Seria

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Equipment
General Design Life, Condenser Mode, Noise Limit
Operation Capability of the generating Unit Frequency Range,
Automatic Frequency control Mode
Turbine Runaway speed, Critical Speed, TCL, Design Life
Governing System Oil Volume
EOT Crane Number of crane, Control requirement
Cooling Water System Penstock tapping Limit
Dewatering and Drainage System Dewatering pump capacity,
Interconnection of drainage and dewatering sump
Compressed air System CAS for Condenser mode operation
Powerhouse Lift Min one lift
Fire Protection System - Nitrogen for transformer, capacity of overhead
tank, Capacity of Fire Pump
Electrical System
General Ambient temp, relative humidity, frequency and voltage
variation
Generator Insulation class, Stress, Current limit, Inertia constant,
Bearing, Fire Protection
BUS Duct Type Current limit
Neutral Grounding Transformer Instrument transformer Type
Condition monitoring Air gap, Vibration Monitoring
Excitation System Type, capacity, No of bridge, PIV
GSU Transformer Type of cooling, No of coolers, Tap Changer, Online
DGA, Short circuit withstand Test
Unit Auxiliary and Station Auxiliary AC Supply System Unit
Auxiliary No of UAT, Essential Load,Essential Load
Station Auxiliary - Diversity Factor, No of SST, Type of Protective relay
DC Supply - Capacity, Location
Grounding System Design Life, Provision of Measurement
Illumination Type of fixtures
Power and Control cable - Type of cable
Protection System
Control and Protection System Optical / Copper Cable, Backup of
UPS, DC Backup
Protection against Flood No. of Pumps, Location at MIV floor,
Location of control Panel.

Note: - Specification for Hydro Power Plant Starts from Page no. 44.

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Mechanical
Auxiliaries

TECHNICAL STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC GENERATING

STATIONS
A. General
Civil Works design life - 100 years.
Electromechanical generating equipment Turbine, generator, transformer, generator,
auxiliaries etc. design life - 35 years.
The generating unit of size 50 MW or higher shall be capable of operation in synchronous
condenser mode.
Noise limit from operation of machine 90dB at a distance of 1m.
B. Operating Capability of the generating Unit
The unit and all associated auxiliaries frequency range - - 5% to +3%.
All the equipment driven by electric motors shall give their rated performance even at power
supply frequency of 47.5%.
The design of the equipment control system shall participation of the unit in automatic
frequency control mode.
The units and auxiliaries shall be designed for operate for the silt level based on the historical
water inflow data of the river.
C. Turbine
Turbine shall be designed to withstand runaway speed for 15 minutes.
Critical speed shall be 25% higher than maximum runaway speed.
TCL for Pelton Turbine shall be at least 3m above TWLmax.
Guide vanes, Runner discharge ring, Other Hydraulic passages shall be designed for a
life of 8000Hrs against excessive cavitation.
D. Governing System
Separate OPU system shall be used for control of Turbine and control of MIV.
The oil volume below its machine shut down level shall be sufficient to perform 3 full
operations of the servomotor (Close- Open- close) with oil pumps out of operation.
E. EOT Crane
TWO cranes shall be used if weight of heaviest package exceeds 300T.
VVVF control for cranes of capacity > 100T.
F. Cooling Water System
Penstock tapping shall be generally avoided.
Penstock tapping shall not be considered for penstock pressure > 10Kg/cm2.
G. Dewatering and Drainage system
Dewatering pump capacity shall be chosen such as to dewater single unit in 6 hours
without raising the level in the sump with all pumps in operation.
The drainage and dewatering sump shall be interconnected by means of gate valve and
non-return valve which allows flow of water from drainage sump to dewatering sump only.
Operation possible from Turbine floor.
H. Compressed Air System
A separate compressed air system shall be provided, wherever required, for depressing the
water level for condenser mode operation.
I. Powerhouse Lift
Minimum one lift besides two stairs shall be provided for movement of persons and goods.
J. Fire Protection System

Transformers or reactors of >10MVA or oil filled transformers of oil capacity >2000litres shall
be provided with automatic HVWS or nitrogen injection based fire protection.
Transformers or reactors of >220KV may be provided with nitrogen injection based fire
protection in addition to automatic HVWS.
Capacity of Overhead Water Tank shall be adequate to meet the fire water requirement of one
Generator Transformer for 40 minutes plus operation of one hydrant for 60 minutes.
Two numbers of Fire Pumps each capable of pumping water to fill the overhead tank in 6
hours shall be provided.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
K.

General
For Design Purpose- Ambient Temp. - 40C or higher & Relative humidity of 95%.
Frequency variation: -5% to +3%.
The overall system shall be designed considering maximum voltage variation and combined
variation of voltage and frequency.
Telecommunication shall be based on OFC or PLCC or both. Owner, RLDCs and
Transmission Company shall have compatible communication protocol.
L. Generator / Motor
Insulation of Stator and Rotor Class F (155C), Temp rise limited to Class B (130C).
The generator shall be capable of safely withstanding maximum stresses During normal operation
Runaway speed condition
Two & Three Phase short circuit condition, Single Phase fault
180 and 120 out of Phase synchronization
Magnetic unbalance with 50% of the poles short circuited within the speed range 1.3
times the rated speed.
Brake application etc.
Stator slot current limit: 3000 6000A, Individual coil current limit: 3000A.
Inertia constant of machine shall be selected such that it must not cause machine natural
frequency to be in resonance with the expected frequency of draft tube surges. Margin of
approx. 25% should be maintained.
Bearings:
Temperature Rise limit - Thrust Bearing Metal : 80C
Temperature Rise limit - Guide Bearing : 70C
Fire Protection: Water Based for Underground, Either CO2 based or Water based for
surface.
M. BUS Duct
Isolated Phase type for current >3150A.
Continuous Isolated Phase type for current >6000A.
For IPBD: Hot air blowing system or Air Pressurization system to prevent moisture
deposition.
N. Generator Neutral Grounding Terminal Equipment

O.

P.

Q.

R.

All large hydroelectric machines having a wye connected star winding with the neutral brought
out of the machine shall be grounded via a high resistance circuit consisting of a single
phase grounding transformer.
A resistor shall be connected across the secondary of the Grounding Transformer.
Instrument Transformers
CT shall be window type.
PT shall be located in separate cubicles for each phase and mounted in withdraw able
cabinets.
Surge Capacitors shall be provided in same cubicle with PT with suitable barriers.
Online Condition Monitoring Systems of generator
For generating Units larger than 100 MW: Air gap monitoring A uniform air gap below a
tolerance of + 10% shall be maintained.
For generating Units larger than 100 MW: Vibration Monitoring Vibration of rotor and
bearing shaft shall be monitored online.
Excitation System
Static high initial response rectifier excitation system shall be used.
Capacity shall be to supply
1.1 times the excitation current and voltage required by the generator at its
maximum continuous output and 100% rated voltage.
Twice the excitation current required by the machine at its maximum continuous
output and 110% of rated voltage for 1 minute.
For a sustained generator terminal voltage of 5%: Capable of changing from rated field
voltage to 90% of ceiling voltage within 25 milliseconds.
Rectifier Bridge
One number bridge always redundant.
With failure of two bridge operation possible at reduced voltage.
PIV not less than 4 times of maximum RMS input voltage.
GSU Transformer
Type of cooling
Water cooling Possible: OFWF or ODWF
Water cooling not Possible: OFAF or ODAF
No. of coolers
OFWF or ODWF: Two complete independent sets each with 100% capacity.
OFAF or ODAF: Adequate no of coolers with one cooler as standby.
Tap Changer
Off circuit Tap Changer for conventional generating units.
On load Tap Changer for Pump Storage Scheme.
Surge Arrester on HV side.
GT having 3-Phase rating 120MVA or above shall be provided with online DGA /Evolved Gas
Analyzer.
Short circuit withstand Test: Not necessary if Design validated within 5 years else
necessary.

S. Unit Auxiliary and Station Auxiliary AC Supply System

Unit Auxiliary:
UAT dedicated for each Unit.

 Essential Load Cooling Water Pump motors, Excitation System, AVR Cooling Fans,
Space Heaters and Oil Pressure Units etc.
During Starting / Stopping of Units, these auxiliaries shall be supplied power from
Station Auxiliary AC Supply.
Station Auxiliary AC Supply System:
For uninterrupted AC supply to Station auxiliaries during normal operation and unit
auxiliaries during starting and stopping of the unit.
Diversity factor for maximum demand calculation = 0.75
Two nos. of SST One Main and Another Standby
SSTs, SSBs, DG Sets shall be placed at Higher elevation.
Various auxiliaries shall incorporate auto transfer scheme/ manual changeover.
Each switchgear, Distribution board, MCCs shall be fed by 2 x 100% transformers/
feeders.
Protective relays for UA and SA System shall be Numerical type with self-monitoring
and diagnostic features.
T. DC Supply System
Capacity: To meet Unit and Station loads in addition to 3 hours of uninterrupted emergency
illumination.
DC Batteries, Chargers, Distribution Boards shall be place one floor higher than Machine Hall.
U. Grounding System
Design Life: 50Years MS Flat / Rods shall be used for main ground mat.
Provision for measurement of grounding resistance at regular intervals.
V. Illumination
Sodium vapor (High Pressure) or other efficient fixtures for Outdoor.
Metal Halide fixtures for certain Indoor areas such as erection bay, generator hall, machine
hall, turbine pit where proper color rendition is needed.
W. Power and control cable
Cable shall be FRLS type.
Directly buried cables shall be essentially armored.
Control, auxiliary low voltage Power cables (Upto 1.1KV) and Medium voltage Power Cables
(1.1KV to 66 KV) shall be laid in separate trays.
X. Protection System
For Unit size > 100MW, Protection system shall be configured in two independent sets of
protection separate set of Instrument transformers.
Y. Control and Protection System
Optical Fiber or Copper Cable (For distances less than 100 m) for interconnection of
distributed digital control system.
Relay based backup shut down in addition to the microprocessor based controls.
Independent 230V AC UPS with 30 minutes backup - for computerized control system with
DC supply system of 2 hours backup for controllers, I/O cards, control network etc.

Z. Protection against Flooding

Suitable no. of submersible pumps at MIV floor in addition to drainage & dewatering
pumps.
Control Panel for Dewatering & Drainage Pumps shall be located at a floor higher than
Turbine Floor.

Float switches to give close signal to MIV in the event of inundation of Powerhouse.
Excitation cubicle, Unit control and Protection panes shall be located in Machine Hall.
Remote operation provision for operation and control of Surge Shaft gate.
Provision of individual DT gates for each unit. DT gates capable of closing under unbalanced
condition.