ay Designation: D 575 - 91 Standard Test Methods for Rubber Properties in Compres: nt This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 575; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of ‘orginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the yar of las seapproval, A superscript epsilon (.) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reaporoval. 1. Scope 1.1 These test methods describe two test procedures for determining the compression-deflection characteristics of rubber compounds other than those usually classified as hard rubber and sponge rubber. 1.2. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 13183 Practice for Rubber—Preparation of Pieces for Test Purposes from Products? 13767 Practice for Rubber—Measurement of Dimen- sions? 14483 Practice for Determining Precision for Test Method Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Industries? E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines? 3. Summary of Test Methods 3.1. These tests constitute one kind of compression stiff ness measurement. Deflection is the change in thickness of the specimen upon application of a compressive force. The two different procedures are as follows: 3.1.1 Test Method A. Compression Test of Specified Deflection—A compression test in which the force required to cause a specified deflection is determined. 3.1.2 Test Method B. Compression Test at Specified Force—A compression test in which the specified mass or compressive force is placed on the specimen and the re- sulting deflection is measured and recorded, 4. Significance and Use 4.1 These test methods are useful in comparing stiffness of rubber materials in compression. They can be used by rubber technologists to aid in development of materials for compres- sive applications. "These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commitee D-11 on Rubber and are the diectresponsbity of Subcommitiee DII-10-on Physica Testing Current edition approved March 15, 1991. Published May 1991, Originally Jssued in 1940. Last previous edition D 575 ~ 88. 2 Annual Book of ASTM Standard, Vol 0.01 2 Annual Book of ASTM Standard, Vol 0301 107 5. Apparatus 5.1 Compression Testing Mackine—A. compression test- ing machine conforming to the requirements of Practices E 4, and having a rate of head travel of 12 + 3 mm/m (0.5 + 0.1 in./min), may be used for either type of test. Any other type machine that will meet these requirements may be used. For example, a platform scale equipped with a yoke over the platform and a hand-operated screw to apply the force will serve if it will conform to the requirements prescribed for accuracy and rate of travel. Compression tests at specified forces may be performed on any machine that applies minor and major forces gently, without impact, or by placing specified masses gently on the specimen. The machine shall be equipped to permit measurement of the deflection caused by the increase from minor force to major force. 5.2 Deflection Gage—The deflection shall be read on a gage of dial type graduated in hundredths of millimetres (or thousands of an inch), 5.3 Micrometer—The thickness of the specimen shall be measured in accordance with Test Method A of Practice D 3767. 6. Test Specimens 6.1 The test may be performed either on rubber products or on standard test specimens, as specified, Nove 1—Comparable results are obtained only when tests are made fon specimens of exactly the same size and shape, tested to the same percentage deflection or tested under the same force 6.2 Standard test specimens shall be 28.6 + 0.1 mm (1.129 + 0.005 in.) in diameter (650 mm? (1.000 in.2) in area) and 12.5 + 0.5 mm (0.49 + 0.02 in.) in thickness, from which all molded surface layers have been removed. 7. Preparation of Specimens 7.1 The standard test specimens may be prepared as follows: A slab about 13 mm (0.51 in.) in thickness may be cut from a product or may be molded from the same compound used in the preparation of the product and ground on both sides to obtain smooth parallel surfaces and the standard thickness of 12.5 + 0.5 mm (0.49 + 0.02 in.), The grinding shall be carried out as prescribed in Section 5 of Practice D 3183 and shall be done without overheating the rubber. The specimens may then be cut from the slabs by means of a suitable rotating hollow cutting tool similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1. In cutting the specimen, the die shall be suitably rotated in’a drill press or similar device and lubricated with soapy water so that a smooth-cut surface having square edges is obtained. The cutting pressure shall be kept sufficiently low to avoid “cupping” of the cut surface,4h D575 TABLE 1 Program 1, 1983 Precision, ‘Type 1 Precision—Method & (kPa)? TABLE 3 Program 2, 1989 Precision, ‘Type 1 Precision—Method A (kPa) Nore—Sr = repeatabity standard deviation, n measurement units NNore—Sr = repeataity standaré deviation in measurement units, r= repeatabty, in measurement units, = tepeatabilty, n measurement uns, (0), = repestabity, (lative) percent, (0, = repeataity, (rave) percent, [SR = reproduobily standard devation, in measurement units, ‘SR. reproduc standard deviation, in measurement uns, = repreducbity 9 measurement wis, and R= reprodvebity, in massuroment ust, and ()_= repreducbity (lative) percent. (A) = reproouobaty(eatve) percent. (Pa) Within Laboratories Betwoen Laboratories ‘Average Within Laborstores Between Laboratories Material Average ————— Mae “Lee errr lot Sr) SRR ee No eGeuy 1106282 708 +72 404 va 103 NARS wie g08 689 70 744 aN 252 No.2EPOM 1731-928 263 152 699 198 11.9 cr 1012 48 419 41 727 205 203 No.1 SBR HG 415 1767-773. 219.125 SBR 1528185 524 34501 187 110 in 1564 188 592 94 120 940 217 Pocied average) 1528 «60.9 172 118 648 182 119 ® wea 404 116 68 792 228132 valves POM 228451 128 58 179 S07 228 ‘SIR20 2591620 175 88 205 583 225 7 Tree abraanespartcpatng ae al Pooled average) 1698-962 102631185 98S 205 vues 14.4 For the 1989 program seven materials were tested in nine laboratories on two separate days. 14.4.1 The results of the precision calculations for repeat- ability and reproducibility are given in Table(s) I to 4, in ascending order of material average or level, for each of the materials evaluated. Tables | and 2 are for the 1983 program (No. 1), and Tables 3 and 4 are for the 1989 program (No. 2). 14.5 The precision of this test method may be expressed in the format of the following statements that use an “appropriate value” of r, R, (1), or (R), to be used in decisions about test results, The appropriate value is that value of r or R associated with a mean level in the precision tables closest to the mean level under consideration at any given time, for any given material in routine testing operations. 146 Repeatability—The repeatability, r, of this test ‘method has been established as the appropriate value tabu- lated in the precision tables. Two single test results, obtained under normal test method procedures, that differ by more than this tabulated r (for any given level) must be considered as derived from different or non-identical sample popula- tions. 14.7 Reproducibility—The reproducibility, R, of this test ‘method has been established as the appropriate value tabu- lated in precision tables. Two single test results obtained in two different laboratories, under normal test method proce- dures, that differ by more than the tabulated R (for any given level) must be considered to have come from different or TABLE 2 Program 1, 1983 Precision, * ‘Type 1 Precision—Method B (% DEF) Nore—Sr = repeatabity standard deviation, in messurement units, = repeataity, in measurement units, “ Nine aboratories participating kPa = ps B88. non-identical sample populations. 148 Repeatability and reproducibitity expressed as a percentage of the mean level, (r) and (R), have equivalent application statements as above for r and R. For the (7) and (R) statements, the difference in the two single test results is expressed as a percentage of the arithmetic mean of the two test results 14.9 The user of this test method should give greater em- phasis to Program 2 (1989) precision results. This 1989 pro- gram was substantially more comprehensive and the results are more typical of the current status of this test method, 14.10 Bias—In test method terminology, bias is the difference between an average test value and the reference (or irue) test property value. Reference values do not exist for this test method since the value (of the test property) is exclusively defined by this test method, Bias therefore cannot be determined. 15. Keywords 15.1 rubber in compression TABLE 4 Program 2, 1989 Precision, ‘Type 1 Precision—Method B Nore—Sr = repeatabity standard deviation, n measurement uns, = tepeatably,n measurement units (0) repeatabity (relative) perce. ‘eproduobilystendars deviation, in measurement units, ‘eproductity, measurement uns, and resuctity (eave) parcont (©) = repeatabty, (lative) percon, “Average Within Laboatonos — Batwoen Laboratories ‘SR = reproductbity standard deviation, in measurement unis, Matert “Love To = reproduc. in measurement units, and sos) SR OR (8) ~ repreducity(eatve) percent 520 oa 0207 058 85 0so7 160 288 “average Win Laboratories Between Laboraton POM 290 024 070 7.8 0658 186 209 Matera Se tn 942 0252 O71 78 150 424 450 tes sr iB 107 0218 082 58 O71 201 188 No.1 S8R 30 4a) S14 87 108 391 109 son M18 0207 O67 58 162 459 394 No.2EPOM «371 116-328 89 257 727 197 ca 1730483 123 7:1 195 383 222 No.3ClBuy «437-078-220 $1 203 B74 192 NARs 2068 0561 159 77 (166 «471 228 Pooled average) 989 103-281 78 205 Sao 149 Pocled average) 124 0534 O94 78 127 S60 281 valves values “Three laboratories paispatng 109 * nine laboratories partepating,@) D575 ‘Te American Society fr Testing and Materials takes no pation respecting the vat of any patent rights asserted in connection ‘wih ary tem mentioned inthis standard, Users ofthis standard are expressly advised that defination ofthe vay of any such patent rhs, andthe risk of infingement of such right, are entirely ther own responsi. This standard is subject fo revision at any time by the respensite technical committee and must be reviowod every fe years and net revise, either eaporoved or wits, Your comments are invited ether for rovisin of thi standard or or adtionlstandares ‘and shoul be agdressed fo ASTM Headquarters. Your comments wil ecelve careful consideration ata meating of the responsible {echnical commitee, which you may attend If yeu fel that your comments have nt received afar hearing you should make your views known tthe ASTM Commitee on Standards, 1916 Race St, Philadelphia, PA 19108. 110