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Kultur Dokumente
Actividad N1
Sea M IR + . Resuelva el siguiente problema
ut = uxx + 2t + 3 cos(t ) , 0 x M ,
t 0.
x
, ux (M , t ) = 2M , u( x,0) = x 2 + cos2
M
ux (0, t ) = 0
2
mediante la sustitucin v ( x, t ) = u ( x, t ) + sen(t ) t t
Solucin:
Sea v = u + sen(t ) t 2 t
vt = ut + cos(t ) 2t 1 ut = vt cos(t )`+2t + 1 (1)
vxx = u xx
(2)
Se resolver el problema:
vt = v xx + 2
v x (0, t ) = 0
(3)
,
v x (M , t ) = 2 M
x
v(x,0 ) = x 2 + cos 2
M
(4)
Por tanto,
f " ( x ) = 2
f ( x ) = x 2 + c1 x + c2
f ' (0 ) = 0
c1 = 0
f ' (M ) = 2 M
c2 = 0
Luego, u p = x 2
Ahora consideraremos el problema:
vt = v xx
v x (0, t ) = v x (M , t ) = 0
Sea v(x, t ) = X ( x )T (t ) , reemplazando en vt = v xx y agrupando trminos se obtiene:
T' X"
=
=
T
X
X "X = 0
X ' (0) = X ' (M ) = 0
2
k
k
Luego, k = , k IN 0 , X k ( x ) = k cos
x
M
M
T'
= k
T
Tk (t ) = k e
2
k t
M
Por superposicin:
k 2
k M
u h (x, t ) = C k cos
x e
M
k =0
k 2
k M
u ( x, t ) = x 2 + C k cos
x e
M
k =0
, k IN 0
Luego,
x
k
x 2 + cos 2 = x 2 + C k cos
x
M
M
k =0
x
k
cos 2 = C k cos
x
M k =0
M
x
1 + cos 2
M = C cos k x
k
2
M
k =0
Luego,
C0 =
1
2
C2 =
1
2
,
2 2
1 1
2 M
u ( x, t ) = x 2 + + cos
x e
2 2
M
C k = 0 k IN {2}
Determine la temperatura del estado estacionario de una placa que tiene la forma de un
Solucin:
1
1
u rr + u r + 2 u = 0
r
r
u (r ,0) = 10
u (1, ) = sen(6 ) +
u r , = 20
2
2
0 < r <1
20
+ 10.
Sea u (r , ) = u p (r , ) + u h (r , )
Consideremos u p (r , ) = ( )
( ) satisface:
" ( ) = 0
(0 ) = 10 , = 20
2
( ) = 10 +
20
u h (r , ) satisface
1
1
u rr + u r + 2 u = 0
r
r
u (r ,0) = 0
u r , = 0
2
2
0 < r <1
R"
R ' "
+r +
=0
R
R
r2
R"
R'
"
+r = =
R
R
1
R
Considerando "+ = 0
(0 ) = = 0
2
Se obtiene:
n ( ) = n sen(2n ) con n = 4n 2 , n IN
Considerando r 2
R"
R'
+r = n
R
R
r 2 R"+ rR ' n R = 0
se tiene:
r 2 R"+ rR ' 4n 2 R = 0
Ecuacin indicial:
( . 1) + 4n 2 = 0 2 = 4n 2
= 2n = 2n
Rn (r ) = an r 2n + bn r 2n
Para una solucin acotada, se debe cumplir la condicin lim u (r , ) = 0 . Por tanto,
a n = 0 para todo n IN .
r 0
u h (r , ) = Bn r 2n sen(2n )
n=1
u (r , ) = 10 +
20
+ Bn r 2n sen(2n )
n=1
u (1, ) = sen(6 ) +
Condicin:
20
+ 10
sen(6 ) +
20
20
+ 10 = 10 +
+ Bn sen(2n )
n=1
sen(6 ) =
Bn sen(2n )
n=1
20
+ r 6 sen(6 )
1
1
Determine una solucin acotada de la ecuacin de Laplace u rr + u r + 2 u = 0
r
r
u (1, ) = ( 6 ) .
Solucin:
1
1
Reemplazando u (r , ) = R(r )( ) en u rr + u r + 2 u = 0 se obtiene:
r
r
1
1
R" + R' + 2 R" = 0
r
r
r 2 R" + rR ' + R" = 0
r2
R"
R' "
+r +
=0
R
R
r2
"
R"
R'
+r = =
R
R
1
R
Considerando "+ = 0
(0 ) = = 0
6
Se obtiene:
n ( ) = C n sen(6n ) con n = 36n 2 , n IN
Considerando r 2
R"
R'
+r = n
R
R
r 2 R"+ rR ' n R = 0
se tiene:
Para una solucin acotada, se debe cumplir la condicin lim u (r , ) = 0 . Por tanto,
r
a n = 0 para todo n IN .
Luego, Rn (r ) = bn r 6n
Se tiene que u n (r , ) = Rn (r ) n ( ) es solucin. Por superposicin:
u (r , ) =
Bn r 6n sen(6n )
n=1
( 6 ) =
Bn sen(6n )
n =1
2
Luego, Bn = 0L f ( )sen(6n )d donde L =
, f ( ) = ( 6 )
L
6
Bn =
12 6
0 ( 6 )sen(6n )d =
2
1 ( 1)n
3
3n
2 1
1 ( 1)n r 6n sen(6n )
3 n
3
=1 n
Resuelva el problema:
1
1
u rr + u r + 2 u = 0
r
r
1< r < 2
u (r ,0 ) = u r , = 0
4
1< r < 2
0 < <
u (1, ) =
4
1
1
Reemplazando u (r , ) = R (r )( ) en u rr + u r + 2 u = 0 se obtiene:
r
r
R" +
1
1
R ' + 2 R" = 0
r
r
r2
R"
R' "
=0
+r +
R
R
r2
"
R"
R'
+r = =
R
R
1
R
Considerando "+ = 0
(0 ) = = 0
4
Se obtiene:
n ( ) = C n sen(4n ) con n = 16n 2 , n IN
Considerando r 2
R"
R'
+r = n
R
R
r 2 R"+ rR ' n R = 0
se tiene:
(An r 4n + Bn r 4n )sen(4n )
n=1
= ( An + Bn )sen(4n )
n=1
4
Luego, An + Bn =
2 L
, f ( ) =
0 f ( )sen(4n )d donde L =
L
4
4
8
1
An + Bn = 0 4 sen(4n )d =
4n 3
1 ( 1)n
(An 2 4n + Bn 2 4n )sen(4n )
n =1
A2 28 + B2 2 8 = 1
An 2 4n + Bn 2 4n = 0 para todo n 3 , n IN
Luego
A 1=
26 1
2 28 1
B 1=
A 2=
1
8
2 2 8
B 2=
A n=
2 28n 1 n 3
1
8
2 2 8
B n=
1
2 1 2 8n n 3
) [(
1
2 6 1 r 4 + 2 6 (4 )r 4 sen(4 )
8
2 2 1
1
28 2 8
[r 8 r 8 ]sen(8 )
Resuelva el problema P:
ut = u xx + 4 sen( x) + 15sen(8 x)
u (0, t ) = 0
u (1, t ) = 0
t>0
t>0
u ( x, 0) = 0
0 < x <1
Solucin:
u ( x, t ) = w( x, t ) + p ( x )
Consideremos
p ' (x ) =
4
15
cos(8x ) + A1
cos(x ) +
p (x ) =
sen(x ) +
15
(8 )2
sen(8x ) + A1 x + A2
p (0 ) = A2 = 0
p (1) = A1 = 0
Luego, p (x ) =
sen(x ) +
15
(8 )2
sen(8x )
X (0 ) = X (1) = 0
X k ( x ) = c k sen(kx ) ,
k = k 2 2 con k IN
2 2
T'
T'
= k
= k 2 2 Tk (t ) = k e k t
T
T
Por superposicin:
w( x, t ) = X k ( x )Tk (t )
k =1
2 2
w( x, t ) = a k sen(kx )e k t
k =1
u ( x, t ) = w( x, t ) + p ( x )
2 2
4
15
u ( x, t ) = a k sen(kx )e k t + 2 sen(x ) +
sen(8x )
(8 )2
k =1
u ( x ,0 ) = 0
0 = a k sen(kx ) +
k =1
sen(x )
15
(8 )2
sen(x ) +
15
sen(8x )
(8 )2
sen(8x ) = a k sen(kx )
k =1
Luego,
a1 =
4
2
a8 =
15
(8 )2
Finalmente
u ( x, t ) =
2
15
4
15
2t
(8 ) t
(
)
(
)
sen
x
e
sen
8
x
e
+ 2 sen(x ) +
sen(8x )
2
2
(8 )
(8 )2
u (0, t ) = T0
t>0
u ( L, t ) = T1
t>0
u ( x, 0) = 0
0< x< L
0< x< L
Solucin:
Sea v(x ) = lim u ( x, t )
t
v" 2 (v T ) = 0
Consideramos w = v T
w" 2 w = 0 w(x ) = A1 e x + A2 e x
v(x ) = A1e x + A2 e x + T
v(0 ) = A1 + A2 + T = T0
v(L ) = A1 e L + A2 e L + T = T1
t>0
Del sistema
A1 + A2 = T0 T
A1e L + A2 e L = T1 T
se obtiene:
A1 =
(T (T
1
T )e L
((T
A2 = T0 T +
T )e L T 1
e
Finalmente
v(x ) =
(T (T
1
T )e L
e
)ex + T
T +
((T
T )e L T 1 x
e
+T
e L e L
Las vibraciones transversales en estado estacionario de una placa con forma de sector
circular de radio 1, cuya frontera adopta la forma grfica de la ecuacin u = 10 + 20 ,
estn determinadas por el problema en coordenadas polares:
1
1
u rr + u r + 2 u = 0
r
r
u ( r ,0) = 20
0 < r <1
u r , = 10
2
0 < r <1
u (1, ) = 10 + 20
Determine u (r , ) .
Solucin:
Sea u (r , ) = u p (r , ) + u h ( r , )
Consideremos u p (r , ) = ( )
( ) satisface:
" ( ) = 0
(0 ) = 20 , ' = 10
2
( ) = 10 + 20
u h (r , ) satisface
1
1
u rr + u r + 2 u = 0
r
r
u ( r ,0) = 0
0 < r <1
u r , = 0
2
;
;
0 < r <1
1
1
Reemplazando u h (r , ) = R(r )( ) en u rr + u r + 2 u = 0 se obtiene:
r
r
r2
R"
R' "
=0
+r +
R
R
r2
"
R"
R'
+r = =
R
R
1
R
Considerando "+ = 0
(0 ) = ' = 0
2
Se obtiene:
n ( ) = C n sen((2n 1) ) con n = (2n 1) , n IN
2
Considerando r 2
R"
R'
+r = n
R
R
r 2 R"+ rR ' n R = 0
se tiene:
Ecuacin indicial:
Rn (r ) = a n r
(2n 1)
es
+ bn r 2n1
Para una solucin acotada, se debe cumplir la condicin lim u (r , ) = 0 . Por tanto,
a n = 0 para todo n IN .
Luego, Rn (r ) = bn r 2n1
r 0
Bn r 2n1sen((2n 1) )
n=1
u (r , ) = 10 + 20 + Bn r 2n1sen((2n 1) )
n=1
u (1, ) = 10 + 20 10 + 20 = 10 + 20 + Bn r 2n1sen((2n 1) )
0=
Bn r 2n1sen((2n 1) )
n=1
Se tiene que Bn = 0 n IN
Luego, u (r , ) = 10 + 20
n =1