04/07/2016

MusthaveLoadcasesforstressanalysisofatypicalpipingsystemusingCaesarIIWhatisPiping

MusthaveLoadcasesforstressanalysisofatypicalpipingsystemusing
CaesarII
June18,2016 25Comments

92

Themainobjectivesofstressanalysisistoensure
A. Structural Integrity (Design adequacy for the pressure of the carrying
fluid,Failure against various loading in the life cycle and Limiting stresses below
codeallowable.)
B. Operational Integrity (Limiting nozzle loads of the connected equipment within
allowable values, Avoiding leakage at joints, Limiting sagging & displacement
withinallowablevalues.)

C. Optimal Design (Avoiding excessive flexibility and also high loads on

supporting structures. Aim towards an optimal design for both piping and
structure.)
To meet these objectives several load cases are required during stress
analysis. This article will guide all the beginners with the methodology to build
severalloadcaseswhichwillberequiredforstressanalysis.
Inthisarticlewewillusefollowingnotationsforbuildingloadcases:
WW=water
filled weight of
pipingsystem,
HP=HydrotestPressure,
W=weightofpipeincludingcontentandinsulation,
P1=InternalDesignpressure,
T1=Operatingtemperature,
T2=Maximumtemperature,
T3=Minimumtemperature,
WIN1,WIN2,WIN3ANDWIN4:windloadsactinginsomespecificdirection,
U1,U2,U3ANDU4:uniform(seismic)loadsactinginsomespecificdirection.
Whileanalysisataminimumthestresscheckisrequiredforthebelowmentionedcases:
a.Hydrotestingcase:Pipelinesarenormallyhydrotestedbeforeactualoperationtoensureabsenceofleakage.Waterisusedasthetesting
medium.Soduringthissituationpipewillbesubjectedtowaterweightandhydrotestpressure.
AccordinglyourfirstloadcaseinCaesarIIwillbeasmentionedbelow
1.WW+HPHYD
b. Operating case: When operation starts working fluid will flow through the piping at a temperature and pressure. So accordingly our
operatingloadcaseswillbeasmentionedbelow:
2.W+T1+P1OPEforoperatingtemperaturecase
3.W+T2+P1OPEformaximumsystemtemperaturecase
4.W+T3+P1OPEforminimumsystemtemperaturecase
c. Sustained Case: Sustained loads will exist throughout the plant operation. Weight and pressure are known as sustained loads. So our
sustainedloadcasewillbeasfollows:
5.W+P1SUS
d.OccasionalCases:Pipingmaybesubjectedtooccassionalwindandseismicforces.Sotocheckstressesinthosesituationswehaveto
buildthe
followingloadcases:
6.W+T1+P1+WIN1OPEConsideringwindfrom+Xdirection
7.W+T1+P1+WIN2OPEConsideringwindfromXdirection
8.W+T1+P1+WIN3OPEConsideringwindfrom+Zdirection
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04/07/2016

MusthaveLoadcasesforstressanalysisofatypicalpipingsystemusingCaesarIIWhatisPiping

9.W+T1+P1+WIN4OPEConsideringwindfromZdirection
10.W+T1+P1+U1OPEConsideringseismicfrom+Xdirection
11.W+T1+P1U1OPEConsideringseismicfromXdirection
12W+T1+P1+U2OPEConsideringseismicfrom+Zdirection
13W+T1+P1U2OPEConsideringseismicfromZdirection
Whilestressanalysistheaboveloadcasesformloadcase6toloadcase13isgeneratedonlytocheckloadsatnodepoints.
To find occasional stresses we need to add pure occassional cases with sustained load and then compare with code allowable values.
Followingsetsofloadcasesarebuiltforthatpurpose.
14.L6L2OCCPurewindfrom+Xdirection
15.L7L2OCCPurewindfromXdirection
16.L8L2OCCPurewindfrom+Zdirection
17.L9L2OCCPurewindfromZdirection
18.L10L2OCCPureseismicfrom+Xdirection
19.L11L2OCCPureseismicfromXdirection
20.L12L2OCCPureseismicfrom+Zdirection
21.L13L2OCCPureseismicfromZdirection
22.L14+L5OCCPurewind+Sustained
23.L15+L5OCCPurewind+Sustained
24.L16+L5OCCPurewind+Sustained
25.L17+L5OCCPurewind+Sustained
26.L18+L5OCCPureseismic+Sustained
27.L19+L5OCCPureseismic+Sustained
28.L20+L5OCCPureseismic+Sustained
29.L21+L5OCCPureseismic+Sustained
Load cases from 22 to 29 will be used for checking occasional stresses with respect to code B 31.3 allowable (=1.33 times Sh value from
code).Usescalarcombinationforloadcases22to29aboveandalgebraiccombinationforothersasshowninfigureattachedbelow:
e.ExpansionCase:Followingloadcasesarerequiredforcheckingexpansionstressrangeaspercode
30.L2L5EXP
31.L3L5EXP
32.L4L5EXP
33.L3L4EXPforcompletestressrange
Theaboveloadcases(from30to33)areusedtocheckexpansionstress
The above mentioned load cases are minimum required load cases to analysis any stress system. Out of the above load cases the load
casesmentionedinpointnumber1,5,and2233areusedforstresscheck.Andloadcasesmentionedinpointnumber1to13areusedfor
checkingrestraintforces,displacementsandnozzleloadchecking.
FewadditionalloadcasesmayberequiredforPSVconnectedsystems,Rotaryequipmentconnectedsystems.
SeismicandWindanalysismaynotberequiredeverytime.Sothoseloadcasescanbedeletedifthepipingsystemdoesnotfallunderthe
purviewofseismicandwindanalysisbyprojectspecification.Howevertoperformwindandseismicanalysisproperrelateddatamusthave
tobeenteredinCaesarIIspreadsheet(Willbediscussedinmyfutureposts).
Ifthestresssysteminvolvesuseofimposeddisplacements(D)andforces(F)thenthosehavetobeaddedwiththeaboveloadcasesinthe
formofD1,D2orF1,F2asapplicable.
Itisabetterpracticetokeep
1.Hydroandsustainedstressesbelow60%ofcodeallowable
2.Expansionandoccasionalstressesbelow80%ofcodeallowable
3.Sustainedsaggingbelow10mmforprocesslinesandbelow3mmforsteam,twophaseandflarelines
4.Design/Maximumdisplacementbelow75mmforunitpipingandbelow200mminrackpiping.

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