Sie sind auf Seite 1von 10

Nanotechnology in

Agriculture
Submitted By:
Trivedi Manushi B.
Sem : 3rd semester
Reg.no : 06-0146-2013
Roll No: 14

Guided By:
K.P.Patel
Assistant professor

College of Agricultural Information Technology


AIT, AAU
Anand

Index

Contents
1.Introduction : ........................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 What is nanotechnology? ................................................................................................. 3
1.1.1 Nanomaterials and Nanoparticle : ............................................................................. 3
1.2 What is agriculture? ......................................................................................................... 3
2.0 Nanotechnology in various agriculture field and its application ......................................... 4
2.1

Nanobiotechnology : molecular biology using nanotechnology ................................. 4

2.1.1

What is Nanobiotechnology? ............................................................................... 4

2.1.2

Crop improvement using nanobiotechnology:- ................................................... 4

2.2 Nanotechnology in plant disease diagnosis ..................................................................... 5


2.3 Nanotechnology and animal health ................................................................................. 6
2.3.1 Nano-vaccines: .......................................................................................................... 6
2.3.2 Nano-apoptosis: ......................................................................................................... 6
2.4 Post harvest management and food safety using Nanotechnology .................................. 6
2.4.1 Monitoring the quantity of the food: ........................................................................ 7
2.4.2 Monitoring the quality of the food: ........................................................................... 7
2.5 Nano-fertilizer and Nano-pesticides................................................................................. 7
2.5.1 Nano-fertilizer: ......................................................................................................... 8
2.5.2 Nano-pesticides: ........................................................................................................ 8
3. Benefits of nanotechnology in agriculture ............................................................................. 8
4. Limitation of nanotechnology in agriculture ......................................................................... 9
5.0 Nanotechnology in future agriculture .................................................................................. 9
6.0 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 10
7.0 References .......................................................................................................................... 10

1.Introduction :
1.1 What is nanotechnology?
K. Eric Drexler popularized the word 'nanotechnology' in the 1980s; Nanotechnology is
the engineering of functional system at the molecular scale. This covers both current
work and concepts that are more advanced. In the other words, Nanotechnology
is,Ability to work at the atomic, molecular and even sub-molecular level in order to create
an use material structures, devices and systems with new properties and function.

Fig.1 Comparison of nanomaterials size


1.1.1 Nanomaterials and Nanoparticle :
Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one
dimension) between 1 and 1000 nanometers (10-9 meter)but usually it 1-100 nm.
Nanoparticles are particles between 1 and10 nano-meters in size. In nanotechnology, a
particle is defined as a small object that behaves as a whole unit with respect to its transport
and properties.
Particles are further classified according to diameter.
1.2 What is agriculture?
Agriculture is a Latin word, where Ager means field or soil and culture means
cultivation or tillage. Agriculture is a branch of applied science. That defined as a art of
farming, the science and the business of cultivating the soil for producing crops and raising
livestock for mans use.

2.0 Nanotechnology in various agriculture field and its application


2.1

Nanobiotechnology : molecular biology using nanotechnology

2.1.1 What is Nanobiotechnology?


The credit for the term "nanobiotechnology" goes to Lynn W. Jelinski,A biophysicist at
Cornell University,USA. Nanobiotechnology joins the breakthroughs in nanotechnology to
those in molecular biology. Molecular biologist help nanotechnologists understand and access
the nanostructure and nanomachines.
2.1.2 Crop improvement using nanobiotechnology:Nanotechnology has also shown its ability in modifying the genetic constitution of the crop
thereby helping in further improvement of crop plants. Mutations (change or modification or
transformation in plants gene to another)both natural and induced have long since played an
important role in crop improvement. Instead of using certain chemical compounds like EMS
(Ethyl methanesulfonate), MMS (Methyl methanesulfonate) and physical mutagen like X-ray,
gamma ray etc. Through the nanobiotechnology we can get the exact sequence of DNA or
protein using bio-chips. Recently from the microelectronic industry nanotechnologist fin one
micro chips that are called as bio-chips.

Here in this structure of

micro

chips stores a unique identification


number from 10 to 15 digits long.
The storage capacity of the current
microchips is limited, capable of
storing only a single ID number.

For example,
In Thailand, Chiang Mai University's Nuclear Physics Laboratory has come up with a
new white-grained rice variety from a traditional purple coloured rice variety called
Khao Kam through the usage of nanotechnology. The word "Kam" means deep
purple, and the rice variety is known for its purple stem, leaves and grains. Using
nanotechnology, the scientists changed the colour of the leaves and stems of Khao
Kam from purple to green and the grain becomes whitish. The research involves
drilling a nano-sized hole through the wall and membrane of a rice cell in order to
insert a nitrogen atom.

Fig.2 Microarray technologies in DNA and protein


Here in this process chart, In the hybridization process micro-chips and target both
will go to scanning process, micro chips will find the sequence and take one image,
that image will analyzed in image analysis phase and give as information about DNA
or protein sequence. after it we can transform one plants gene into another plant to
produce more fruitful variety. This newly derived organism through the change at the
atomic level is designated asAtomically Modified Organisms (AMOs).
2.2 Nanotechnology in plant disease diagnosis
Diseases are one of the major factors limiting crop productivity. The problem with the disease
management lies with the detection of the exact stage of prevention. Most of the times
pesticides are applied as a precautionary manner leading to the residual toxicity and
environmental hazards and on the other hand application of pesticides after the appearance of
disease leads to some amount of crop losses. Among the different diseases, the viral diseases
are the most difficult to control, as one has to stop the spread of the disease by the vectors But,
once it starts showing its symptoms, pesticide application would not be of much use. Nanobased viral diagnostics, including multiplexed diagnostic kit are developed that not only
increase the speed of detection but also increase the power of the detection.

2.3 Nanotechnology and animal health


2.3.1 Nano-vaccines:
Many organisms, particularly microorganisms, have novel and interesting structures that could
be exploited, for example, the lattice-type crystalline arrays of bacterial S-layers and bacterial
spore coats both of which have protective properties. In principle, the spore coat could be used
not only as a delivery vehicle for a variety of different molecules but also as a source of new
and novel self-assembling proteins. Spore coats are comprised of protein, have ordered arrays
of protomeric subunits, exhibit self-assembly and have protective properties As dormant
metabolically inactive life forms, spores can survive indefinitely in a desiccated state, and
indeed have been documented as surviving intact for millions of year. The spore can resist
temperatures as high as 90C as well as exposure to noxious chemicals. the advantages are, ,
these include the robustness of the bacterial spore allowing storage in the desiccated form,
ease of production, safety and a technological platform supported by extensive tools for
genetic manipulation.
For example,
This bacterial spore-based nano- vaccines has been tested in human against
tetanus with heterogonous antigen inserted within it. The same kind of approach can be used
successfully in animals such as cattle against deadly diseases like foot and mouth.
2.3.2 Nano-apoptosis:
Like human being cattle are also prone to tumor and in some cases to cancer. This particular
disorder in many times becomes the reason for death of animals Conservation of genetically
superior animal germplasm is very much critical for animal genetics and breeding studies
coupled with development of the superior breeds Some research groups have been
experimenting with smart super-paramagnetic nanoparticles. These nanoparticles when
injected in the bloodstream target tumour receptor cells. These nanoparticles are made from
iron oxides that when subjected to a magnetic field enhances the ability of the nanoparticles to
locate tumour cells. At the site of the tumour the nanoparticles emit an attached drug to kill the
cancer cells.

2.4 Post harvest management and food safety using Nanotechnology


2.4.1 Monitoring the quantity of the food:
Nanotechnology found applications in monitoring and tagging of food items. Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID) technology was developed by the military more than
50years ago, but has now found its way to numerous applications from food monitoring in
shops to improving supply chain efficiency. The technology, which consists of
microprocessors and an antenna that can transmit data to a wireless receiver, can be used to
monitor an item from the warehouse to the consumers hands. Unlike bar codes, which need
to be scanned manually and read individually, RFID tags do not require line-of-sight for
reading and it is possible to automatically read hundreds of tags a second. Retailing chains
like Wal-Mart, Home Depot, Metro group, and Tesco, have already tested this technology.
2.4.2 Monitoring the quality of the food:
We can maintain the quality of food in two ways, first at the time of manufacturing and
second is at the time of packaging of the food. here we have disused about the manufacturing
time food quality now we will discuss about the food safety at packaging time. todays
consumers demand much more from packaging in terms of protecting the quality, freshness
and safety of foods, as well as convenience. They conclude that this is one of the main
reasons behind the increased interest in innovative methods of packaging. researchers at
Rutgers University in the US, is developing an electronic tongue for inclusion in
packaging. This consists of an array of nanosensors which are extremely sensitive to gases
released by food as it spoils, causing the sensor strip to change colour as a result, giving a
clear visible signal of whether the food is fresh or not. there is one hybrid system that is
enriched with anenormous number of silicate nanoparticles. These massively reduce the
entrance of oxygen and other gases, and the exit of moisture, thus preventing food from
spoiling.

2.5 Nano-fertilizer and Nano-pesticides


2.5.1 Nano-fertilizer:

Studies show that theuse of nanofertilizers causes an increase in nutrients use efficiency,
reduces soil toxicity, minimizes the potential negative effects associated with over dosage
and reduces the frequency of the application. Coating and binding of nano and subnanocomposites are able to regulate the release of nutrients from the fertilizer capsule. In this
regard, Jinghua (2004) showed that application of a nano-composite consists of N, P, K,
micronutrients, mannose and amino acids enhance the uptake and use of nutrients by grain
crops. Moreover, nanotechnology could supply tools and mechanisms to synchronize the
nitrogen release from fertilizers with crop requirements. This will be accomplished only
when they can be directly internalized by the plants. Zincaluminiumlayered doublehydroxide nanocomposites have been employed for the controlled release of chemical
compounds which act as plant growth regulators. Studies has shown that fertilizer
incorporation into cochleate nanotubes (rolled-up lipid bilayer sheets), had improved crop
yield.
2.5.2 Nano-pesticides:
Currently, there is at least one product on the market that contains a nanoscale material that
is nano-silver. Though there are other many nano pesticide that are registered but we dont
know that it contain nano material. Though nano pesticides often follow the similar model to
nano fertilizer.

3. Benefits of nanotechnology in agriculture


Using nanobiotechnology we can produce more sustainable variety of plant. In that case
the production is accurate and more in amount as compare to normal variety. Through
which we can make the plant disease free by its own genomic constitution.
Using the plant decease diagnoses , we can reduce the losses of crop and we can protect
our plant in initial stage of viral disease.
Nano-vaccines can store at high temperature where as other common vaccines can not be
stored as high temperature. For it, we have use fridge or refrigerator that is quite
impossible at village level people. The production method is also cheaper and easy of
nano-vaccines.
By monitoring the quality and quantity of food we can maintain the quality of food and in
companies or organization we can apply or give grantee to consumer about our agricultural
products.
Nano-fertilizer and Nano-pesticide are very much targeted and in some case nanoparticle
its self can stimulate the growth of plant. Where in case of nano-pesticide, there is possible
to do targeted delivery to the plant.
We can also make pure water of out ground water through nanotechnology in water
management.

4. Limitation of nanotechnology in agriculture


In monitoring the food quality, it will increase the input cost of our product.
A very big drawback of nano-fertilizer and nono-pesticide is their release of effect is very
slow
The awareness about nanotechnology in agriculture field is very less.
It is very difficult to work at atomic level or molecular level.

5.0 Nanotechnology in future agriculture

In future agriculture there are some predicted nanosensors. That can detect pathogen as
well as monitor local and field condition like temperature, humidity, pesticide level,
nutrient status, water availability etc.

Nano-robotics will also come in market that will increase the efficiency of robot as well
as human using nanotechnology.
9

In future there will come nano-food. Nano-food means is that nanotechnology techniques
or tools are used during cultivation, production, processing, or packaging of the food. It
does not mean atomically modified food or food produced by nanomachines. Although
there are ambitious thoughts of creating molecular food using nanomachines, this is
unrealistic in the foreseeable future.

6.0 Conclusion
There are many application of nanotechnology in agriculture various field. If we will aware
about it we can make agriculture more accurate and profitable to farmers. As we seen
nanotechnology can used from cultivation of products to its packaging. This will increase our
production with security at higher level. As it is working on atomic level we can change the
actual agriculture term.

7.0 References
http://www.dnaindia.com/scitech/report-indian-agro-scientist-develops-world-s-first-nanofertiliser-through-biosynthesis-1968243
http://ijagcs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/2229-2232.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology
http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/pocketk/39/
http://iopscience.iop.org/2043-6262/3/3/033002
http://www.elsevier.com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/180531/Nanotechnologies-inagriculture.pdf

10

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen