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Urban DeSign Framework

2014

INDUSTRIAL MANCHESTER:

YESSENIA REVILLA

URSP 762: PROFESIONAL PLAN

VCU

Yessenia Revilla

2014

All Rights Reserved

INDUSTRIAL MANCHESTER: Urban DeSign Framework 2014

INDUSTRIAL MANCHESTER:
Urban DeSign Framework
Prepared For:
The Richmond Department of Planning and Development Review

Prepared By:
Yessenia Revilla
Master of Urban and Regional Planning Program
L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs
Virginia Commonwealth University
Spring 2014
As a result of being awarded the Glav & Holmes Architecture Professional Plan
Scholarship (2013-2014)
Studio Panel:
Meghan Z. Gough, Ph.D., VCU
James Smither, PLA, ASLA, VCU
Andrew B. Moore, AIA LEED AP, G&HA
Mark A. Olinger, Director, Dept. of Planning & Development Review,
City Of Richmond, VA

INDUSTRIAL MANCHESTER: Urban DeSign Framework 2014

Photo Credits:

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Photos taken by Yessenia Revilla unless otherwise stated

INDUSTRIAL MANCHESTER: Urban DeSign Framework 2014

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This document would not have been possible without the generous assistance, guidance, knowledge, insight and vision of:
Mark A. Olinger, Director of Planning and Development Review for the City of Richmond, for formulating the driving questions of this document and
for providing guidance during the whole planning process, from beginning to end.
The Manchester Alliance Board of Directors, especially David Bass (the president) and Jeremy Connell for allowing me to attend meetings and for
sharing insights and aspirations to their community.
Andrew Moore for valuable professional mentorship and the opportunity to complete this project at Glav and Holmes Architectures office.
My faculty advisors, Dr. Meghan Z. Gough and James C. Smither for their support, mentorship and valuable feedback during the planning process of this
document as well as years of outstanding classroom instruction leading up to this project.
Thank you to my colleagues and friends for providing their unconditional assistance during the project process:
Carina Revilla, Diane Gapas, Nathan Tekleariam, Shilpa Kanumuri, Tiffany Olinger and Lee Pambid.
Lastly, but most importantly, thank you to my family for their patience, understanding, and supporting my professional goals. Thank you to my husband,
Francisco Ferrer and my five-year-old child, Mickella for giving me time to do homework!

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Figures

Executive Summary

Section I: Introduction

The Client
Purpose
Study Area
State of Art
Guiding Principles:
Connectivity
Placemaking
Density
Approach and Methods
Plan Road Map
Section II: Research

Section III: The Vision

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Vision Statement
Connectivity Goals, Objectives, and Strategies
Placemaking Goals, Objectives, and Strategies
Density Goals, Objectives, and Strategies
Conclusion
Section IV: Appendix

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Appendix A: Planning Process


Appendix B: Demographic Data
Appendix C: List of Assets of IM

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Setting the Stage


Existing Conditions:
The Neighborhood:
Demographics, Zoning, Land Use,
Desirable Views and Vistas, Topography
The Public Open Space:
Street Character, Distinctive Elements
of the Study Area,
The Architectural:
Figure Ground, Identification of Design
Features, Current Development Trends
List of Assets and Challenges
Asset Map

INDUSTRIAL MANCHESTER: Urban DeSign Framework 2014

List of Figures
Figure 1: First Client Focus Group
Figure 2: Meeting with Manchester Alliance
Figure 3: Richmond Downtown Plan
Figure 4: Richmond Riverfront Plan
Figure 5: Map of the Study Area
Figure 6: Central Corridor Plan
Figure 7: South Lake Union Urban Design Framework
Figure 8: Industrial Manchester Master Plan
Figure 9: Table of Comparison of Downtown Richmond
Population in 1990, 2000 and 2010
Figure 10: Chart of Comparison of Downtown Population by
District
Figure 11: Chart of Industrial Manchester Population by Age
Figure 12: Chart of Population with Bachelor Degree or Higher
Figure 13: Table of Comparison of Median Income
Figure 14: Map of Existing Zoning
Figure 15: Latest Proposed Land Use for the Study Area
Figure 16: Desirable Views and Vistas
Figure 17: Topography Model
Figure 18: Riverfront Plan Proposal
Figure 19: 7th Street, Looking North
Figure 19.1: 7th Street Looking South
Figure 20: Map of Street Character
Figure 21: Kevin Lynch Map
Figure 22: Figure Ground
Figure 23& 23.1: Building in Decatur Street
Figure 24: Newer Residential Construction on Commerce Road
Figure 25: Current Development Trends
Figure 26: Asset Map
Figure 27: Existing Urban Garden
Figure 28: Current Use of Porter Street and Proposed Ideas
Figure 29 to 32: Examples of Public Art and Wayfinding Signage
Figure 33 to 36: Incorporate Architectural Features at Street Level

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Figure 37: 7th Street Current Condition


Figure 38: Proposed Plazas on 7th Street
Figure 39: Perspective of Proposed Plazas on 7th Street
Figure 40: 7th Street Plaza North
Figure 41: 7th Street Plaza Central
Figure 41.1: 7th Street Plaza Central at Street Level
Figure 42: 7th Street Plaza South
Figure 42.1: 7th Street Plaza South at Street Level
Figure 43: LQC Initiative in Baltimore, MD
Figure 44: New York City: Pop-Up Caf
Figure 45: Existing: Parking Lot on 6th Street
Figure 45.1: Proposed: Parking Lot on 6th Street
Figure 46: Conceptual Triangle Art Park: Navy Yard, Washington DC.
Figure 47: Japanese Style Sidewalk in Russia
Figure 48: Example of Multifunctional Street Furniture in Boulder, Co.
Figure 49: Map of Scale Comparison Between Industrial Manchester
and the Fan District
Figure 50 & 50.1: Reynolds South Site Design Concept
Figure 51 to 51.2: Intersection of 3rd and Decatur Street Site Design
Concept
Figure 52: Scheme of Incentive Zoning Priority
Figure 53: Elevation of the Delimitating Topography Line and its
Relation to the Floodwall
Figure 54: Main Concept for Industrial Manchester
Figure 55: Perspective of North Transit Node on 7th Street
Figure 55.1: North Transit Node on 7th Street at Street Level
Figure 56, 56.1: Bowery Street in New York
Figure 57: Building Height Gradation Across Industrial Manchester
Figure 58-60: 7th Street Height Sculpting Controls
Figure 60: Industrial Manchester Proposed Urban Intensification

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INDUSTRIAL MANCHESTER: Urban DeSign Framework 2014

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Richmond Department of Planning and Development Review, in conjunction with Manchester Alliance (the local neighborhood association), have
requested an Urban Design Framework (UDF) for Industrial Manchester (IM). Both residents and local authorities need to have a common vision for the
future of Industrial Manchester, an industrial area that was never intended for residential or a mix of uses resulting in a neighborhood. The area has
experienced positive changes over the last decade and has become a more mixed-use community with industry, housing and offices side-by-side.
However, the challenge of adding the full complement of urban services necessary to create a high-quality city neighborhood still persists today.
The Urban Design Framework has been developed though intensive involvement of the client, residents and stakeholders. The purpose of this study is
to provide a model for re-defining areas in the city of Richmond; a model that generates new neighborhood choices, provides for new businesses and
spurs additional new investment. This document accomplishes the goal through identification of an integrated community vision that is then applied to
Industrial Manchester's land use potential to promote sustainable, high-quality development, while improving the public realm, inspiring walkability,
fostering a strong mix of uses and a strong sense of place. More specifically, this study is intended to:
1. Respond to community needs using innovative design strategies to shape future growth in Industrial Manchester, provoking future
discussion and negotiation between local authorities and developers
2. Develop a general vision for the neighborhoods new development and its future open space system
3. Set aspirations and articulate stakeholder goals for new development and open spaces in Industrial Manchester
4. Promote the use of placemaking strategies

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SECTION I:

IPLACEMAKING

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INTRODUCTION
TION I:
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The Client
The Industrial Manchester Urban Design Framework was requested by the Richmond
Department of Planning and Development Review and also fulfills the requirements of
the Master of Urban and Regional Planning program in the L. Douglas Wilder School
of Government and Public Affairs at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU).
The client, the Richmond Department of Planning and Development Review,
supervises building and development in the City. The mission statement of this
department is to create and maintain the best quality of life for Richmond's citizens,
businesses and visitors through planning and enforcement services that increase the
built and natural environments of the city (City of Richmond 2013). While this plan
was created for the City of Richmond, its outcomes also represent the input of local
stakeholders and residents. A series of separate meetings for different interest groups
were held, not only to have more productive meetings, but also to reach consensus.
Manchester Alliance, the local neighborhood association, was a partner in driving the
development of this document. Manchester Alliance, founded in 2007, is a community
of homeowners, residents, business owners and developers promoting the balanced
growth of Old Manchester. Common interests of the Manchester Alliance include, but
are not limited to, the following principles: 1) to support innovative, responsible
development that is architecturally inspiring, sustainable and appropriate in scale and
use; 2) to be advocates for the integrity of mixed-use and public amenities, while
respecting the history of the neighborhood through quality renewal and restoration; 3)
to endorse diverse, social, cultural and economic growth through a collaborative effort
of area property owners and the City of Richmond; and 4) to ensure a safe and inviting
environment by means of enthusiastic communication among area property owners and
the City of Richmond Police (www.manchesteralliance.org).
Figure 1(top): First Client Focus Group (01/10/2014)
Figure 2 (bottom): Meeting with Manchester Alliance. City
representative explaining traffic impacts in Manchester (03/13/2014)

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INDUSTRIAL MANCHESTER: Urban DeSign Framework 2014

The Manchester Alliance participated in a survey to prioritize challenges. Three areas of expenditure were prioritized: 1) Public Open space; 2)
infill development; and 3) the architectural character of the neighborhood. For instance, one of the stakeholders mentioned, I am concerned that
the execution of redevelopment may not be the stakeholders vision for the neighborhood, referring to the new buildings in the old Reynolds
Company plant. One of the residents said, I miss seeing kids playing in the street, referring to the neighborhood he used to live in before moving
to Industrial Manchester. He also pointed out families do not move to Manchester because of the perception of crime. Other main points
mentioned by residents during the meeting and while walking on the street were the lack of community events and the need for a grocery store as
important elements to attract families and long-term residents. Clearly, residents are conscious of the communitys deficiencies and problems.
With a collaborative effort a list of needs will be created but, most importantly, this document will discover the communitys capacities and assets.
For that reason this approach of understanding and mapping the communitys capacities, abilities, and geographic attributes is one of the main
strategies in the process of Industrial Manchester regeneration (Kretzmann and Mcknight 1993).

Purpose
The Richmond Department of Planning and Development Review (the client) has commissioned the Industrial Manchester Urban Design
Framework to provide a model for re-defining areas in the City of Richmond (areas never intended for residential or a mix of uses into a
neighborhood). This model generates new neighborhood choices, provides for potentially new businesses and spurs additional new
investment. The document accomplishes this goal through identification of an integrated community vision, and then applied to
Manchester's land use potential to promote sustainable, high-quality development while improving the public realm, inspiring
walkability, fostering a strong mix of uses and creating a strong sense of place.
The seeds of the Industrial Manchester Urban Design Framework began as a neighborhood plan, stressing Industrial Manchesters mixed-use
character. However, plan participants quickly recognized (during the first client focus group) the need of a visual resource to guide redevelopment
in Industrial Manchester (see Appendix A for meeting attendance). There is a need for a document to help investors (both private and public)
visualize future positive solutions for new development and guide owners, developers and local authorities as they repair and rebuild industrial
buildings. As the client points out, this is particularly critical on parcels in which there are no buildings, so the new Manchester can be a dynamic
blend of historic preservation and new construction.

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INDUSTRIAL MANCHESTER: Urban DeSign Framework 2014

Relationship to Other Planning Efforts


The Richmond Department of Planning and Development Review requires a document
that is comprehensive of interests and needs of their community, which also takes into
account the review of latest planning efforts. The three latest plans in which Industrial
Manchester has been included were evaluated: first, The Richmond Downtown Plan
(2009). This latest planning effort has expanded the boundaries of Downtown to the
north, east and south. Due to this expansion, Industrial Manchester to the south was
incorporated into the Downtown Plan in 2009. Consequently, Downtown shared the
same vision with Industrial Manchester to create a place that is more walkable and
enjoyable for residents, visitors and workers. Second, The Richmond Riverfront Plan
(2012), another important document including the riverfront of Industrial Manchester
in which the City is trying to fully utilize both the north and south banks of the James
River, suggests more commercial and recreational uses. Third, Manchester Area
Transportation and Land Use Study (2013) was also evaluated.
The intention of Industrial Manchesters Urban Design Framework is to integrate
previous city planning efforts into a comprehensive, design-based strategic document
that is informed by rigorous stakeholder input. In addition, important documents such
as RVAgreen: A Roadmap to Sustainability (2011) and Green Infrastructure
Assessment Phase 1: A Green Print Pilot Program for Richmond (2010) were reviewed
to incorporate sustainable principles in this documents recommendations.

Figure 3: Richmond Downtown Plan


(2009)

Figure 4: Richmond Riverfront Plan (2012)

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INDUSTRIAL MANCHESTER: Urban DeSign Framework 2014

Figure 5: Map of the Study Area

Study Area
Industrial Manchester is generally bound by the James River
to the north, Maury Street to the south, Interstate 95 to the
east and Commerce Road to the west. For the purpose of
design analysis the boundaries have been extended as shown
in Figure 5.
It is important to mention the extended boundaries because in
an urban design analysis if a boundary is defined by a street,
both sides of the street should be included, recognizing that a
street's character is defined by the sum of both sides.

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INDUSTRIAL MANCHESTER: Urban DeSign Framework 2014

State of the Art


The Industrial Manchester Urban Design Framework (IMUDF) represents the collaborative effort of the client, residents and stakeholders. This
document has been conceived and guided entirely by input and reaction from the client, neighborhood association and stakeholders of the
community. Individuals, group meetings, surveys, interviews and man-on-street encounters served as essential points of data collection.
As this document developed, a list of the most mentioned words by the client and local members was created. From this list the three words most
used in the process were transformed in guiding principles in order to meet the desires, needs and vision of Industrial Manchester community
members.

Guiding Principles
The Industrial Manchester Urban Design
Framework is grounded in three guiding
principles around which general and
specific recommendations are based. These
guiding principles help to ensure new
development and open spaces not only
contribute to an attractive neighborhood
environment, but also support economic
development goals. These goals include:
generating activity, leveraging new
investment and retaining and attracting
business and residents. These guiding
principles are:

Connectivity
Placemaking
Density

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INDUSTRIAL MANCHESTER: Urban DeSign Framework 2014

Connectivity
A connected and integrated approach requires all partners work together. By working
together partners can sort problems and develop project ideas collaboratively in order to share
ownership and stimulate commitment. Connectivity also applies to the pattern of streets,
creating a permeable environment that increases accessibility not only by car, but by foot and
bicycle, too. Many communities developed almost entirely towards the car after WWII.
Today, many short trips that could be made by other modes are made by car because of poor
connectivity. Improving connectivity implies the creation of complete streets. These streets
are designed to serve all categories of users. Complete streets are not only transportation
channels but public gathering places in their own right.

Placemaking
Place is not only important in terms of function and physical form, but also in terms of
peoples perceptions. Each project should make a positive contribution to the identity and
quality of the neighborhood. The placemaking approach re-imagines public spaces as the
heart of every community. Rooted in community-based participation, placemaking
involves the planning, design, management and programming of public spaces
(www.pps.org). The framework and philosophy of placemaking grounded when visionaries
like Jane Jacobs and William H. White offered innovative ideas about designing cities that
catered to people, not just to cars. They advocated for creating lively neighborhoods and
inviting public spaces.

Density
In shaping future growth and change, we must consider density principles and rules that not
only enhance the existing landscape but also add new elements, building upon areas physical
and historical context. Communities rarely understand what density thresholds, usually
expressed in dwelling units per acre, actually look like or what implications are for
community character. One important strategy is to educate communities by analyzing,
describing and illustrating (through digital models or other visual tools) the actual densities of
their neighborhoods, often higher than what is being proposed.
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INDUSTRIAL MANCHESTER: Urban DeSign Framework 2014

Three plans were selected as great examples to review for this document:
The Central Corridor Plan (2013) in San Francisco offers a study in a similar setting to
Industrial Manchester. It is a recent plan with several components applicable at both levels:
neighborhood and street. The plan was launched in February 2011 as a community-based planning
effort. Consequently, outcomes of the plan represent the strong collaboration of community members,
stakeholders and relevant city agencies. To ensure community input was incorporated into the Plan, a
number of community meetings, walking tours, storefront charrette, community surveys, public
workshops and public hearings were held. All led to the following vision: To support positive change
along and around the Fourth Street transit spine, while maintaining SoMas [South Market] diverse
social and economic mix. Although the plan began focused on transit-oriented development, planners
and stakeholders realized transportation changes needed to support growth, including high-quality
architectural design of the infill fabric. This appears an excellent example to follow, as it synthesizes a
number of past and current efforts of the area by providing a comprehensive approach and overlapping
The Central Corridor Plans recommendations to previous planning proposals.
Figure 6: Central Corridor Plan (2013)

The South Lake Union Urban Design Framework (2010), South Lake Union (SLU) is a
neighborhood of small industry and auto-oriented businesses, with mostly low-density, moderateincome housing in Seattle. South Lake Union has been undergoing major redevelopment in the last ten
years to high-density commercial, mixed-use and multi-family buildings. This is a very important
document to review as SLU is one of the few neighborhoods in the country with LEED-ND statusthe
LEED standard for sustainable neighborhoods. LEED (or Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design) is a sustainability rating system coordinated by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) to
assess the environmental effects and footprint of buildings. LEED-ND takes the same principles and
applies them to a neighborhood scale. Building height and bulk are among the most contentious topics
in SLU planning. Recommendations address two aspects of building form: spacing of towers (buildings
over 85 tall) and height of podiums (portions of buildings below 85). Although some part of the
community did not agree with placing towers at the lakefront, the consensus decided they should be
limited to no more than one per block.
Figure 7: South Lake Union Urban Design Framework

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INDUSTRIAL MANCHESTER: Urban DeSign Framework 2014

At a local level one important document to review is:

The Industrial Manchester Master Plan (2008), a Studio II document for the Master of Urban and Regional Planning at VCU written
by Tom Phan. Phans approach to the plan provides an examination of physical characteristics within the study area, outlining both assets and
liabilities. Next, he organized recommendations and implementation in the following individual components: 1) Land Use, 2) Circulation and 3)
Urban Design. Recommendations are intended to work in conjunction over the long term in order to accomplish the plans goal, to create
Industrial Manchester as an area that features a wide range of land uses, provides a strong sense of place, and is a vibrant and sustainable
community. Even though his study uses data from 2000, this document collects previous studies in the area that could be used to see how
recommendations for the neighborhood have been changed or adapted for the times. Phans outcomes are very comprehensive and he emphasized
integrating the study area into surrounding neighborhoods, identifying gateways and having Hull Street, Commerce Road and Maury Street, which
are the boundaries of Industrial Manchester, as major commercial streets serving the area.
Many changes have occurred since Phans report and The Richmond Downtown Plan were completed, the single most important change is that
zoning in the district is now more geared towards mixed-use development; and not so much oriented to the historic industrial uses, pointed out
one of the Manchester Alliance representatives (see Appendix A for the residents survey).

Figure 8: Industrial Manchester Master Plan (2008)


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INDUSTRIAL MANCHESTER: Urban DeSign Framework 2014

Approach and Methods


As planners, we must take into account many considerations when approaching a neighborhood that reflects conflicts between private and public
interests such as Industrial Manchester. Population projections, existing uses, land demand projections, land opportunities and constraints, property
rights, economic development, and ethical principles are just some of the interests that may arise in the discussions, interactions and analyses. The
proposal design and recommendations must be sensitive to these considerations. Some of the questions that need to be asked include, but are not
limited to:

How in a land-locked city do we re-define and revitalize some areas to generate new neighborhood choices, provide for potentially new
businesses, spur investment, help grow the tax base of the city and is sustainable over the next decades?
This question was brought by the client and is considered the driving question of the document, defining the kind of recommendation needed
to satisfy client expectations.
Land-Locked refers to Industrial Manchester and its unlikelihood to grow geographically, thus having to grow economically within the
current land area.

What is the history of development in Industrial Manchester?


Understanding the distinctive aspects of the Industrial Manchesters heritage will ensure character of the community will be preserved
throughout the plans recommendations.

How have planning tools (zoning and land use pattern) affected the existing appearance, configuration and functionality of the
neighborhood?
Analyses of zoning and land use represent a primary component of the technical analysis for this document. This question, however, brings a
set of other questions that need to be answered, such as: Does current land use need to be redefined to accomplish the goal of this document?
What are the zoning and/or ordinance amendments that should be proposed in order to reach the goals and objectives of this document?

What local incentives, other than tax credits can be used by local government to ensure redevelopment while enhancing the historic
character of the area?
Historic tax credits, while having fostered reinvestment in Manchester, have little effect on providing urban design elements associated with
vibrant streets, transparency, permeability, pedestrian scale, open space, etc. A new model of incentives needs to be created without historic
tax credit restrictions in order to create a livable and vital neighborhood. Historic tax credits have limited the potential of Industrial
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INDUSTRIAL MANCHESTER: Urban DeSign Framework 2014

Manchester enhancements, according to stakeholders, a second generation of tax credits needs to be created, pointed out one of the
participants in the first client focus group (refer to Appendix A for details of the first client focus group).

Aside from the Riverfront area as a future public park along the James River, what other areas are ideal for establishing public open
spaces for the neighborhood?
The lack of public open spaces is evident in Industrial Manchester. Both the client and residents concluded that public open spaces such as
civic plazas, pocket parks and walkable streets are vital in order to have a livable neighborhood. In addition, the most common comment of
residents during development of the Downtown Master Plan was the need for public gathering spaces within the central blocks or central
streets of Industrial Manchester. Questions related to the lack of public open spaces are: What planning tools can we use to incorporate public
open spaces in the neighborhood? What is the density necessary to create open spaces within the neighborhood?

Is there any strategic building or intersection in which innovative urban design principles can be applied to show developers future
possible solutions, without tax credit restrictions?
Specific locations will be provided by the client and residents.

What are the assets or resources available in Industrial Manchester?


Discovering neighborhood assets and mapping these assets allows communities to rebuild from the inside out (Kretzmann and Mcknight
1993). Asset mapping is a collaborative exercise that helps create a map of resources available in a specific community. This document will
create an asset map with the collaborative effort of residents and stakeholders. Ideally a complete picture of the areas strengths and needs is
necessary when addressing the topic of connecting the community with adjacent neighborhoods, the creation of places and increasing density.
In addition, this document defined assets as people and places that are or could contribute to enhancement of Industrial Manchester.

Information to answer these questions will be collected from available documents such as local and regional comprehensive plans. Information
from various public agencies such as The Richmond Department of Parks, Recreation and Community Facilities, Virginia Department of
Conservation and Recreation, the Department of Public Utilities of Richmond, the Police Department of Richmond, the Department of Planning
and Development Review, City of Richmond GIS data and the latest US Census Bureau. Other secondary sources such as historical books will
also be considered for review. As mentioned previously, input from stakeholders and residents will be a key driver for this document, thus surveys,
community meetings, individual interviews, site visits, local tourist tours (such as the floodwall) and oral histories are techniques that will be used
to collect data. This combination of technical analyses with the participatory processes allows having a better understanding of the social,
economic, political and historical influences in Industrial Manchester. The analysis of this data will be presented in maps, graphics, charts and
pictures to provide visual understanding of the document.
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INDUSTRIAL MANCHESTER: Urban DeSing Framework

Plan Road Map


I:
INTRODUCTION

II:
RESEARCH

III:
VISION

IV:
APPENDIX

The Industrial Manchester Urban Design Framework is organized into four sections:
Introduction, Research, Vision and Appendix.
The Introduction provides context of the study area, describes the purpose of this
document and defines concepts that guide its creation. In addition, it explains how
contemporary planners typically address similar situations and identifies three comparable
plans that are guiding the development of this document.
The Research section contains an analysis of existing conditions (moving from macroscale to micro-scale: from the neighborhood to the architectural level) including
demographic, zoning, land use, topography, desirable views and current development trends,
as these are factors that matter when making planning and design decisions. This section also
includes a list of assets and challenges together with an asset map of the study area.
The Vision section contains the vision for Industrial Manchester through goals, objectives
and strategies. This section is organized in three guiding principles: connectivity,
placemaking and density. This section also provides a main concept for the neighborhood,
reinforcing its character with established attributes such as natural settings, relation to the
river and history. In addition, this section identifies key buildings, intersections or specific
nodes to visualize what these places would look like if appropriate and innovative design
solutions were applied. These buildings were selected during the development of the first part
of this plan and represent the second generation of historic tax credits for the Industrial
Manchester.
Finally, the Appendix contains the resources list, any additional analysis made during the
planning process as well as the result of the residents, stakeholders and local authorities
meetings, focus groups and surveys.

ROAD MAP
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