extradition2)topreparethenecessaryextraditionpapersand3)toidentifytheagentstobesent
totheasylumstatetoretrievethefugitive.
DeterminingiftheFugitiveShouldbeExtradited
Avarietyoffactorsmustbeconsideredindeterminingwhetherornotitisappropriatetoseek
theextraditionofafugitive.Thesefactorsinclude:
Thenatureoftheoffense
Theseriousnessofthecrime
Potentialchallengesagainstevidenceormethodsofinvestigation
Previousconvictions
Thelikelihoodofthecommissionofadditionalcrimesbythefugitive
Thepotentiallengthandimpactofimprisonmentonthefugitive
ThelikelihoodthattheextraditionwouldbegrantedbytheGovernoroftheasylum
stateand
Thepotentiallossofthedeterrenteffectonothers,ifthefugitiveisnotextradited.
26
PreparingtheExtraditionPapers
ThepaperworkforanextraditionispreparedintheofficeoftheCommonwealthsAttorney,
typicallybyanAssistantCommonwealthsAttorneyoradministrativeassistant.Frequentlythe
lawenforcementofficerwhobroughtthecasetotheattentionoftheCommonwealths
Attorneysofficewillalsoassist.
Avarietyofdocumentsarerequiredtofacilitatethisprocess.(SeeSec.19.287oftheCode
ofVirginia.)
Copiesofanindictmentorarrestwarrant Ifanindictmenthasbeenissued,itshouldbeused.
Ifneithertheindictmentnorwarrantisavailable,itisincumbentupontheCommonwealths
Attorneytohaveoneissued.Regardlessofwhichisused,thedocumentshouldbecarefully
reviewedtoensurethatitproperlychargestheoffenseandcitesthestatutesviolated.Ifan
indictmentisuseditmustbesignedbytheforeman.
Affidavit(s) Anaffidavit,generallyfromeitherthevictimortheinvestigatingofficer,must
accompanythearrestwarrant.Thisdocumentshouldcontainsufficientdetailtoestablish
probablecauseforissuanceofthewarrant,andshouldbeswornbeforeeitheramagistrateora
judge.Thedateontheaffidavitshouldbethesameorearlierthanthatonthearrestwarrantso
thatitcanbedemonstratedthattheaffidavitwasthebasisonwhichthewarrantwasissued.If
thisisnotthecase,anewwarrantshouldbeissued.Typically,anaffidavitisnotnecessary
whenanindictmentisthechargingdocument,althoughsomestatesprefertohaveitincluded.
Theapplicationforarequisition Thisformmustinclude:
Thefugitivesfullnameandaliases,properlyspelled
Astatementthat,intheopinionoftheCommonwealthsAttorney,thefugitivemust
bereturnedsothattheendsofpublicjusticeareserved
Astatementconfirmingthatsufficientinformationexiststoconvictthefugitive
InformationontheagentswhowillreturnthefugitivetoVirginia,includingtheirfull
namesandtitles,aswellasastatementindicatingthattheyareproperpersonsand
havenointerestinthearrestorconvictionoffugitive
Astatementrelatedtoanypreviousapplicationforrequisitionindicatingappropriate
datesandthereasonsforthecurrentrequest
Astatementrelatedtothecurrentstatusofthefugitive,togetherwiththesourceof
thatinformation
Astatementthattheextraditionisnotbeingsoughtforthepurposesofcollectionofa
debtorforanyprivatepurpose,andthatiftherequestishonoredtheproceedingswill
notbeusedforsuchpurposes
Adetailedstatementrelatedtothecrime,includingthestatutesviolated,andthetime,
dateandplacethecrimetookplace
AstatementthatthefugitivewasinVirginiawhenthecrimewascommittedorthat
thepersoncommittedanactinanotherstatethatresultedinaVirginiacrimeand
27
Anexplanationwhytherewasadelayinmakingapplicationforrequisition,ifforany
reasontherehasbeenone.
Copiesofthestatutethefugitiveischargedwithviolating
Informationforidentificationofthefugitive Whenavailable,thisinformationshould
includefingerprints,aphotographand/oraphysicaldescriptionofthefugitive.Ifaphotois
included,itshouldbesupplementedwithanaffidavitindicatingthatthepersonshownisthe
individualchargedwiththecrime.
Certifications Documentsrelatedtotheextraditionprocesssuchaswarrantsandaffidavits
mustbecertifiedbytheindividualissuingthem(themagistrateorjudge).Theclerkofthecourt
maycertifycopieswhenheorsheistheholderoftheoriginal.Moreover,individualswho
withintheirofficialcapacitiesissuesuchdocumentsmustbecertifiedastotheirofficial
positions.Thisisaccomplishedthroughatriplecertificationprocedure.Whenamagistrateor
judgecertifiesadocument,theclerkofthecourtisthencertifiedbythejudgeofthecircuitcourt.
Thentheclerkmustcertifytheofficialpositionofthejudgewhocertifiedtheclerk.Finally,the
clerkofthecourtmustcertifytheCommonwealthsAttorneywhosubmitstheapplication.Ifthe
caseoriginatesin thedistrictcourt,thecertificationisrequiredinboththedistrictandthecircuit
court.
IdentifyingtheAgentstoRetrievetheFugitive
ThefinalareaofinvolvementofCommonwealthsAttorneysisintheidentificationofagents
togototheasylumstatetoretrievethefugitiveafterextraditionhasbeenapprovedorwaived.
(SeeSec.19.2108oftheCodeofVirginia.)Assuggestedwithintheprevioussectionofthis
manual,thenamesandtitlesofsuchindividuals,togetherwithastatementthattheyareproper
personsandhavenoprivateinterestineitherthearrestorconvictionofthefugitive,mustbe
includedwithintheapplicationforrequisition.
Innamingtheagents,theCommonwealthsAttorneyshouldtakeanumberoffactorsinto
consideration.First,asamatterofpolicy,onlyVirginialawenforcementofficersshallbeused
asagentsfortheCommonwealthofVirginiainreturningafugitivetothisstate.Second,atleast
oneoftheofficerssenttoretrievethefugitiveshallbeofthesamesexasthefugitive.Finally,
otherfactorsbeingequal,itisalwaysbesttohavetheinvestigatingofficeror lawenforcement
officerfamiliarwiththecasenamedasanagent.
28
CHAPTER10
JUDGESOFTHEDISTRICTANDCIRCUITCOURTS
Judgesofthedistrictandcircuitcourtshavemajorrolesintheextraditionprocesswhen
Virginiaisthestateofasylumforafugitive.Thedistrictcourtjudge,inparticular,hasmajor
responsibilitiesfor:informingfugitivesoftheirrightssettingand/orreviewingbaildetermining
theneedforand,whereappropriate,appointingcounselevaluatingthelegalissuesassociated
witheacharrestetc.Beingofahighercourt,thecircuitcourtjudgeislegallyempoweredand
mayuponoccasionbecomeinvolvedwithextraditioninsimilarways.Moretypically,however,
heorshewillbecomeinvolvedonlyafterthefugitiveappliesforawritofhabeascorpus.
A. TheRoleoftheDistrictCourtJudge
Thedistrictcourtjudgegenerallybecomesinvolvedwiththeextraditionprocessafterthe
fugitivehasalreadybeenarrested,althoughonrareoccasionsheorshemaybeaskedtoissuean
arrestwarrant.Inthetypicalcase,thefugitivewillhavealreadyappearedbeforeamagistrate
who,asoutlinedinaprecedingsection,determinesifthereweresufficientgroundsforanarrest,
informsthefugitiveofthechargesagainsthimorher,determineswhetherornottoallowbail,
andordersthefugitivetoappearincourtonthenextavailablecourtday.(See Sec.19.2101of
theCodeofVirginia.)
Atthefirstappearanceindistrictcourt,thejudgewilltypicallyusetheappearanceforfive
purposes:
1) Toinformthefugitiveofthechargesagainsthim
2) Toconfirmthatthefugitivehasacopyofthearrestwarrantormagistratesorder
3) Todetermineifthelevelofbailsetbythemagistrate,ifany,wasappropriate
4) Toevaluatetheneedtoappointcounselforthefugitive,andtoappointsuch,if
necessaryand
5) Toprovidethefugitivewiththeopportunity ofwaivingextradition.
Oncethesetasksareaccomplished,thefugitiveiseitherreturnedtojailorreleasedonbail.In
eithercase,unlessthefugitivewaivesextradition,heorsheistypicallyorderedbythejudgeto
returntodistrictcourtonaspecifieddatewithin30days,withastipulationthatheorshemaybe
requiredtoreturnsoonerintheeventthataGovernorsWarrantisissued.
Atthenextappearanceincourt,thedistrictcourtjudgewillmakeadeterminationonwhether
or notaGovernorsWarranthasbeenissued.Ifithasnotbeenissued,bondmaybecontinued
orthefugitivemaybereconfinedtojailforuptoanadditional60daysawaitingtheissuanceof
such.Inanycase,beforereconfinementofthefugitiveitisusefultodeterminefromeitherthe
Commonwealth'sAttorneyortheappropriatelawenforcementofficerwhetherthedemanding
stateisdiligentlypursuingextradition.Ifitisnot,itmaybeappropriatetoreleasethefugitiveat
thistime.
29
WhentheGovernorsWarrantisIssued
OncetheGovernorsWarranthasbeenissued,theCodeofVirginiarequiresthatthefugitive
appearbeforeajudgepriortobeingturnedovertotheagentofthedemandingstate(Sec.19.2
95).Atthiscourtappearancethejudgemust,asspecifiedintheCode,informthefugitiveofthe
demandmadeforhissurrenderandofthecrimewithwhichheischarged,thathehasthe
righttodemandandprocurelegalcounselandiftheprisonerorhiscounselshallstatethatheor
theydesiretotestthelegalityofhisarrest,thejudgeortrialjusticeshallfixareasonabletimeto
beallowedhimwithinwhichtoapplyforawritofhabeascorpus.
Thefugitiveshouldbehelduntiltheexpirationofthetimelimitforapplyingforthewritof
habeascorpus.Assoonasthetimelimithasbeenreached,thefugitivemaybeturnedoverto
theagentfromthedemandingstate.OncetheGovernorsWarranthasbeenissued,itis
recommendedthatbailnotbeallowed.
WhenExtraditionisWaived
Thefugitivemaywaiveextraditionandbedeliveredtoanagentfromthedemandingstateat
anytimefollowinghisorherinitialarrest.(SeeSec.19.2114oftheCodeofVirginia.)Towaive
extradition,thefugitivemustappearbeforeajudgeandstate,inwriting,thatheorsheconsents
tobeingreturnedtothedemandingstate.Atthisappearanceandbeforethewaiverisactually
signed,thejudgemustinformthefugitivethatheorshehastherighttorefusetowaive
extradition,andthatifaGovernorsWarrantisissued,awritofhabeascorpusmaybeapplied
for.
Oncethewaiverofextraditionissigned,theoriginalisforwardedtotheGovernors
ExtraditionSpecialistintheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthsOfficeandacopyisgiventothe
agentfromthedemandingstate.Thejudgethenordersthefugitivereleasedtotheagentorheld
injailuntiltheagentarrives.
B. TheRoleoftheCircuitCourtJudge
Assuggestedatthebeginningofthischapter,thecircuitcourtjudgepossessesallthelegal
powersofthedistrictcourtjudgeandmay,whencircumstancesdictate,assumemanyofthe
sameresponsibilitiesoutlinedabove.Moretypically,however,thecircuitcourtjudgedoesnot
becomeinvolvedinextraditionproceduresunlessaGovernorsWarrantisissuedandthe
fugitivechoosestoapplyforawritofhabeascorpus(Sec.19.295oftheCodeofVirginia).The
hearingonthewritofhabeascorpusislimitedtodiscussingfourmajorissues:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Thatthedemandforextraditionwaspursuedaccordingtoproperform
Theidentityofthefugitive
Whethertheindividualbeingextraditedisafugitivefromthedemandingstateand
Whethertheindividualsubjecttoextraditionhasbeenproperlychargedwithacrime.
DeterminingiftheExtraditionwasPursuedaccordingtoProperForm
30
Thecircuitcourtjudgemustexamineanumberofitemstodeterminethattheextraditionhas
beenmadeinproperform.Paramountonthislistofitemsistheindictmentorarrestwarrant,
togetherwithsupportingaffidavitsusedtochargethedefendantinthedemandingstate.The
indictment,information,orarrestwarrantandsupportingaffidavitmustbothchargethefugitive
beingextraditedwithacrimeinthedemandingstate,andbeauthenticatedbythatstates
governor.Wheretheindividualbeingextraditedhasescapedfromimprisonmentorbrokenthe
termsofbail,probationorparole,acopyofthedemandingstatesjudgementofconviction,
togetherwitastatementoutliningthattheindividualescapedorviolatedbail,probationorparole
shouldbeincludedwiththeextraditionpapers.Chargesarenotinvalidatedbyminorwording
defects,noristhereanyspecificformbywhichthegovernorofthedemandingstate
authenticatesthechargingdocuments.
AlthoughVirginiahasnocaselawonpoint,otherjurisdictionshaveheldthatissuanceofthe
GovernorsRenditionWarrantisconclusiveofthequestionwhethertheotherstatesRequisition
Warrantisinproperform.
DeterminingIdentity
Issuesrelatedtotheidentityofthefugitivecanfrequentlybeeasilymanagedwhena
photographorfingerprintsaccompanytheextraditionpapers.Awitnessfromthedemanding
statemayalsobehelpfultodocumentthattheindividualbeingextraditedis,infact,thefugitive.
Problemsrelatedtotheidentityofthefugitivearelessenedsomewhatbythefactthatitisthe
defendant,ratherthanthestate,whichhastheburdenofproofinthissituation.Thatis,the
defendantmustbeabletodemonstratethatheisnot thefugitive.
DeterminingFugitiveStatus
Aswiththeissueofidentity,oncethedefendantisidentifiedintheGovernorsWarrantasa
fugitivefromthedemandingstate,theburdenshiftstohimorhertoshowotherwise.Thus,the
issueoffugitivestatusisnotasdifficultasmightbeimagined.Generallyinthissituationthe
defendantmustprovethathisorherpresencewasrequiredforthecommissionofthecrimein
thedemandingstate,andthatheorshewaselsewhereatthetimeofitscommission.Reasonsfor
thedefendantleavingthestateareirrelevant.
TheCorrectnessoftheCharge
Theonlyotherjustificationforgainingreleasethroughhabeascorpusisbydemonstratingthat
hisorheracts,accordingtorelevantstatutesofthestateinquestion,donotconstituteacrime.
Again,theburdenisonthedefendanttorefutetheallegationintheGovernorsWarrant.Itisnot
appropriateinthissituationtoconsiderguiltorinnocenceofthefugitive,motivesofthe
demandingstate,constitutionalissuesrelatedtotheabilityofthedefendanttoreceiveafairtrial
inthedemandingstate,prisonconditions,etc.Infact,theonlyotherjustificationthatmight
applywouldbethedefendantsabilitytoshowgreatlikelihoodofbeingsubjecttocrueland
unusualpunishmentinthedemandingstate.
31
Ajudgementdenyinghabeascorpusisafinaljudgementofthecircuitcourt,forwhichthe
defendantmayappealtotheVirginiaSupremeCourt.EitheraCircuitCourtJudgeoraSupreme
CourtJusticemayissueastaytoallowtheSupremeCourttoheartheappeal.TheStatealsohas
therighttoappealtotheSupremeCourtwhenajudgementismadegranthabeascorpus.
32
PARTIV
CASESREQUIRING SPECIAL
CONSIDERATION
33
CHAPTER11
EXTRADITIONOFJUVENILES
ThereisnoclearauthorityinVirginiaregardingtheextraditionofjuvenileoffenders.
Althoughthereisastatutorybasisforreasoningthatjuvenilesmaybeextraditedinthesame
mannerasadults,thereisnoVirginiacaselawapplyinganystatutoryprovisionsinjuveniles.In
jurisdictionsthathaveconfrontedtheissueofjuvenileextraditionofminors,andtherefore
judicialauthoritiesconcedethatjuvenilesmaybeextraditedinthesamemannerasadults.
A. SourcesofInformation
1.
TheUniformCriminalExtraditionAct(UCEA)(Sec.19.284through19.2118). The
UCEAprovidesthattheGovernorshallhaveanypartychargedwithspecificcrimesinastate
arrestedandreturned.However, theCodeofVirginia(1950)asamendedalsoprovidesthat
juvenileanddomesticrelationscourtsshallhaveoriginalandexclusivejurisdictioninallcases
whereachildisallegedtobeabused,neglected,inneedofservicesordelinquent(Sec.16.1
241).Becausejurisdictionforjuvenileoffensesisintheoriginalandexclusivejurisdictionofthe
juvenilecourts,noindictmentispermittedforajuvenileoffenderpriortohisarrest.Thusitis
questionablewhetheranunindictedjuvenilesuspectissubjecttotheprovisionsoftheUCEA.
AnotherareainwhichtheapplicationoftheUCEAislessthanclearrelatestoactsof
delinquency.TheCode(Sec.16.1228)providesthatadelinquentchildisonewhohas
committedadelinquentact.Adelinquentactisanactdesignatedacrimeunderthelaw
exceptwithregardtothoseactsthatareonlyunlawfulifcommittedbyachild.TheUCEA
appliestofeloniesorothercrimes.ThereisnorulinginVirginiastatingthatadelinquentact
qualifiesundertheUCEAasafelonyorothercrime.
2.
TheUniformInterstateCompactonJuveniles(UICJ)(Sec.16.1323through16.1
330). TheUICJappliestorunawaysandtojuvenileswhohaveescapedorabscondedfroma
stateafterhavingbeenadjudgeddelinquent.Italsoprovidesforyouthsallegedtobedelinquent
whoareabscondersfromjustice.Theseyouthsmaybereturnedthroughthejuvenilerequisition
processassetforthinSections16.1323through16.1330, CodeofVirginia (1950)asamended.
B.Guidance
ThereisnoclearauthorityinVirginiafortheextraditionofjuveniles.Instead,ifajuvenile
offenseisseriousenoughtowarrantextradition,thejuvenilemaybereturnedunderthe
provisionsofthejuvenilerequisitionprocess.ContacttheInterstateCompactSpecialist,Virginia
DepartmentofYouthServices(8046743385)forhelpwiththeformsandproceduresina
juvenilerequisitionprocess.
34
CHAPTER12
OTHERCASESREQUIRINGSPECIALCONSIDERATION
Thereareavarietyofothercaseswheresomevariationsinextraditionproceduresare
required.Thesesituationsarediscussedbelow.
A.WaiverofExtraditionbyParolees
Accordingtosomecourts,undertheUCEA,aprereleaseagreementbyaparoleetowaive
extraditionisvalidandwillallowtheasylumstatetoreturntheparoleetothedemandingstate
withouttheformalitiesofextradition.Thisistrueeventhoughtheparoleeisnotintheasylum
statebyreasonoftheUniformActforOutofStateParoleeSupervision(UAOPS)and
regardlessofthefactthatextraditionproceedingsarepending.Absentcoercionoftheparolee,
theexecutionofawaiverasaconditionofprobationdoesnotrenderthewaiverinvoluntary.
WhentheparoleeisintheasylumstatebyreasonoftheUAOPS,awaiverofextraditionis
notrequired.Allstatesagreethattheparoleecanbereturnedwithoutthedemandingstate
extraditinghimorher,andtheparoleedoesnotgettochoosewhetherheorsheisextraditedoris
returnedunderthesummaryproceedingsoftheUAOPS.
Inmoststates,iftheparoleehassignedawaiverofextraditionheorsheneednotbe
extraditedevenifnotintheasylumstatebyreasonoftheUAOPS.Itisrecommendedthata
Virginiacourtvalidatethewaiverbeforecustody istransferredtotheagentsofthedemanding
state.
TheUAOPShasbeenheldtobeconstitutional,independentoftheUniformCriminal
ExtraditionAct(UCEA),becauseextraditionisnotexclusive.Theasylumstatemayrequirethe
governortosurrenderthefugitiveontermsmoreexactingthanthoseimposedbyanActof
Congress.Theextraditionprovisionsdonotoperateforthebenefitofthefugitivetheparolee
hasnorighttochoosebywhichmeanshewillbereturned.Theprevalentcaselawdoesnotseem
tomakeanydistinctionbetweenparoleesandprobationers.Botharetreatedthesameway,and
theUAOPScoversboth.
B. FugitiveEscapedFromCustodyorViolatedBail,ProbationorParole
DifferentextraditiondocumentsareneededwhenthefugitivehasbeenconvictedinVirginia
andescapedfromcustodyorleftthestateinviolationoftheconditionsofhisbail,paroleor
probation.(SeeSec.19.2110of CodeofVirginia.)TheCommonwealthsAttorney orthesheriff
ifthepersonwasinjailawaitingtransfertotheDepartmentofCorrectionsorwasoutofjail
pendingappeal,shouldpreparetheapplication.IfthefugitiveescapedfromtheDepartmentof
Correctionscustody,theapplicationshouldbemadebytheDirectoroftheDepartmentof
Corrections,ortheappropriateCommonwealthsAttorney.ForafugitivewholeftVirginiain
35
violationofconditionsofbail,probationorparole,theapplicationshouldbemadebythe
CommonwealthsAttorneyforthecityorcountywherethefugitiveviolatedthoseconditions.
Theapplicationforrequisitionshouldbeaccompaniedbythefollowingitems:
Theindictment(orthearrestwarrant,ifthefugitivewastriedonawarrant).
Thejudgmentofconvictionandsentenceonwhichthepersonwasbeingheldwhenthe
escapeoccurred,orthedocumentconveyingthetermsofbailment.
Anaffidavitreportinghowtheescapeoccurredfromtheofficerfromwhosecustodythe
personescaped.
Anyrecordoftheescape,includingphotographsandfingerprints.
Theclerkof thecourtpossessingtheoriginalsofthesedocumentsmustcertifytheauthenticityof
theindictment(orwarrant),thejudgmentofconvictionandsentence.Theclerkofthecourt
shouldalsocertifytheofficialpositionofthepersonwhomadetheaffidavitthatdescribesthe
fugitivesescape.Theclerkofthecourtsofficialpositionmustbecertifiedbyajudgeandthe
judgesofficialpositionmustbecertifiedbytheclerkofthecourt.
C.UnitedStatesMilitaryPersonnel
Anapplicationfor theextraditionofsomeoneonactivedutywiththeU.S.armedservices
mustbeaccompaniedbyanagreementfromtheappropriaterequestingauthoritiesthatthe
followingwillbeaccomplished:
Thefugitivescommandingofficerwillbeinformedoftheoutcomeofthefugitivestrial
Ifdesiredbymilitaryauthorities,thefugitivewillbereturnedtomilitary
authoritiesattheplacewhereheorshewastakenintocustody,ortakento
thenearestreceivingship,stationorbarracksifacquitted,oronthecompletion
Of sentence.
IfthecrimeisafelonyandtherequisitionismadethroughtheGovernorsOffice,this
agreementwillbepreparedbytheGovernorsOffice.Ifthecrimeismisdemeanor,the
appropriateCommonwealthsAttorneyorotherofficialapplyingfortherequisitionshould
preparetheagreement.Regardless,theagreementshouldbeinletterformandsenttothe
Secretaryoftheappropriatebranchoftheservice.
D.NativeAmericans
InIndianaffairs,therearetwoseparatechainsofauthority:oneconsistsofthefederaland
tribalgovernmentstheotherofstate,countryandlocalgovernments.Althoughfederallawis
preeminentinIndiancountry,thetribesarenotfederalinstrumentalitiesforsubstantivepurposes.
Legally,treatiesbetweenthefederalgovernmentandtheNativeAmericantribesaregrantsof
powerfromthetribes.Thetribesretainallpowersnotspecificallylimited.Thereforethetribes
haveinherentsovereigntyovermatters,whichaffecttheinternalrelationsoftriballife.
36
WhenextraditionfromanIndianreservationissought,thedemandingstatesproceduresare
essentiallythesameforotherextraditions(i.e.,theprosecutorsendshisapplicationand
supportingdocumentstotheGovernor,whoattachesthemtohisrequisitionandsendsthe
packagetotheasylumstatesgovernor).However,thetreatmentoftherequestandthe
proceduresrequiredbytheasylumstatedependonwhetherthestate orthetribehasjurisdiction
overcriminaloffensescommittedbyoragainstNativeAmericansinIndiancountrywithinthat
state.
Under18U.S.C.A.1162(a),thestatesofAlaska(withoneexception),California,Minnesota
(withoneexception),Nebraska,Oregon(withoneexception)andWisconsinhavejurisdiction
overNativeAmericansonreservationsincriminaljusticematters.Intheremainingstates,
jurisdictiondependsonwhetherornotatribehasacodifiedextraditionprocedure.
Whereacodifiedprocedurehasbeen enacted,itmustbefollowedsincetheasylumstates
authoritieshavenoindependentauthoritytoenterthereservationtotakecustodyofthefugitive.
Theproceduretypicallyrequiresthatallpertinentdocuments,plusacoverletterindictingthe
demandingstatesintentiontoextradite,bepresentedtothetribalcouncilortribalcourt.That
bodywillreviewtherequestanddeterminewhethertorenderthefugitiveforextradition.
Wherethereisnocodifiedtribalextraditionprocedure,asylumstateauthoritiesmayenterthe
reservationandtakethefugitiveintocustodyinthesamemannerastheycouldinanyotherpart
oftheirstate.
Notwithstandingthefactthatanyasylumstatehasauthoritytoenterareservationtotake
custodyofafugitive,eitherunder18U.S.C.A.1162(a)orbecausethetribehasnocodified
extraditionprocedure,properrespectfortribalsovereigntymustbeshown.Tothisend,the
BureauofIndianAffairssuggeststhatpriortoenteringthereservationtomakethearrest,the
tribalcouncilorcourtbeconsultedandpresentedwiththeappropriatedocumentsinaneffortto
determineproperprotocol.
E. OtherSpecialCases
FugitivesoutoftheUnitedStates Incasesofinternationalextradition,theappropriate
CommonwealthsAttorneysfirsstepinaninternationalfugitivecaseshouldbetocontactthe
OfficeofInternationalAffairs(OIA (202)5140000.Everyformalrequestforinternational
extraditionbasedonFederalorstatecriminalchargesmustbereviewedandapprovedbyOIA.
AttorneysinOIAwilladviseprosecutorsaboutthepotentialforextraditioninagivencaseand
thestepstobefollowed. TheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthsofficewillprocesstherequest,
addtheGovernorsendorsement,andsendittotheDepartmentofJusticeinWashington.
FugitivesinUnitedStatesPossessions IfthefugitiveisinaU.S.territory,the
CommonwealthsAttorneycompletestheextraditionpapersandsendsthemtotheGovernor.
TheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthsofficewillprocesstherequest,additsendorsement,and
sendittotheterritorialgovernor.
37
FugitivesintheDistrictofColumbia IfthefugitiveisintheDistrictofColumbia,the
appropriateCommonwealthsAttorneycompletestheextraditionpapersandsendsthemtothe
Governor.TheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthsofficewillprocesstherequest,addits
endorsementandsendittotheChiefJudgeoftheSuperiorCourtoftheDistrictofColumbia.
Renewaloftheapplication Whenanapplicationmustberenewedforexample,whenthe
fugitivecouldnotbefoundinthestatefromwhichtherequisitionwasfirstsought neworre
certifiedcopiesofthepapersrequiredforextraditionmustbefurnished.
OtherStates
SeeAppendixB.
38
APPENDIXA
SAMPLEEXTRADITIONFORMATS
1.ReturnofFugitivesWhoHaveBeenIndicted
2.ReturnofFugitivesWhoHaveNotBeenIndicted
3.ReturnofFugitivesChargedwithViolationof
Probation
4.ReturnofFugitivesChargedwithViolationofParole
5.CertificateforCopyofIndictment,etc.
6.CertificateforJudgeastoOfficialCharacterofClerk
7.CertificateforClerkastoOfficialCharacterof
CommonwealthsAttorney
8.AgreementBetweenCommonwealthsAttorneyand
ArmedForces
39
APPLICATIONFORTHERETURNOFFUGITIVESWHO
HAVEBEENINDICTED
CommonwealthofVirginia:
City/Countyof___________________________:
ToHisExcellency,theGovernorofVirginia:
I, (CommonwealthsAttorneysName),CommonwealthsAttorneyfortheCity/Countyof
(jurisdiction) respectfullyrequestthatarequisitionbeissuedforthereturnof (nameand
aliasesoffugitive) whoisnowin (city/countyorparish,andstate) andchargedwith (list
crime(s)) intheCity/Countyof (jurisdiction) ,andbeingafugitivefromjustice,andthatyou
empower (title,firstandlastnameofVirginialawenforcementofficer(s) of
(city/county),Virginiaindueformasauthorizedagentstoreceiveandreturn (nameofthe
fugitiveandaliases) totheCommonwealthofVirginia.
Insupportofthisapplication,Icertifythat:
1.Thefullnameofthefugitiveforwhomextraditionisaskedis(nameandaliasesofthe
fugitive) whowasintheCommonwealthofVirginiaatthetimeofthecommissionofthe
crime
2.Inmyopinion,theendofpublicjusticerequiresthatthefugitivebebroughttothisStatefor
trial,atthepublicexpense
3.Inmyopinion,Ihavesufficientevidencetosecuretheconvictionofthefugitive
4. ThenamesoftheagentsproposedtoreceiveandreturnthefugitivetoVirginiaare (title,
firstandlastnameofVirginialawenforcementofficial(s))theproposedagent(s)areproper
personsandhavenoprivateinterestinthearrestofthefugitive
5.Nootherapplicationhasbeenmadeforarequisitionofthefugitivegrowingoutofthesame
transactionhereinalleged
6.Thefugitiveisnotknowntobeundereithercivilorcriminalarrestin(city/state)exceptas
otherwisehereinsetforth
7.Thisapplicationisnotmadeforthepurposeofenforcingthecollectionofadebt,or
forremovingthefugitivetoaforeignjurisdictionwithaviewtheretoservehimwith
civilprocess,orforanyprivateinterestwhateverandiftherequisitionisgranted,the
40
criminalproceedingshallnotbeusedforanyotherpurpose
8. Thenatureofthecrimewithwhichthefugitiveischargedis (listcrime(s))thiscrimeis
definedandpunishmentisprescribedbySection_______oftheCodeofVirginia (1950)as
amended
9. Therehasbeennodelayinmakingthisapplication
10. (Thenameandaliasesofthefugitive) isnowunderarrestin (city/county/parish,state)
andisheldbythepoliceauthoritiesof (jurisdiction)
11. Thefugitivehasbeenindicted.
Respectfullysubmittedthis_____day of____________,2001.
______________________________,
CommonwealthsAttorneyfortheCity/County of(jurisdiction),Virginia
41
APPLICATIONFORTHERETURNOFFUGITIVESWHO
HAVENOTBEENINDICTED
City/Countyof___________________________:
aliasesoffugitive) whoisnowin (renderingjurisdiction) andchargedwith (list
crime(s)) in (city/county) of (state) ,andwithbeingafugitivefromjustice,andthatyou
empower (title,firstandlastnameofVirginialawenforcementofficer(s) indueformas
authorizedagents,toreceiveandreturn (nameofthefugitiveandaliases) tothe
CommonwealthofVirginia.
1.Thefullnameofthefugitiveforwhomextraditionisaskedis(nameandaliasesofthe
fugitive) whowasintheCommonwealthofVirginiaatthetimeofthecommissionofthe
crime
2.Inmyopinion,theendofpublicjusticerequiresthatthefugitivebebroughttothisStatefor
trial,atthepublicexpense
3.Inmyopinion,Ihavesufficientevidencetosecuretheconvictionofthefugitive
4.ThenamesoftheagentsproposedtoreceiveandreturnthefugitivetoVirginiaare (title,
6.Thefugitiveisnotknowntobeundereithercivilorcriminalarrestin(city/state)
exceptasotherwisehereinsetforth
7.Thisapplicationisnotmadeforthepurposeofenforcingthecollection ofadebt,or
42
criminalproceedingshallnotbeusedforanyotherpurpose
8. Thenatureofthecrimewithwhichthefugitiveischargedis (listcrime(s))thiscrimeis
definedandpunishmentisprescribedbySection_______oftheCodeofVirginia (1950)as
amended
10. (Thenameandaliasesofthefugitive) wasarrestedin (renderingjurisdiction) bythe
policeauthoritiesof (renderingjurisdiction) forthecrimesallegedtohavebeen
committedbyhim,accordingtotheinformationfurnishedmebytheauthoritiesof
(renderingjurisdiction)
11. Thefugitivehasnotbeenindictedbecausehewasarrestedpursuanttoawarrantandis
entitledtoapreliminaryhearingpriortoindictment.
______________________________,
43
APPLICATIONFORTHERETURNOFFUGITIVESCHARGED
WITHVIOLATIONOFPROBATION
City/Countyof___________________________:
aliasesoffugitive) whoisnowin (renderingjurisdiction) andconvictedof (listcrime(s))
andhasviolatedthetermsofhis/herprobationintheCity/Countyof (jurisdiction) ,Virginia,
asshownbytheOrderofConvictionenteredthereonon (date) intheCircuitCourtof
(jurisdiction) ,andbytheletterofviolationofprobationfiledherewithandattachedheretoand
withbeingafugitivefromjustice,andthatyouempower (title,firstandlastnameof
Virginialawenforcementofficer(s) of (city/county),Virginiaindueformasauthorized
agents,toreceiveandreturn (nameofthefugitiveandaliases) totheCommonwealthof
Virginia.
1.Thefullnameofthefugitiveforwhomextraditionisaskedis (nameandaliasesofthe
fugitive) whowasonsupervisedprobationfromtheCircuitCourtof (jurisdiction),Virginia,
fortheconvictionofthecrimeof (listcrime(s)) asnotedintheOrderofConvictionattached
hereto
2. Inmyopinion,theendofpublicjusticerequiresthatthefugitivebebroughttothisStatefora
hearingonhisviolationofprobation,atthepublicexpense
3.Inmyopinion,Ihavesufficientevidencetosecuretherevocationofsupervisedprobationof
thefugitive
4.ThenamesoftheagentsproposedtoreceiveandreturnthefugitivetoVirginiaare (title,
6.Thefugitiveisnotknowntobeundereithercivilorcriminalarrestinthe
44
(renderingjurisdiction)
exceptasotherwisehereinsetforth
7.Thisapplicationisnotmadeforthepurposeofenforcingthecollectionofadebt,or
criminalproceedingshallnotbeusedforanyofthesaidobjects
8. ThenatureofthecrimewithwhichthefugitiveischargedisViolationofProbationandfor
whichpunishmentisprescribedbySection_______oftheCodeofVirginia (1950)as
amended
10. Thefugitivewasarrestedin (renderingjurisdiction) andisbeingheldbyauthorities,
accordingtotheinformationreceivedfrom (locality).
______________________________,
45
APPLICATIONFORTHERETURNOFFUGITIVESCHARGED
WITHVIOLATIONOFPAROLE
City/Countyof___________________________:
I, (ParoleBoardChairsName),ChairmanoftheParoleBoardfortheCommonwealthof
Virginia,Richmond,Virginia,respectfullyrequestandmakeapplicationforrequisitiononthe
arrestandrenditionof (nameandaliasesoffugitive) whowasconvictedofafelonyinthe
CommonwealthofVirginia,paroledandthereafterviolatedparolebyabsconding.
1. Thefullnameofthepersonforwhomrequisitionisaskedis (nameandaliasesofthe
fugitive)
2. Thecrimeforwhichhewasconvictedis___________________________________.
3. ThatIhavecarefully examinedthecase,andbelievethatthefactsstatedinthe
accompanyingproofaretrueandthattheendsofpublicjusticerequirethatthefugitivebe
broughtbacktotheCommonwealthatpublicexpense
4. Theterritoryinwhichthefugitiveisbelievedtobeis (renderingjurisdiction)
5.Thelocationofthefugitiveatthetimetheapplicationismadeis (specificaddress)
6.Thisapplicationismadeingoodfaithandnotforthepurposeofenforcingthecollectionofa
debtorforremovingthefugitivetoaforeignjurisdictionwithaviewtheretoservehimwith
civilprocessorforanyprivatepurposewhatever,andthatifthefugitiveisreturnedtothe
Commonwealth,theproceedingshallnotbeusedforanyofthesaidobjects
7.Therehasnotbeen asfarasIaminformedanyformerapplicationforarequisitionforthe
samepersonforthesameoffensewhichisthebasisofthisapplication
8.ThefugitiveisafugitivefromVirginiaunderthefollowingsetoffacts.Hewasconvictedin
the(listlocalcourt)for(listcrime(s)).Hewasgrantedparolesubjecttotheusualconditionsof
paroleon(date),beforecompletionofthesentenceandwasreleasedfromtheVirginia
DepartmentofCorrectionsonparole.On (date) ,reliableinformationhavingbeenpresentedto
46
theVirginiaParoleBoardthatthefugitivehadviolatedtheconditionsofhisparole,awarrant
wasissuedforhisarrestbyvirtueoftheauthorityvestedintheVirginiaParoleBoardbyTitle
53.1,Chapter4, CodeofVirginia (1950)asamended
9. Insupportofthisapplicationareattachedcertifiedcopiesoftheabovementionedconviction
andsentencebythe (sentencingcourt) ,theindictmentofwhichsuchconvictionwas
found,acopyofthewarrantoftheVirginiaParoleBoard,andtheConditionofParole,and
eachsuchcopyisproperlyauthenticatedinaccordancewiththelawsofthecommonwealth
ofVirginiaandthatIhavecarefullyexaminedthesecopiesoftheindictment,theconviction,
thewarrant,andtheConditionsofParole.
Inominateandpropose (namesofagent(s)),employeesoftheVirginiaDepartmentof
Corrections,fordesignationasagentsofthecommonwealth,andrepresentthat (namesof
agent(s)) areproperpersonsforsuchdesignationtoreturnthefugitivetotheCommonwealth,
andhavenoprivateinterestinthearrestofthefugitiveotherthanthedischargeoftheirdutiesas
Officersofthelaw.
______________________________,
Chair,VirginiaParoleBoard
47
CERTIFICATEFORMATFORCOPYOF
INDICTMENT,WARRANT,ETC.
City/Countyof______________________:
I,__________________________,Clerkofthe_____________CourtoftheCity/Countyof
_________________,Virginia,certifythatthecopyoftheaffidavitandwarrantheretoattached
aretrueandcorrectcopiesoftheaffidavitandwarrantissuedagainst(nameoffugitiveand
aliases) by(nameandofficialtitleofofficerissuingwarrant)underdateof____________,
2001.
______________________________,
Clerkofthe______________Court,
City/Countyof_________________,Virginia
(SEALOFTHECOURT)
48
CERTIFICATEFORMATFORJUDGEASTOTHE
OFFICIALCHARACTEROFTHECLERK
City/Countyof__________________:
I,________________________,Judge ofthe_______________CourtoftheCity/Countyof
_________________,Virginia,certify that(nameoftheClerkoftheCourt),whosenameis
signedtotheforegoingcertificate,is,andwasatthetimeofthesigning,thesameClerkofthe
Courtdulyqualified,thathis/herattestationisindueformoflaw,andthathis/hersignatureis
genuine.
Givenundermyhand,this______dayof_________,and2001.
_______________________________
Judgeofthe___________CourtoftheCity/Countyof_______________,Virginia
49
CERTIFICATEFORMATFORCLERKOFTHECOURTASTO
THEOFFICIALCHARACTEROFTHECOMMONWEALTHSATTORNEY
City/Countyof________________:
I,_________________________,Clerkofthe__________CourtoftheCity/Countyof
_______________,Virginia,certify that(nameoftheCommonwealthsAttorney),whose
genuinesignatureisaffixedtotheforegoingcertificateis,andwasatthetimeofsigningthe
same,CommonwealthsAttorneyfortheCity/Countyof________________.Ifurthercertify
that (nameoftheCommonwealthsAttorney),CommonwealthsAttorneyforthe
City/Countyof__________________,appearedbeforemethisday,and,afterbeingdulysworn,
statedthatthefactscontainedintheforegoingpetitionweretruetothebestofhisknowledgeand
belief.
IntestimonywhereofIhavehereuntosetmyhandandaffixedthesealofthecourtatmyoffice,
this_____day of__________,2001.
____________________________,
Clerkofthe____________CourtoftheCity/Countyof____________,Virginia
(SEALOFTHECOURT)
50
FORMATFORAGREEMENTBETWEENCOMMONWEALTHSATTORNEYAND
THEARMEDFORCES
_____________________
(Date)
ToWhomItMayConcern:
Forthedelivery of(nameoffugitive,grade,servicenumber,andbranchofarmedforces)to
(lawenforcementagency)at(county/city),Virginia,fortrialonthechargeof
________________________.
Iagree,pursuanttotheauthorityvestedinmeasCommonwealthsAttorneyfortheCity/County
of___________,Virginia,thatthecommandingofficerinchargeofthe (branchofservice,
nameofbaseorstation,cityandstate) andtheSecretaryof the (branchofservicenameof
baseorstationlocation) willbeinformedofthetrialsoutcomeandthat (nameoffugitive)
willbereturnedto (nameofbranchofservice) authoritiesattheplaceofdeliverynamed
above,ortosuchotherplaceasmaybedesignatedbythe (nameofbranchofservice),or
issuedtransportationto (nameandlocation),thenearestreceivingship,stationorbase,
withoutexpensetotheUnitedStatesortothepersondelivered,immediatelyonthecompletion
ofthetrialifthepersonisacquitted,orimmediatelyonsatisfyingthesentenceofthecourtishe
isconvictedandasentenceimposed,oranotherdispositionmadeofthiscase,provided (name
ofbranchofservice) authoritiesthendesirehisreturn.
________________________________
(signatureofCommonwealthsAttorney)
(typednameofCommonwealthsAttorney)
51
APPENDIXB
OTHERSTATES
SPECIALREQUIREMENTSAND
TIMELIMITS
52
SPECIALSTATEREQUIREMENTS
Individualstatesandterritorieshaveintroducedspecialrequirementswithwhichthe
demandingjurisdictionmustcomplytofacilitateextradition.Theseadditionalrequirementsare
asfollows:
STATE
REQUIREMENTS
Alabama
Thewarrantmustbebasedonthechargingdocument.
Whereextraditionissoughtinamatterinvolvingnonfugitivity,
extraditionpackagesmustincludeanindictment.
Alaska
Theextraditionpackagemustincludeafullshowingofprobable
cause.Thismaybeaccomplishedin oneofthefollowingways:
1. Anindictment,apreliminaryhearingfindingororder,oradocument
showingonitsfacethatajudicialofficerhasfoundprobablecause.
2. Anarrestwarrant,alongwithacopyofthestatute,courtruleor
appellateopinionwhichrequiresthatprobablecausebefoundpriorto
issuanceofawarrant.
3. Anaffidavitmadebeforeamagistrateestablishingprobablecausebya
witnesswithpersonalknowledgeofthefacts.
Arizona
Inclusionofphotographsandphotoaffidavitorcertifiedfingerprints.
Arkansas
Mustshowprobablecause. I.D.requiredphotoand/orfingerprints.
California
Identificationrequired.
Colorado
Judicialfindingorprobablecause.
Prefercertifiedphotoandfingerprintsorlegibledriverslicensephoto.
Willacceptelectronicallytransmittedorfaxeddocuments.
SeeC.R.S.1619108inemergencysituations.
Connecticut
Probablecauserequired.
Photographorfingerprintsrequired.
PrivatePrisonerTransportationServicesassolenominatedagentswillnot
behonored.
53
Incasewherefugitiveisfemale,femaleagentmustbenamed.
Delaware
Mustincludeshowingofprobablecause.
DistrictofColumbia Mustincludeshowingofprobablecause.
Florida
Ifextraditionisbasedinwholeorinpartonaconviction,thepackage
mustincludeajudgementsignedbythejudge.Ifthisdocumentisnot
available,anaffidavitbyajudgeastothejudgementandsentencewill
suffice.Showingofprobablecauseisalsorequired.
Georgia
Mustincludeidentification.
Idaho
Documentsmustincludethewarrantandstatementofprobable
cause.
Illinois
Identificationphotos,prints,physicaldescriptionrequired.
Iowa
Documentsmustincludethewarrantandidentification.
Kansas
Identification required
Musthavejudicialfindingofprobablecause.Ifrelyingonaninformation
aschargingdocument,itmustbesupportedbyanaffidavitofprobable
Cause
CopiesofStatues.
Kentucky
Forparoleviolators,affidavitshouldstatehowtermswerebroken,
circumstancessurroundingcase,etc.
KentuckyhasadoptedtheUniformChildCustodyJurisdictionAct
UCCJA,KRS403.400403.630andtheUniformInterstateFamily
SupportAct,KRS407.5101407.5902.Proceduresavailableunderthese
Actsshouldbeutilized,ifpossiblebeforeextraditionisconsidered.
Louisiana
Identificationisrequiredphotograph/fingerprintsorphysical
description.
Maine
Mustincludeidentificationandshowingofprobablecause.
54
Maryland
Mustincludeidentification,copyofthestatuteviolated,anda
femaleagenttotransportafemalefugitive.
Michigan
I.D.requiredphoto,fingerprintsand/ordetailedphysicaldescription.
Minnesota
Mustincludeshowingofprobablecause.
Mississippi
Mustincludeidentification.
Missouri
Identification required.
Ifrelyingonaninformationasthechargingdocument,itmustbe
Supportedbyanaffidavitofprobablecausemadebeforeamagistrate.
Nebraska
PrivateTransportationCompanynotacceptedasagent.Swornofficers
only.
I.D.required.
Femalefugitiverequiresdesignationoffemaleagent.
Nevada
Mustincludeidentification&awarrantbasedoncharging
document.
IADArticleIVrequestsformVmustcontaineitherthesignature
oftheGovernorortheAgreementAdministratoractingonthe
Governorsbehalf.
NewHampshire
Ifthedocumentsdonotcontainanindictment,thewarrantmust
containadeterminationofprobablecause.Identificationisrequired.
NewJersey
Mustinclude:a)Identification,b)Showingofprobablecause,
c)copyofstatuteviolated,d)Location offugitiveinNewJersey(cover
letter), ande)Afemaleagenttotransportafemalefugitive.
NewMexico
Thewarrantmustbebasedonthechargingdocument.The
packageorwarrantmustincludeafindingofprobablecause.Afemale
agentmustbenamedtotransportafemalefugitive.
NewYork
Specificdesignationofagentbyname,titleandagency.
Nameoffemaleagentforafemalefugitive.
55
Properidentification,copyofstatutesviolated.
NorthCarolina
Thewarrantmustbebasedonthechargingdocument.Theagent
mustbedesignatedbyname.
Ohio
Mustincludeshowingofprobablecauseandidentification.A
femaleagentmustbenamedforafemalefugitive.
Oklahoma
Afemaleagentmustbenamedforafemalefugitive.
Pennsylvania
Identificationisrequired.
PuertoRico
Privateprisonertransportationserviceswillnotbehonored.A
femaleagentmustbenamedforafemalefugitive.Specific
designationoftheagentsisrequiredbynameandtitle.
Photoandprintsarerequired.
RhodeIsland
Afemaleagentmustbenamedforafemalefugitive.Thewarrant
mustbebasedonthechargingdocument.
Identificationforextraditionanddetainerarerequired.
Tennessee
Texas
PrivatetransportcompanieslikeTranscorarenotallowed.
Designationoffemaleagentrequiredforfemalefugitive.
Whenthebasisoftheextraditionrequestisanaffidavitmade
Beforeamagistratetogetherwithawarrantissuedthereupon,
Thewarrantmustbedatedthesameastheaffidavit.
PhotoIdand/orfingerprintsrequired.
Governorswarrantsexpirewithin1yearofissuance.
Utah
PleaseputLieutenantGovernorinplaceofSecretaryofState
onallExecutiveAgreements.
Vermont
Thedemandingstatemustindicateinthecoverletterthelocation
ofthefugitiveinVermont.Identificationandaprobablecause
affidavitinthereisnoindictmentisrequired.
VirginIslands
Thedemandingstatemustindicateinthecoverletterthelocation
56
ofthefugitiveintheVirginIslands.
Wisconsin
Extraditiondocumentsmustincludeashowingofprobablecause
oranarrestwarrantissuedbyajudgeormagistrate.
57
OTHERSTATESEXTRADITIONTIMELIMITS
Thenumberofdaysavailabletoperfectagovernorswarrantvariesineachstate.The
followingtableisusedasageneralguidetodeterminethemaximumnumberofdaysineach
statebeforethefugitivechargewillbedismissed.
STATE
NUMBEROFDAYS
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
NewMexico
NewHampshire
NewJersey
NewYork
North Carolina
NorthDakota
Ohio
60(fromarrest)
90
90
60
90
90
90
90
90(fromarrest)
90
90(fromarrest)
60
60(CookCounty/Chicagoallows90)
90(VigoCountyallows30daysfromdateofarrest)
90
90
90
30daysfromarresttostartproceedings,thenupto90
90
60
90(fromarrest)
90
90(fromarrest)
90
90
90
60,90underspecialcircumstances
30daysfromarresttostartproceedings,thenupto90
60(exceptSantaFeCountyis30)
90
90
90(fromarrest)
90(fromarrest)
90
60
58
Oklahoma
Oregon
90
90(formost)
ClackamasCounty
30
CurryCounty
30tostart,then30more
DouglasCounty
45
JacksonCounty
45
LaneCounty
30
LincolnCounty
45
LinnCounty
30
MarionCounty
14tostart,then14to21more
MultnomahCounty
30
WascoCounty
30(fromarraignment)
WashingtonCounty
30(fromarraignment)
Pennsylvania
90
RhodeIsland
90
SouthCarolina
90
SouthDakota
90(exceptMoodyCountyis30)
Tennessee
90
Texas
90ifincustodynotimelimitusuallyifonbailorbond
Utah
60
Vermont
90
Virginia
90
Washington
90
Washington,D.C.
30
WestVirginia
30,then60moreifpaperworkisstarted
Wisconsin
90(fromarrest)
Wyoming
90
NOTE:Thetimelimitsmayvaryfromthedateofarrest,dateofarraignment,ordatethat
identificationisestablished.
59
APPENDIXC
REQUISITIONAPPLICATIONSCHECKLIST
60
REQUISITIONAPPLICATIONATTACHMENTSCHECKLIST
WARRANT
GENERALDISTRICTCOURTAND
JUVENILEANDDOMESTICRELATIONSDISTRICTCOURT(Adult)
Certifiedcopyofwarrant
Ifitisafailuretoappear,certifiedcopyofFTAwarrantand
arrestingwarrant
AffidavitorCriminalComplaintswornbeforejudgeor
magistrate. NOTE: Iffugitiveisin NewYork,NewJerseyor
Texastheaffidavitorcriminalcomplaintmustbedatedthesame
dateorpredatethewarrant
Photograph NOTE: Ifyoudonothaveamugshotandthe
asylumstaterequiresphotoIDintherequisition obtainphoto
fromarrestingagencyanddoaphotoaffidavitorobtain
photographfromDMV
Fingerprints(ifavailable)
Copyofstatutethatdefinesthecrimeorcrimesforwhich
thefugitiveischarged
INDICTMENT
CircuitCourt
CertifiedcopyofCapias
CertifiedcopyofIndictment
Photograph NOTE: Ifyoudonothaveaphotographonfile
andtheasylumstaterequiresphotoIDintherequisition obtain
photographfromarrestingagencyanddoaphotoaffidavitor
obtainphotographfromDMV
Copyofstatutethatdefinesthecrimeorcrimesforwhich
thefugitiveischarged
61
VIOLATIONOF
PROBATION
CircuitCourt
Certifiedcopyofcapias
Certifiedcopyofindictment(s)
Certifiedcopyofconviction/sentencingorder(s)
CertifiedcopyofletterfromProbationandParolestating
violationandrequestingrevocation
Photograph
Fingerprints
NONSUPPORT
EXTRADITION
Certifiedcopyofwarrantfornonsupport
Affidavitthatallcivilremedieshavebeenexhausted(most
Governorsrequiresuchashowingbeforetheywillhonoran
extraditionrequestandtheaffidavitshouldtracetheprocedural
historyofthecaseinsupportoftheallegationthatcivilremedies
havebeentriedatleast60dayspriortotheapplicationorthat
theywouldbefutile)
Certifiedcopyoforderimposingsupportobligation
Photograph NOTE: Ifyoudonothaveaphotographandthe
asylumstaterequiresphotoIDintherequisition obtain
photographfromarrestingagencyanddoaphotoaffidavitor
obtainaphotographfromDMV
NOTE:Virginiaonlyissuesamisdemeanorwarrantfor
nonsupport.Someasylumstateswillnotarrestyour
defendantonafugitivechargebecauseitisnotanoffense
punishablebymorethan12monthsinjail.(EXAMPLE:
NewYorkandNewJersey)
62
APPENDIXD
TRAVELORDERREQUEST
POLICYANDFORM
63
TRAVELORDERREQUESTSPOLICY
1) Thetravelordermustberequestedandapprovedbeforetheofficersleavetopickupthe
fugitive.Iftraveloccurspriortoapproval,reimbursementwillnotbemade.
2) Notravelorderwillbeissuedbeforethefugitivewaivesextradition.
3) WhenrequestingatravelorderforthepurposeofreturningafugitivetoVirginia,please
providetheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthsOfficewiththefollowinginformation:
A) Thenameandgenderofthedefendant
B) Thedefendantscharge(s)inyourjurisdiction
C) Thecity/countyandstatewherethefugitiveisbeingheld
D) Thetitles,fullnamesandgenderoftheofficerswhowillbetransportingthefugitive
E) Thedatethefugitivesignedthewaiverofextraditionandcopyofthewaiver
F) Thedatetheofficerswillcommencetravel
4) Oneoftheofficersmustbeofthesamegenderasthefugitivebeforeauthorizationcanbe
given.
5) OnlyauthorizedVirginiaLawEnforcementOfficerscanbesenttoreturnfugitivestothe
CommonwealthofVirginia.
6) Thetravelordercannotbeissuedforfamilymemberswhoaccompanylawenforcement
officersonextraditiontripsunlessthatmemberisanauthorizedlawenforcementofficer.
7) Theofficeristopickupthefugitiveassoonaspossibleaftertheasylumstatesaystransferis
appropriateandshouldreturnforthwithtothedemandingjurisdiction.Carefulconsideration
shouldbegiventothemostefficientmethodoftravel.Securityconcernsalwaystake
precedence.
8) Ifanofficersubstitutionmustbemade,pleasenotifythisofficebeforethetripistaken.
9) Requestsforduplicatetravelordersmustbemadeinwritingstatingthereasonforthe
requests.
10) Ifyoudesiretohavethetravelorderspickedupinsteadofmailed,pleasegetpriorapproval
fromtheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthsOffice.Travelordersnotpickedupbythe
designateddaywillbemailed.
11) IfaGovernorsrequisitionwarranthasbeenrequested,pleasenotifytheSecretaryofthe
CommonwealthsOfficeimmediatelyifthefugitivewaivesextraditionsothatthetravel
ordersmaybeprocessed.
12) Ifyoufaxintherequestfor travelorders,pleasecalltoconfirmthattheyhavebeenreceived.
Travelordersshouldbefaxedonapprovedformsonly.Thefaxnumberis(804)7861418.
64
13) TravelReimbursementformsshouldbemailedtotheSupremeCourtofVirginia,Attention:
Fiscal ServicesDepartment,100NorthNinthStreet,Richmond,Virginia23219.Ifyouhave
anyquestionsconcerningreimbursement,pleasecalltheSupremeCourtat(804)7866455.
65
P.O.Box2454
Richmond,Virginia23218
Thetravelordermustberequestedbeforetheofficersleavetopickupthefugitive. Ifanofficersubstitutionmustbe
made,pleasenotifythisofficebeforetravel.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleasecontactPattyTuckerat(804)786
9433
Thetravelrequestshouldbefaxedto(804)7861418oremailedto Patricia.Tucker@governor.virginia.gov.
TRAVELORDERREQUESTFORM
RequestingJurisdiction:
__________________________________________________________________________
DefendantsName:_________________________________________________________________________MF
Aliases:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Charge(s):_____________________________________________________________________________________
(Notchargingdocuments)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
LocationofDefendant:__________________________________________________________________________
(State,City/County)
Officer(s)AuthorizedtoAssumeCustodyofDefendant.(Oneoftheofficersmustbeofthesamegenderasthe
fugitive):
_________________________________________________________________________________________MF
Title,FirstandLastName.(NOTINITIALS)
_________________________________________________________________________________________MF
Title,FirstandLast Name.(NOTINITIALS)
DateDefendantWaived:______________________Date(s)ofTravel:
___________________________________
RequestSubmittedby:___________________________________________Phone#:________________________
TravelOrdersaremailedtotheCommonwealthsAttorneysOfficeunlessotherwisespecified.
MailTo:______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
TravelReimbursementformsshouldbemailedtotheSupremeCourtofVirginia,
Attn:FiscalServicesDepartment,100N.9th Street,Richmond,Virginia23219.Ifyouhaveanyquestions
concerningreimbursement,pleasecalltheSupremeCourtat(804)7866455.
66
67
APPENDIXE
CODEOFVIRGINIAEXTRADITION
SECTIONS
(1983REPLACEMENTVOLUME
1989CUMULATIVESUPPLEMENT)
68
CODEOFVIRGINIA
19.284through19.2118
ExtraditionSections
Section19.284. GovernortosurrenderonrequisitionofPresident.
TheGovernorshallwheneverrequiredbytheexecutiveauthorityoftheUnitedStates,pursuant
totheConstitutionandlawsthereof,deliverovertojusticeanypersonfoundwithinthe
Commonwealth,whoischargedwithhavingcommittedanycrimewithoutthejurisdictionofthe
UnitedStates.
Section19.285.Definitions.
Whenappearinginthischapter:
(1)Theterm"Governor"includesanypersonperformingthefunctionsofGovernorbyauthority
ofthelawofthisCommonwealth
(2)Theterm"executiveauthority"includestheGovernor,andanypersonperformingthe
functionsofGovernorinastateotherthanthisCommonwealth
(3)Theterm"State,"referringtoastateotherthanthisCommonwealth,includesanyotherstate
orterritory,organizedorunorganized,oftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,andtheDistrictof
Columbiaand
(4)Theterm"judge"meansajudgeofacourtofrecordhavingcriminaljurisdiction.
Section19.286.FugitivesfromjusticedutyofGovernor.
Subjecttotheprovisionsofthischapter,theprovisionsoftheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates
controlling,andanyandallactsofCongressenactedinpursuancethereof,theGovernorshall
havearrestedanddelivereduptotheexecutiveauthorityofanyotheroftheUnitedStatesany
personchargedinthatstatewithtreason,felony,orothercrime,whohasfledfromjusticeandis
foundinthisCommonwealth.
Section19.287.Formofdemand.
Nodemandfortheextraditionofapersonchargedwith,orconvictedof,crimeinanotherstate
shallberecognizedbytheGovernorunlessinwritingalleging,exceptincasesarisingunder
19.291,thattheaccusedwaspresentinthedemandingstateatthetimeofthecommission ofthe
allegedcrimeandthatthereafterhefledfromsuchstate,andaccompanied:(1)byacopyofan
indictmentfound,(2)byacopyoraninformationsupportedbyanaffidavitfiledinthestate
havingjurisdictionofthecrime,(3)byacopyofanaffidavitmadebeforeamagistrateinsuch
statetogetherwithacopyofanywarrantwhichwasissuedthereupon,or(4)byacopyofa
judgmentofconvictionorofasentenceimposedinexecutionthereoftogetherwithastatement
bytheexecutiveauthorityof thedemandingstatethatthepersonclaimedhasescapedfrom
confinementorhasbrokenthetermsofhisbail,probationorparole.Theindictment,information
oraffidavitmadebeforethemagistratemustsubstantiallychargethepersondemandedwith
havingcommittedacrimeunderthelawofthatstateandthecopyoftheindictment,
information,affidavit,judgmentofconvictionorsentencemustbeauthenticatedbytheexecutive
authoritymakingthedemand.
Section19.288.Governormayinvestigatecase.
69
WhenademandshallbemadeupontheGovernorbytheexecutiveauthorityofanotherstatefor
thesurrenderofapersonsochargedwith,orconvictedof,crime,theGovernormaycallupon
theAttorneyGeneraloranyotherofficerofthisCommonwealthtoinvestigateorassistin
investigatingthedemandandtoreporttohimthesituationandcircumstancesofthepersonso
demandedandwhetherheoughttobesurrendered.
Section19.289.Extraditionofpersonsimprisonedorawaitingtrialinanotherstate.
WhenitisdesiredtohavereturnedtothisCommonwealthapersonchargedinthis
Commonwealthwithacrimeandsuchpersonisimprisonedorisheldundercriminal
proceedingsthenpendingagainsthiminanotherstate,theGovernormayagreewiththe
executiveauthorityofsuchotherstatefortheextraditionofsuchpersonbeforetheconclusionof
suchproceedingsorhistermofsentenceinsuchotherstate,uponconditionthatsuchpersonbe
returnedtosuchotherstateattheexpenseofthisCommonwealthassoonastheprosecutionin
thisCommonwealthisterminated.
Section19.290.Extraditionofpersonswhohaveleftdemandingstateinvoluntarily.
TheGovernormayalsosurrenderondemandoftheexecutiveauthorityofanyotherstateany
personinthisCommonwealthwhoischargedinthemannerprovidedin19.2109to19.2
111,withhavingviolatedthelawsofthestatewhoseexecutiveauthorityismakingthedemand,
eventhoughsuchpersonleftthedemandingstateinvoluntarily.
Section19.291.Extraditionofpersonsnotindemandingstateattimeofcommissionof
crime.
TheGovernormayalsosurrender,ondemandoftheexecutiveauthorityofanyotherstate,any
personinthisCommonwealthchargedinsuchotherstateinthemannerprovidedin19.287
withcommittinganactinthisCommonwealth,orinathirdstate,intentionallyresultingina
crimeinthestatewhoseexecutiveauthorityismakingthedemand.Theprovisionsofthis
chapternototherwiseinconsistentshallapplytosuchcases,eventhoughtheaccusedwasnotin
thatstateatthetimeofthecommissionofthecrime,andhasnotfledtherefrom.
Section19.292.IssuanceofGovernor'swarrantofarrestitsrecitals.
IftheGovernordecidesthatademandfortheextradition ofaperson,chargedwith,orconvicted
of,crimeinanotherstateshouldbecompliedwith,heshallsignawarrantofarrest,whichshall
besealedwiththestateseal,andbedirectedtothesherifforsergeantofanycountyorcityorto
anypeaceofficerorotherpersonwhomhemaythinkfittoentrustwiththeexecutionthereof.
Thewarrantmustsubstantiallyrecitethefactsnecessarytothevalidityofitsissuance.Any
electronicallytransmittedfacsimileofaGovernor'swarrantshallbetreatedasanoriginal
document,providedtheoriginalisreceivedwithinfourdaysofreceiptofthefacsimile.
Section19.293.Mannerandplaceofexecutionofwarrant.
Suchwarrantshallauthorizetheofficerorotherpersontowhomitisdirectedtoarrestthe
accusedatanytimeandatanyplacewherehemaybefoundwithintheCommonwealthandto
commandtheaidofallpeaceofficersorotherpersonsintheexecutionofthewarrantandto
delivertheaccused,subjecttotheprovisionsofthischapter,tothedulyauthorizedagentofthe
demandingstate.
70
Section19.294.Assistancetoarrestingofficer.
Everyofficerorotherpersonempoweredtomakethearrest,asprovidedinthepreceding
section,shallhavethesameauthority,inarrestingtheaccused,tocommandassistancethereinas
thesheriffsandsergeantsoftheseveralcountiesandcitiesofthisCommonwealthhavebylawin
theexecutionofanycriminalprocessdirectedtothem,withlikepenaltiesagainstthosewho
refusetorendertheirassistance.
Section19.295.Rightsofaccusedpersonsapplicationforwritofhabeascorpus.
Nopersonarresteduponsuchwarrantshallbedeliveredovertotheagentwhomtheexecutive
authoritydemandinghimshallhaveappointedtoreceivehimunlessheshallfirstbetaken
forthwithbeforeajudgeofacircuitorgeneraldistrictcourtinthisCommonwealth,whoshall
informhimofthedemandmadeforhissurrenderandofthecrimewithwhichheischarged,and
thathehastherighttodemandandprocurelegalcounselandiftheprisonerorhiscounselshall
statethatheortheydesiretotestthelegalityofhisarrest,thejudgeortrialjusticeshallfixa
reasonabletimetobeallowedhimwithinwhichtoapplyforawritofhabeascorpus.Whensuch
writisappliedfor,noticethereofandofthetimeandplaceofhearingthereonshallbegivento
theattorneyfortheCommonwealthofthecountyorcityinwhichthearrestismadeandin
whichtheaccusedisincustody,andtotheagentofthedemandingstate.
Section19.296.Penaltyfornoncompliancewithprecedingsection.
Anyofficerwhoshalldelivertotheagentforextraditionofthedemandingstateapersoninhis
custodyundertheGovernor'swarrantinwillfuldisobediencetothelastprecedingsectionshall
beguiltyofaClass1misdemeanor.
Section19.297.Confinementinjailwhennecessary.
TheofficerorpersonsexecutingtheGovernor'swarrantofarrest,ortheagentofthedemanding
statetowhomtheprisonermayhavebeendelivered,may,whennecessary,confinetheprisoner
inthejailofanycountyorcitythroughwhichhemaypassandthekeeperofsuchjailshall
receiveandsafelykeeptheprisoneruntiltheofficerorpersonhavingchargeofhimisreadyto
proceedonhisroute,suchofficerorpersonbeingchargeablewiththeexpenseofkeeping.
Section19.298.SameforprisonersbeingtakenthroughCommonwealth.
Theofficeroragentofademandingstatetowhomaprisonermayhavebeendeliveredfollowing
extraditionproceedingsinanotherstateortowhomaprisonermayhavebeendeliveredafter
waivingextraditioninsuchotherstate,andwhoispassingthroughthisCommonwealthwith
suchprisonerforthepurposeofreturningimmediatelysuchprisonertothedemandingstate
may,whennecessary,confinetheprisonerinthejailofanycountyorcitythroughwhichhemay
passandthekeeperofsuchjailshallreceiveandsafelykeeptheprisoneruntiltheofficeror
agenthavingchargeofhimisreadytoproceedonhisroute,suchofficeroragent,however,
beingchargeablewiththeexpenseofkeeping,provided,however,thatsuchofficeroragentshall
delivertothejailerthewarrantorlegalorderauthorizingcustodyoftheprisoner.Suchprisoner
shallnotbeentitledtodemandanewrequisitionwhileinthisCommonwealth.
Section19.299.Arrestpriortorequisition.
Whenever:(1)anypersonwithinthisCommonwealthshallbechargedontheoathofany
crediblepersonbeforeanyjudge,magistrateorotherofficerauthorizedtoissuecriminal
71
warrantsinthisCommonwealthwiththecommissionofanycrimeinanyotherstateand,except
incasesarisingunder19.291,(a)withhavingfledfromjustice,(b)withhavingbeen
convictedofacrimeinthatstateandofhavingescapedfromconfinement,or(c)ofhaving
brokenthetermsofhisbail,probation,orparole,or(2)complaintshallhavebeenmadebefore
anysuchjudge,magistrateorotherofficerinthisCommonwealthsettingforthontheaffidavitof
anycrediblepersoninanotherstatethatacrimehasbeencommittedinsuchotherstateandthat
theaccusedhasbeenchargedinsuchstatewiththecommissionofthecrime,and,exceptin
casesarisingunder19.291,(a)hasfledfromjustice,(b)havingbeenconvicted ofacrimein
thatstatehasescapedfromconfinement,or(c)brokenthetermsofhisbail,probationorparole,
andthattheaccusedisbelievedtobeinthisCommonwealth,suchjudge,magistrateorother
officershallissueawarrantdirectedtoanysheriffortoanypeaceofficercommandinghimto
apprehendthepersonnamedtherein,whereverhemaybefoundinthisCommonwealth,andto
bringhimbeforeanyjudgewhomaybeavailableinorconvenientofaccesstotheplacewhere
thearrestmaybemade,toanswerthechargeofcomplaintandaffidavit.Acertifiedcopyofthe
swornchargeorcomplaintandaffidavituponwhichthewarrantisissuedshallbeattachedtothe
warrant.
Section19.2100.Arrestwithoutwarrant.
Thearrestofapersonmaybelawfullymadealsobyanypeaceofficerorprivatepersonwithout
awarrantuponreasonableinformationthattheaccusedstandschargedinthecourtsofastate
withacrimepunishablebydeathorimprisonmentforatermexceedingoneyear.Butwhenso
arrestedtheaccusedshallbetakenbeforeajudge,magistrateorotherofficerauthorizedtoissue
criminalwarrantsinthisCommonwealthwithallpracticablespeedandcomplaintmadeagainst
himunderoathsettingforththegroundforthearrestasintheprecedingsectionandthereafter
hisanswershallbeheardasifhehadbeenarrestedonawarrant.
Section19.2101.Confinementtoawaitrequisitionbail.
Iffromtheexaminationbeforethejudgeitappearsthatthepersonheldpursuanttoeitherofthe
twoprecedingsectionsisthepersonchargedwithhavingcommittedthecrimeallegedand,
exceptincasesarisingunder19.291,thathehasfledfromjustice,thejudgeshall,bya
warrantrecitingtheaccusation,commithimtojailforsuchatime,notexceedingthirtydays,
specifiedinthewarrantaswillenablethearrestoftheaccusedtobemadeunderawarrantofthe
Governoronarequisitionoftheexecutiveauthorityofthestatehavingjurisdictionofthe
offense,unlesstheaccusedgivebail asprovidedinthenextsection,oruntilheshallbelegally
discharged.
Section19.2102.Inwhatcasesbailallowedconditionsofbond.
Unlesstheoffensewithwhichtheprisonerischargedisshowntobeanoffensepunishableby
deathorlifeimprisonmentunderthelawsofthestateinwhichitwascommitted,anyjudge,
magistrateorotherpersonauthorizedbylawtoadmitpersonstobailinthisCommonwealthmay
admitthepersonarrestedtobailbybond,withsufficientsureties,andinsuchsum ashedeems
proper,conditioneduponhisappearancebeforeajudgeatatimespecifiedinsuchbondand
uponhissurrenderforarrestuponthewarrantoftheGovernorofthisCommonwealth.
72
Section19.2103.Discharge,recommitmentorrenewalofbail.
IftheaccusedisnotarrestedunderwarrantoftheGovernorbytheexpirationofthetime
specifiedinthewarrantorbond,anyjudgeinthisCommonwealthmaydischargehimormay
recommithimforafurtherperiodnottoexceedsixtydays,orsuchjudgemayagaintakebailfor
hisappearanceandsurrender,asprovidedintheprecedingsection,butwithinaperiodnotto
exceedsixtydaysafterthedateofsuchnewbond.
Section19.2104.Forfeitureofbail.
Iftheprisonerisadmittedtobailandfailstoappearandsurrenderhimselfaccordingtothe
conditionsofhisbond,anyjudgeofacircuitorgeneraldistrictcourtbyproperorder,shall
declarethebondforfeitedandorderhisimmediatearrestwithoutwarrantifhebewithinthis
Commonwealth.RecoverymaybehadonsuchbondinthenameoftheCommonwealthasinthe
caseofotherbondsgivenbytheaccusedincriminalproceedingswithinthisCommonwealth.
Section19.2105.PersonsundercriminalprosecutioninthisCommonwealthattimeof
requisition.
Ifacriminalprosecutionhasbeeninstitutedagainstsuchpersonunderthelawsofthis
Commonwealthandisstillpending,theGovernor,inhisdiscretion,eithermaysurrenderhimon
demandoftheexecutiveauthorityofanotherstateorholdhim untilhehasbeentriedand
dischargedorconvictedandpunishedinthisCommonwealth.
19.2106.Whenguiltorinnocenceofaccusedinquiredinto.
Theguiltorinnocenceoftheaccusedastothecrimeofwhichheischargedmaynotbeinquired
intoby theGovernororinanyproceedingafterthedemandforextraditionaccompaniedbya
chargeofcrimeinlegalformasaboveprovidedshallhavebeenpresentedtotheGovernor,
exceptasitmaybeinvolvedinidentifyingthepersonheldasthepersonchargedwiththecrime.
Section19.2107.Governormayrecallwarrantorissuealias.
TheGovernormayrecallhiswarrantofarrestormayissueanotherwarrantwheneverhedeems
itproper.
Section19.2108.FugitivesfromthisCommonwealthdutyofGovernor.
WhenevertheGovernorshalldemandapersonchargedwithcrimeorwithescapingfrom
confinementorbreakingthetermsofhisbail,probationorparoleinthisCommonwealth,from
theexecutiveauthorityofanyotherstate,orfromthechiefjusticeor anassociatejusticeofthe
SupremeCourtoftheDistrictofColumbiaauthorizedtoreceivesuchdemandunderthelawsof
theUnitedStates,heshallissueawarrantunderthesealofthisCommonwealthtosomeagent
commandinghimtoreceivethepersonsochargedifdeliveredtohimandconveyhimtothe
properofficerofthecountyorcityinthisCommonwealthinwhichtheoffensewascommitted.
Section19.2109.Applicationforrequisitionforreturnofpersonchargedwithcrime.
WhenthereturntothisCommonwealthofapersonchargedwithcrimeinthisCommonwealthis
required,theattorneyfortheCommonwealthshallpresenttotheGovernorhiswritten
applicationforarequisitionforthereturnofthepersoncharged,inwhichapplicationshallbe
statedthenameofthepersonsocharged,thecrimechargedagainsthim,theapproximatetime,
placeandcircumstancesofitscommission,thestateinwhichheisbelievedtobe,includingthe
73
locationoftheaccusedthereinatthetimetheapplicationismade,andcertifyingthat,inthe
opinionoftheattorneyfortheCommonwealth,theendsofjusticerequirethearrestandreturnof
theaccusedtothisCommonwealthfortrialandthattheproceedingisnotinstitutedtoenforcea
privateclaim.
Section19.2110.Applicationforrequisitionforreturnofescapedconvict,etc.
WhenthereturntothisCommonwealthisrequiredofapersonwhohasbeenconvictedofa
crimeinthisCommonwealthandhasescapedfromconfinementorbrokenthetermsofhisbail,
probationorparole,theattorneyfortheCommonwealth,ofthecountyorcityinwhichthe
offensewascommitted,orthewardenoftheinstitutionorsheriffofthecountyorcityfrom
whichtheescapewasmade,shallpresenttotheGovernorawrittenapplicationforarequisition
forthereturnofsuchperson,inwhichapplicationshallbestatedthenameoftheperson,the
crimeofwhichhewasconvicted,thecircumstancesofhisescapefromconfinementorofthe
breachofthetermsofhisbail,probation orparoleandthestateinwhichheisbelievedtobe,
includingthelocationofthepersonthereinatthetimeapplicationismade.
Section19.2111.Formofsuchapplicationscopies,etc.
Theapplicationshallbeverifiedbyaffidavit,shallbeexecutedinduplicateandshallbe
accompaniedbytwocertifiedcopiesoftheindictmentreturned,orinformationandaffidavit
filed,orofthecomplaintmadetothejudgeofacircuitorgeneraldistrictcourtorotherofficer
issuingthewarrantstatingtheoffensewithwhichtheaccusedischarged,orofthejudgmentof
convictionorofthesentence.TheattorneyfortheCommonwealth,wardenorsheriffmayalso
attachsuchfurtheraffidavitsandotherdocumentsinduplicateasheshalldeempropertobe
submittedwithsuchapplication.Onecopyoftheapplication,withtheactionoftheGovernor
indicatedbyendorsementthereon,andoneofthecertifiedcopiesoftheindictment,complaint,
information,andaffidavits,orofthejudgmentofconvictionorofthesentenceshallbefiledin
theofficeoftheSecretaryoftheCommonwealth,toremainofrecordinthatoffice.Theother
copiesofallpapersshallbeforwardedwiththeGovernor'srequisition.
Section19.2112.Costsandexpensesofextradition.
A.Theexpensesincidenttotheextraditionofanypersonunderthefourprecedingsectionsmay
bepaidoutofthestatetreasury,onwarrantsoftheComptrollerissueduponvoucherssignedby
theGovernor,orsuchotherpersonasmaybedesignatedbyhimforsuchpurpose.
B.IfthepersonwasextraditedafterillegallyleavingtheCommonwealthwhileonparoleoron
probation,thepersonextradited,andnottheCommonwealth,shallberesponsibleforthecosts
andexpensesofextradition.Thestatetreasury shallcontinuetoreimburselocaljurisdictionsfor
thecostsandexpensesofextradition.Thefugitiveshallpaythecostsandexpensesofhis
extraditionintothestatetreasury.
Section19.2113.Immunityfromserviceofprocessincertaincivilactions.
ApersonbroughtintothisCommonwealthby,orafterwaiverof,extraditionbasedonacriminal
chargeshallnotbesubjecttoserviceofpersonalprocessincivilactionsarisingoutofthesame
factsasthecriminalproceedingtoanswerwhichheisbeingorhasbeenreturned,untilhehas
beenconvictedinthecriminalproceeding,or,ifacquitted,untilhehashadreasonable
opportunitytoreturntothestatefromwhichhewasextradited.
74
Section19.2114.Writtenwaiverofextraditionproceedings.
AnypersonarrestedinthisCommonwealthchargedwithhavingcommittedanycrimeinanother
stateorallegedtohaveescapedfromconfinement,orbrokenthetermsofhisbail,probationor
parolemaywaivetheissuanceandserviceofthewarrantprovidedforin19.292and19.293
andallotherproceduresincidentaltoextraditionproceedingsbyexecutingorsubscribinginthe
presenceofajudgeofacircuitordistrictcourtwithinthisCommonwealthawritingwhichstates
thatheconsentstoreturn tothedemandingstate.However,beforethewaiverisexecutedor
subscribedbytheperson,itshallbethedutyofthejudgetoinformthepersonofhisrightstothe
issuanceandserviceofawarrantofextraditionandtoobtainawritofhabeascorpusasprovided
forin19.295.
Ifandwhensuchconsenthasbeendulyexecuted,itshallforthwithbeforwardedtotheofficeof
theGovernorandfiledtherein.Thejudgeshalldirecttheofficerhavingthepersonincustodyto
promptlydeliverhimtothedulyaccreditedagentofthedemandingstate,andshalldeliveror
causetobedeliveredtosuchagentacopyoftheconsent.
Thissectionshallnotbedeemedtolimittherightsoftheaccusedpersontoreturnvoluntarily
andwithoutformalitytothedemandingstate,norshallthiswaiverprocedurebedeemedtobean
executiveprocedureortolimitthepowers,rightsordutiesoftheofficersofthedemandingstate
orofthisCommonwealth.
Section19.2115.NonwaiverbythisCommonwealth.
NothinginthischaptercontainedshallbedeemedtoconstituteawaiverbythisCommonwealth
ofitsright,powerorprivilegetotrysuchdemandedpersonforcrimecommittedwithinthis
Commonwealth,orofitsright,powerorprivilegetoregaincustodyofsuchpersonby
extraditionproceedingsorotherwiseforthepurposeoftrial,sentenceorpunishmentforany
crimecommittedwithinthisCommonwealth,norshallanyproceedingshadunderthischapter
whichresultin,orfailtoresultin,extraditionbedeemedawaiverbythisCommonwealthofany
ofitsrights,privilegesorjurisdictioninanywaywhatsoever.
Section19.2116.Norightofasylumnoimmunityfromothercriminalprosecutionswhile
inthisCommonwealth.
AfterapersonhasbeenbroughtbacktothisCommonwealthby,orafterwaiverof,extradition
proceedingshemaybetriedinthisCommonwealthforothercrimeswhichhemaybecharged
withhavingcommittedhereaswellasthatspecifiedintherequisitionforhisextradition.
Section19.2117.Interpretationofarticle.
Theprovisionsofthisarticleshallbesointerpretedandconstruedastoeffectuateitsgeneral
purposestomakeuniformthelawofthosestateswhichenactstatutessimilarthereto.
Section19.2118.Shorttitle.
ThisarticlemaybecitedastheUniformCriminalExtraditionAct.
(Code1950,19.1821960,c.3661975,c.495.)
75
CODEOFVIRGINIA
SectionontheInterstate
AgreementonDetainers
Section53.1210. TheAgreementonDetainersisherebyenactedintolawandenteredintoby
thisCommonwealthwithallotherjurisdictionslegallyjoiningthereinintheformsubstantially
asfollows:
THEAGREEMENTONDETAINERS
Thecontractingstatessolemnlyagree:
ARTICLEI.
Thepartystatesfindthatchargesoutstandingagainstaprisoner,detainersbasedonuntried
indictments,informationsorcomplaints,anddifficultiesinsecuringspeedytrialsofpersons
alreadyincarceratedinotherjurisdictions,produceuncertaintieswhichobstructprogramsof
prisonertreatmentandrehabilitation.Accordingly,itisthepolicyofthepartystatesandthe
purposeofthisagreementtoencouragetheexpeditiousandorderlydispositionofsuchcharges
anddeterminationoftheproperstatusofanyandalldetainersbasedonuntriedindictments,
informationsorcomplaints.Thepartystatesalsofindthatproceedingswithreferencetosuch
chargesanddetainers,whenemanatingfromanotherjurisdiction,cannotproperlybehadinthe
absenceofcooperativeprocedures.Itisthefurtherpurposeofthisagreementtoprovidesuch
cooperativeprocedures.
Asusedinthisagreement:
ARTICLEII.
(a)"State"shallmeanastateoftheUnitedStatestheUnitedStatesofAmericaaterritoryor
possessionoftheUnitedStatestheDistrictofColumbiatheCommonwealthofPuertoRico.
(b)"Sendingstate"shallmeanastateinwhichaprisonerisincarceratedatthetimethathe
initiatesarequestforfinaldispositionpursuanttoArticleIIIhereoforatthetimethatarequest
forcustodyoravailabilityisinitiatedpursuanttoArticleIVhereof.
(c)"Receivingstate"shallmeanthestateinwhichtrialistobehadonanindictment,
informationorcomplaintpursuanttoArticleIIIorArticleIVhereof.
ARTICLEIII.
(a)Wheneverapersonhasentereduponatermofimprisonmentinapenalorcorrectional
institutionofapartystate,andwheneverduringthecontinuanceofthetermofimprisonment
thereispendinginanyotherpartystateanyuntriedindictment,informationorcomplaintonthe
basisofwhichadetainerhasbeenlodgedagainsttheprisoner,heshallbebroughttotrialwithin
180daysafterheshallhavecausedtobedeliveredtotheprosecutingofficerandtheappropriate
courtoftheprosecutingofficers'jurisdictionwritten noticeoftheplaceofhisimprisonmentand
hisrequestforafinaldispositiontobemadeoftheindictment,informationorcomplaint
providedthatforgoodcauseshowninopencourt,theprisonerorhiscounselbeingpresent,the
courthavingjurisdictionofthemattermaygrantanynecessaryorreasonablecontinuance.The
requestoftheprisonershallbeaccompaniedbyacertificateoftheappropriateofficialhaving
76
custodyoftheprisoner,statingthetermofcommitmentunderwhichtheprisonerisbeingheld,
thetimealreadyserved,thetimeremainingtobeservedonthesentence,theamountofgood
timeearned,thetimeofparoleeligibilityoftheprisoner,andanydecisionsofthestateparole
agencyrelatingtotheprisoner.
(b)Thewrittennoticeandrequestforfinaldispositionreferredtoinparagraph(a)hereofshallbe
givenorsentbytheprisonertothewarden,commissionerofcorrectionsorotherofficialhaving
custodyofhim,whoshallpromptlyforwardittogetherwiththecertificatetotheappropriate
prosecutingofficialandcourtbyregisteredorcertifiedmail,returnreceiptrequested.
(c)Thewarden,commissionerofcorrectionsorotherofficialhavingcustodyoftheprisoner
shallpromptlyinformhimofthesourceandcontentsofanydetainerlodgedagainsthimand
shallalsoinformhimofhisrighttomakearequestforfinaldispositionoftheindictment,
informationorcomplaintonwhichthedetainerisbased.
(d)Anyrequestorfinaldispositionmadebyaprisonerpursuanttoparagraph(a)hereofshall
operateasarequestforfinaldispositionofalluntriedindictments,informationsorcomplaintson
thebasisofwhichdetainershavebeenlodgedagainsttheprisonerfromthestatetowhose
prosecutingofficialtherequestforfinaldispositionisspecificallydirected.Thewarden,
commissionerofcorrectionsorotherofficialshavingcustodyoftheprisonershallforthwith
notifyallappropriateprosecutingofficersandcourtsintheseveraljurisdictionswithinthestate
towhichtheprisoner'srequestforfinaldispositionisbeingsentoftheproceedingbeinginitiated
bytheprisoner.Anynotificationsentpursuanttothisparagraphshallbeaccompaniedbycopies
oftheprisoner'swrittennotice,request,andthecertificate.Iftrialisnothadonanyindictment,
informationorcomplaintcontemplatedherebypriortothereturnoftheprisonertotheoriginal
placeofimprisonment,suchindictment,informationorcomplaintshallnotbeofanyfurther
forceoreffect,andthecourtshallenteranorderdismissingthesamewithprejudice.
(e)Anyrequestforfinaldispositionmadebyaprisonerpursuanttoparagraph(a)hereofshall
alsobedeemedtobeawaiverofextraditionwithrespecttoanychargeorproceeding
contemplatedtherebyorincludedthereinbyreasonofparagraph(d)hereof,andawaiverof
extraditiontothereceivingstatetoserveanysentencethereimposeduponhim,aftercompletion
ofhistermofimprisonmentinthesendingstate.Therequestforfinaldispositionshallalso
constituteconsentbytheprisonertotheproductionofhisbodyinanycourtwherehispresence
mayberequiredinordertoeffectuatethepurposesofthisagreementandafurtherconsent
voluntarilytobereturnedtotheoriginalplaceofimprisonmentinaccordancewiththeprovisions
ofthisagreement.Nothinginthisparagraphshallpreventtheimpositionofaconcurrent
sentenceifotherwisepermittedbylaw.
(f)Escapefromcustodybytheprisonersubsequenttohisexecutionoftherequestforfinal
dispositionreferredtoinparagraph(a)hereofshallvoidtherequest.
ARTICLEIV.
(a)Theappropriateofficerofthejurisdictioninwhichanuntriedindictment,informationor
complaintispendingshallbeentitledtohaveaprisoneragainstwhomhehaslodgedadetainer
andwhoisservingatermofimprisonmentinanypartystatemadeavailableinaccordancewith
ArticleV(a)hereofuponpresentationofawrittenrequestfortemporarycustodyoravailability
totheappropriateauthoritiesofthestateinwhichtheprisonerisincarceratedprovidedthatthe
courthavingjurisdictionofsuchindictment,informationorcomplaintshallhavedulyapproved,
recordedandtransmittedtherequestandprovidedfurtherthatthereshallbeaperiodofthirty
daysafterreceiptbytheappropriateauthoritiesbeforetherequestbehonored,withinwhich
77
periodthegovernorofthesendingstatemaydisapprovetherequestfortemporarycustodyor
availability,eitheruponhisownmotionoruponmotionoftheprisoner.
(b)Uponreceiptoftheofficer'swrittenrequestasprovidedinparagraph(a)hereof,the
appropriateauthoritieshavingtheprisonerincustodyshallfurnishtheofficerwithacertificate
statingthetermofcommitmentunderwhichtheprisonerisbeingheld,thetimealreadyserved,
thetimeremainingtobeservedonthesentence,theamountofgoodtimeearned,thetimeof
paroleeligibilityoftheprisoner,andanydecisionsofthestateparoleagencyrelatingtothe
prisoner.Saidauthoritiessimultaneouslyshallfurnishallotherofficersandappropriatecourtsin
thereceivingstatewhohavelodgeddetainersagainsttheprisonerwithsimilarcertificatesand
withnoticesinformingthemoftherequestforcustodyoravailabilityandofthereasonstherefor.
(c)Inrespectofanyproceedingmadepossiblebythisarticle,trialshallbecommencedwithin
120daysofthearrivaloftheprisonerinthereceivingstate,butforgoodcauseshowninopen
court,theprisonerorhiscounselbeingpresent,thecourthavingjurisdictionofthemattermay
grantanynecessaryorreasonablecontinuance.
(d)Nothingcontainedinthisarticleshallbeconstruedtodepriveanyprisonerofanyrightwhich
hemayhavetocontestthelegalityofhisdeliveryasprovidedinparagraph(a)hereof,butsuch
deliverymaynotbeopposedordeniedonthegroundthattheexecutiveauthorityofthesending
statehasnotaffirmativelyconsentedtoororderedsuchdelivery.
(e)Iftrialisnothadonanyindictment,informationorcomplaintcontemplatedherebypriorto
theprisoner'sbeingreturnedtotheoriginalplaceofimprisonmentpursuanttoArticleV(e)
hereof,suchindictment,informationorcomplaintshallnotbeofanyfurtherforceoreffect,and
thecourtshallenteranorderdismissingthesamewithprejudice.
ARTICLEV.
(a)InresponsetoarequestmadeunderArticleIIIorArticleIVhereof,theappropriateauthority
inasendingstateshalloffertodelivertemporarycustodyofsuchprisonertotheappropriate
authorityinthestatewheresuchindictment,informationorcomplaintispendingagainstsuch
personinorderthatspeedyandefficientprosecutionmaybehad.Iftherequestforfinal
dispositionismadebytheprisoner,theofferof temporarycustodyshallaccompanythewritten
noticeprovidedforinArticleIIIofthisagreement.Inthecaseofafederalprisoner,the
appropriateauthorityinthereceivingstateshallbeentitledtotemporarycustodyasprovidedby
thisagreementor totheprisoner'spresenceinfederalcustodyattheplaceoftrial,whichever
custodialarrangementmaybeapprovedbythecustodian.
(b)Theofficerorotherrepresentativeofastateacceptinganofferoftemporarycustodyshall
presentthefollowingupondemand:
(1)Properidentificationandevidenceofhisauthoritytoactforthestateintowhosetemporary
custodytheprisoneristobegiven.
(2)Adulycertifiedcopyoftheindictment,informationorcomplaintonthebasisofwhichthe
detainerhasbeenlodgedandonthebasisofwhichtherequestfortemporarycustodyofthe
prisonerhasbeenmade.
(c)Iftheappropriateauthorityshallrefuseorfailtoaccepttemporarycustodyofsaidperson,or
intheeventthatanactionontheindictment,informationorcomplaintonthebasisofwhichthe
detainerhasbeenlodgedisnotbroughttotrialwithintheperiodprovidedinArticleIIIorArticle
IVhereof,theappropriatecourtofthejurisdictionwheretheindictment,informationor
complainthasbeenpendingshallenteranorderdismissingthesamewithprejudice,andany
detainerbasedthereonshallceasetobeofanyforceoreffect.
78
(d)Thetemporarycustodyreferredtointhisagreementshallbeonlyforthepurposeof
permittingprosecution onthechargeorchargescontainedinoneormoreuntriedindictments,
informationsorcomplaintswhichformthebasisofthedetainerordetainersorforprosecution
onanyotherchargeorchargesarisingoutofthesametransaction.Exceptforhisattendanceat
courtandwhilebeingtransportedtoorfromanyplaceatwhichhispresencemayberequired,
theprisonershallbeheldinasuitablejailorotherfacilityregularlyusedforpersonsawaiting
prosecution.
(e)Attheearliestpracticabletimeconsonantwiththepurposesofthisagreement,theprisoner
shallbereturnedtothesendingstate.
(f)Duringthecontinuanceortemporarycustodyorwhiletheprisonerisotherwisebeingmade
availablefortrialasrequiredbythisagreement,timebeingservedonthesentenceshallcontinue
torunbutgoodtimeshallbeearnedbytheprisoneronlyif,andtotheextentthat,thelawand
practiceofthejurisdictionwhichimposedthesentencemayallow.
(g)Forallpurposesotherthanthatforwhichtemporarycustodyasprovidedinthisagreementis
exercised,theprisonershallbedeemedtoremaininthecustodyofandsubjecttothejurisdiction
ofthesendingstateandanyescapefromtemporarycustodymaybedealtwithinthesame
mannerasanescapefromtheoriginalplaceofimprisonmentorinanyothermannerpermitted
bylaw.
(h)Fromthetimethatapartystatereceivescustodyofaprisonerpursuanttothisagreement
untilsuchprisonerisreturnedtotheterritoryandcustodyofthesendingstate, thestateinwhich
theoneormoreuntriedindictments,informationsorcomplaintsarependingorinwhichtrialis
beinghadshallberesponsiblefortheprisonerandshallalsopayallcostsoftransporting,caring
for,keepingandreturningtheprisoner.Theprovisionsofthisparagraphshallgovernunlessthe
statesconcernedshallhaveenteredintoasupplementaryagreementprovidingforadifferent
allocationofcostsandresponsibilitiesasbetweenoramongthemselves.Nothingherein
containedshallbeconstruedtoalteroraffectanyinternalrelationshipamongthedepartments,
agenciesandofficersofandinthegovernmentofapartystate,orbetweenapartystateandits
subdivisions,astothepaymentofcosts,orresponsibilitiestherefor.
ARTICLEVI.
(a)IndeterminingthedurationandexpirationdatesofthetimeperiodsprovidedinArticlesIII
andIVofthisagreement,therunningofsaidtimeperiodsshallbetolledwheneverandforas
longastheprisonerisunabletostandtrial,asdeterminedbythecourthavingjurisdictionofthe
matter.
(b)Noprovisionofthisagreement,andnoremedymadeavailablebythisagreement,shallapply
toanypersonwhoisadjudgedtobementallyill.
ARTICLEVII.
Eachstatepartytothisagreementshalldesignateanofficerwho,actingjointlywithlikeofficers
ofotherpartystates,shallpromulgaterulesandregulationstocarryoutmoreeffectivelythe
termsandprovisionsofthisagreement,andwhoshallprovide,withinandwithoutthestate,
informationnecessarytotheeffectiveoperationofthisagreement.
ARTICLEVIII.
Thisagreementshallenterintofullforceandeffectastoapartystatewhensuchstatehas
enactedthesameintolaw.Astatepartytothisagreementmaywithdrawherefrombyenactinga
79
statuterepealingthesame.However,thewithdrawalofanystateshallnotaffectthestatusofany
proceedingsalreadyinitiatedbyinmatesorbystateofficersatthetimesuchwithdrawaltakes
effect,norshallitaffecttheirrightsin respectthereof.
ARTICLEIX.
Thisagreementshallbeliberallyconstruedsoastoeffectuateitspurposes.Theprovisionsofthis
agreementshallbeseverableandifanyphrase,clause,sentenceorprovisionofthisagreementis
declaredtobecontrary totheconstitutionofanypartystateoroftheUnitedStatesorthe
applicabilitythereoftoanygovernment,agency,personorcircumstanceisheldinvalid,the
validityoftheremainderofthisagreementandtheapplicabilitythereoftoanygovernment,
agency,personorcircumstanceshallnotbeaffectedthereby.Ifthisagreementshallbeheld
contrarytotheconstitutionofanystatepartyhereto,theagreementshallremaininfullforceand
effectastotheremainingstatesandinfullforceandeffectastothestateaffectedastoall
severablematters.
80
APPENDIXF
TERMINOLOGY
81
TERMINOLOGY
A. Definitions
1. ApplicationforRequisition theformalwrittenrequestformtheprosecutortotheGovernor
forarequisitionontheGovernoroftheasylumstateforthereturnofafugitive
2. AsylumState wherethefugitiveordefendanthastakenrefugeorisfound
3. DemandingState thestatewhichseekstoextraditethefugitive
4. Detainerrequestornoticefiledbyaprosecutororotherlawenforcementauthoritywiththe
wardenorjailerwhereaprisonerisincarcerated,askingthattheprisonerbeheldfor
prosecutionorthattheauthoritybenotifiedwhenreleaseoftheprisonerisimminent
5. ExtraditableOffenseanycriminaloffense,felony ormisdemeanor,althoughsomestatesdo
notextraditeforamisdemeanorregardlessofwhethertheoffenseisacrimeintheasylum
state
6. Extradition thesurrender,byonenationorstatetoanother,ofanindividualaccusedor
convictedofanoffenseoutsideitsownterritoryandwithintheterritorialjurisdictionofthe
other,whichbeingcompetenttotryandpunishhim,demandsthesurrender
7. FugitiveorFugitivefromJusticepersonaccusedorconvictedofacrimeinonestateand
laterfoundinanotherstate,regardlessofthemannerorreasonforhis/herdeparturefromthe
firststate
8. FugitiveAffidavit thedemandingstatesprosecutorsverifiedapplicationtohisGovernor
requestingthatGovernortoissuearequisitionwarrantforthereturn ofafugitive
9. FugitiveComplaintthedocumentfiledintheasylumstate,priortoreceiptofthe
GovernorsWarrant,thatchargesthepersonarrestedwithbeingafugitivefromjustice
10. FugitiveWarrant thearrestwarrantissuedbyajudgeormagistrate,priortoreceiptofthe
Governorswarrant,authorizingthearrestanddetentionofthefugitivependingreceiptofthe
Governorswarrant
11. GovernororExecutiveorExecutiveAuthority anypersonperformingthefunctionsof
Governorunderstatelaw
12. GovernorsWarrantorGovernorsWarrantofRendition thewarrantissuedbythe
Governoroftheasylumstateforthearrestanddetentionoftheaccuseduntiltheagentofthe
demandingstatearrivestoreturntheaccusedtothedemandingstate
82
13. Magistrate anyjudgeorpersoncertifiedtobeamagistrateunderthelawsofthedemanding

state
14. Rendition thereturnoftheaccusedtothedemandingstate
15. NCICMessageateletypeproductfromtheNationalCrimeInformationCenter(NCIC),a
nationwideserviceavailabletoalllawenforcementagencies,conveyinginformationrelevant
tocriminalsandcriminaloffenses
16. RenditionWarrant aGovernorsWarrantoraGovernorsWarrantofRendition
17. Requisition theformalrequestmadebytheGovernorofthedemandingstateonthe
Governoroftheasylumstateforextraditionoftheaccused,andonwhichtheGovernors
warrantisbased
18. RequisitionWarrant therequestfromonegovernortoanotherseekingtheextraditionofan
individual
19. WaiverofExtradition theintentionalrelinquishmentbytheaccusedofhisorherrightto
theissuanceandserviceofaGovernorsrenditionwarrant,andconsenttobetransportedto
thedemandingstate
B. Acronyms
1. IADInterstateAgreementonDetainers
2. NCICNational CrimeInformationCenter
3. UAOPSUniformActforOutofStateParoleeSupervision
4. UCEA UniformCriminalExtraditionAct
5. UIFSA UniformInterstateFamilySupportAct
6. UICJUniformInterstateCompactonJuveniles
7. URESA UniformReciprocalEnforcementofSupportAct
8. U.S.C. UnitedStatesCode
9. U.S.C.A.UnitedStatesCodeAnnotated
83
APPENDIXG
ForInternationalExtraditionspleasecontact:
TheOfficeofInternationalAffairs
CriminalDivision
UnitedStatesDepartmentofJustice
Everyextraditiontreatyisnegotiatedseparately,andeachcontainsdifferentprovisions.The
firststepinanyinternationalfugitivecaseshouldbetocontactOIA. 2025140000
84
VirginiaExtraditionOfficials
TheHonorableRobertF.McDonnell
GovernoroftheCommonwealthofVirginia
PatrickHenryBuilding,3rd Floor
1111E.BroadStreet
TheHonorableJanetV.Polarek
PatrickHenryBuilding,4th Floor
1111E.BroadStreet
TheHonorableChristieHeath
DeputySecretaryoftheCommonwealth
1111E.BroadStreet
PatriciaB.Tucker
DirectorofExtradition
SecretaryoftheCommonwealthsOffice
1111E.BroadStreet
Mailingaddress:
PostOfficeBox2454
Phone:
(804)7869433
Fax:
(804)7861418
Email:patricia.tucker@governor.virginia.gov
Pleasesend anoriginalandtwocopiesof allextraditiondocuments

andattachments directlytoPatriciaTucker.
85
OfficeoftheAttorneyGeneral
MichaelParsons
AssistantAttorneyGeneral
Extraditions&
Interstate Agreementon DetainersAdministrator
900EastMainStreet
Phone:
(804)7860046
Fax:
(804)7864239
Email:
jparsons@oag.state.va.us
SupremeCourtofVirginia
JohnRickman
MaryGilbert
DepartmentofFiscalServices
100N.9th St.
3rd Floor
Richmond23219
Phone:
8047866455
Fax:
8047860196
Email:
mgilbert@courts.state.va.us
VirginiaDepartmentofCorrections
VirginiaDepartmentofCorrections
6900AtmoreDrive
P.O.Box26963
Richmond23261
JamesSisk
Manger,OffenderReleaseServices
Phone:8046743046ext.1651
Email:james.sisk@vadoc.virginia.gov
TerryWard
DetainerCoordinator/OffenderReleaseServices
Phone: 8046743165
Email:Terry.Ward@VADOC.Virginia.Gov
86
JulieLohman
VirginiaInterstateCompactCoordinator&
PostReleaseUnitSupervisor
Phone:8046743072ext.1733
VOIP#82041733
Fax: 8046743523
VAICUSharepointSitehttp://docapps9/community/Interstate/default.aspx
Email:Julie.Lohman@vadoc.virginia.gov
87
88
89
90

Virginia Extradition Manual 2011

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Virginia Extradition Manual 2011

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Virginia Extradition Manual

13. Magistrate anyjudgeorpersoncertifiedtobeamagistrateunderthelawsofthedemanding

Pleasesend anoriginalandtwocopiesof allextraditiondocuments

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen