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(a)
Basics
1. Which of the following signals is/are periodic?
(a) () = cos 2 + cos 3 + cos 5
(b) () = exp(8 )
(c) () = exp(7) sin 10
(d) () = cos 2 cos 4
[GATE 1992: 2 Marks]
Soln. (a)
1 = 2
2 = 3
3 = 5
Note that ratio of any two frequencies equals p/q is rational where
p and q are integers.
Thus () is periodic
(b)
() = exp(8)
= cos(8) + sin(8)
1 8
=
=1
2 8
(c)
() = exp(7) . sin 10
= 7 . sin 10
2
2
1
=
=
10 5
() = cos 2 . cos 4
2 cos cos = cos( ) + cos( + )
Note,
1
, () = [cos 2 + cos 6 ]
2
1 2 1
=
= =
2 6 3
Rational
So, (a) , (b) and (d) are periodic.
() = 8 (20 ) + 4(15)
2
(a) 40
(c)
(b) 41
(d)
42
82
[GATE 2005: 1 Mark]
/2
1
1
= lim
2 () = lim
|()|2
/2
/2
3. If a signal f(t) has energy E, the energy of the signal f(2t) is equal to
(a) E
(c) 2E
(b) E/2
(d) 4E
[GATE 2001: 1 Mark]
Soln. Energy of a signal is given by
= [()]2
= [()]2
Let 2 = , =
= [()]2
Option (b)
frequency in rad/s is
(a) 100
(b) 300
(c)
(d)
500
1500
[GATE 2013: 1 Mark]
2 = 300
Third term
3 = 500
-1
The ratio of the power in the 7th harmonic to the power in the 5th
harmonic for this waveform is closest in value to -----[GATE 2014: 1 Mark]
Soln. For a periodic square wave nth harmonic component
Ratio of power in 7th harmonic to 5th harmonic for the given wage form is
1
72 = 25 0.5
1
29
52
Answer 0.5
3
1
-2
-4 -3
2 3
-1
-3
_________ .
[GATE 2015: 1 Mark]
Soln. The equation for the given waveform can be written as
= 3
The period of the waveform is 3 (i.e. from -1 to +2)
. =
1
[()]2
1
= [ (3 )2 + (3 )2 + 02 . ]
3
1
1 3 0
3 1
= [9. |
+9
| + 0]
3
3 1
3 0
1 9
9
= [ . {0 (1)} + (1 0)]
3 3
3
1 9 9
1 18
= [ + ]=
=2
3 3 3
3 3
Answer 2
(a) V
(c)
(b)
1 2
2
1
(d)
2
+V
T
-V
The waveform can be drawn as per the given problem.
Period () = 1 + 2
1
= 2 ()
1
= [ 2 + ()2 ]
1
= [ 2 . (1 0) + 2 ( 1 )]
1
= . 2 [ 1 + 1 ] = 2 =
()
() = cos 0 + sin 0
0
=1
(c) Q and S
(d) Q and R
[GATE 2009: 1 Mark]
Soln. The Fourier series for a real periodic function has only cosine terms if it
is even and sine terms if it is odd
Option (a)
12. The trigonometric Fourier series of an even function does not have the
(a) dc term
(c) sine terms
(b) cosine terms
(d) odd harmonic terms
[GATE 2011: 1 Mark]
Soln. The trigonometric Fourier series of an even function has cosine terms
which are even functions.
It has dc term if its average value is finite and no dc term if average value
is zero
So it does not have sine terms
Option (c)
14. Choose the function (), < < , for which a Fourier series
cannot be defined.
(a) 3 sin(25)
(b) 4 cos(20 + 3) + 2 sin(710)
(c) exp(||) sin(25)
(d) 1
[GATE 2005: 1 Mark]
Soln. Fourier series is defined for periodic function and constant
(a) 3 sin(25 ) = 25
(b) 4 cos(20 + 3) + 2 sin(710 ) sum of two periodic function is also
periodic function
(c) || sin 25 Due to decaying exponential decaying function it is not
periodic. So Fourier series cannot be defined for it.
(d) Constant, Fourier series exists.
Fourier series cant be defined for option (c)
The dc component of () is
(a)
(c)
0
1
(b) (2 )
(d)
21
0
0
1
-T
() = 0 + cos + sin 0
=1
1
0 =
()
0
0
0
2
0 =
1
()
0
2
1
0
0
2
() + () + ()
[
0
2
1
[0 + 21 + 0]
0
21
0
Option (c)
() = ( 0 )
=
()
1
( ) exp(2 /0 )
0
=
()
1
( ) exp( /0 )
0
=
()
1
( ) exp( /0 )
0
=
()
1
( ) exp(2 /0 )
0
=
Soln.
() = 0 0 =
=
2
0
+0
2
1
1. 0
0
=
()
=
| = 0 = 1
0
0
0
0
17. The Fourier series expansion of a real periodic signal with fundamental
frequency f0 is given by
() = 2 0
=
It is given that 3 = 3 + 5
(a) 5 + 3
(b) 3 5
(c) 5 + 3
(d) 3 j5
[GATE 2003: 1 Mark]
Soln. Given 3 = 3 + 5
We know that for real periodic signal
=
, 3 = 3 = (3 5)