‘Seal and Rearonship Therapy
Vol 19, No, 3, Aust 2008 BrunnerRowtedget rts
Broken hearts and mending bodies:
the impact of trauma on intimacy
BO MILLS & GORDON TURNBULL
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Introduction.
‘Many people find tha thei ability to relate to others has an altered quality folowing
perfonal cxposure to trauma. The scientific literature strongly supports this
‘observation. Its quite clear thatthe development of blunted emotionality and also
cognitive functioning is such a regular feature of posttraumatic tres rections that
these phenomena are regarded as primary criteria for making the diagnosis of Post-
“Traumatic Stree Disorder (PTSD). Italo follows that the ablity to relate 1 &
uauma survivor will become different. The ‘re’ of normal human interaction, with
all the complestes involved in sharing impressions of the woed, can become well
tnd cruly ‘cra, "The impact is not focused exclusively om intimate edaonships,
though that is where the changes are usually Flt most keenly, and the net spreads
Widely to influence interactions with partners, fiends, family, co-woeksrs, and
feverytody ce with whom the trauma Survivor comes inte contact (International
Society of Traumatic Stess Studies [ISTSS] Fact Sheet 2003). This pple fs?
leaves a flotsam of pieces of damaged relationships in its wake leading to dyadic
splitting, separation, and unhappy isolation and itis imporcant wo see that his applies
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to both sides ofthe relationships chat are compromised by the impact of the trauma.
“The management of prcholagia! trauma has taken its natural lead from it orebear,
plosical waiams, and as tended to focus on the most noticeable and most urgent
reeds in the aftermath of uaumatc situation, the needs of the trauma-exposed
Individual. Perhaps this has had to be the ease in what we must remember is a
relatively new field of serious study of dhe human psyche, Dut this article seeks (0
{encourage further exploration beyond the boundaries of the individ to look atthe
Impact of wauma on partners and ether family members who have expcienced the
trauma directly or indirectly (D'Ardanne & Morrod, 2003).
Literature review
1 is well established that a history of sexual trauma, inching childhood sexusl
abuse, can lead to the development of significant sexual dificult in adult ie (De
‘Siva, 2001). An extensive literature has clearly demonstrated links between sexval
bust in childhood and serious, negative consequences fora person's later sexual
functioning and intimacy (Courtois, 1979; Jehu, 1988; Finkelhor, 1990). Iti also
‘well recognized that following rape and sexual torture, individuals sufer sexual
‘ysfunetion (Feldman-Summers etal, 1979, Becker e al, 1986). Females suffer
avoidance of intimacy and problems with «rst and openness in eubsequent
‘elationships. This results in loss of interest in sex, sexual phobias, vaginismus,
dificultes with sexual arousal and anorgasmia, Male vitims of rape or oer sex
assault are reported to develop subsequent sexual dysfunction, common problems
boeing lost of interest in sexual engagement, sexusl phobias, physical pala during
intercourse and erectile dysfunction (Mezey & King, 1989;Vearnals & Campbel,
2001).
Following female genital mutation, immigrant women i culate with diferent
for ‘more liberal” attitudes towards ‘sexuality may face challenges or altered
fexpectations a¢ a result of the new sexual culture, media or new peers. ‘The
ircumelsed woman awate of differences in the appearance of her genitalia my fel