BTAE

Assignment Booklet
B. Tech.
in
Aerospace Engineering
Programme
Fourth Semester
Course Code

Course Title

ET 201B

Thermodynamics

BAS 010

Machine Design.

BAS 011

Aircraft Systems &

Airworthiness Requirements

BAS - 012

Aerodynamics - I

BAS - 013

Propulsion I

School of Engineering and Technology

INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY

Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110 068

JANUARY, 2013

B. Tech in Aerospace Engineering

Dear Student,
As we explained in the Programme Guide for B. Tech in Aerospace Engineering, you will have to do
one Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA) for each course.
You will find that the questions in the Assignments are analytical and descriptive so that you can
better understand and comprehend the concepts.
Before you attempt the Assignments, please read the instructions carefully provided in the
Programme Guide. It is important that you write the answer to all the TMA questions in your own
words. Your answers should be in brief and to the point. Remember, writing answers to assignment
questions will improve your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
You are to submit the assignments to the Coordinator of your Centre. You must obtain a receipt from
the Centre for the Assignments submitted and retain it with you. It is desirable to keep a photocopy
of the assignments submitted by you.
Once evaluated, the Centre will return the assignments to you. Please insist on this. The Centre will
send the marks to the SR&E Division at IGNOU, New Delhi.
Submission
You need to submit the Assignments within the stipulated date for being eligible to appear in the
term-end examination.
All Assignments are to be submitted by 31 st March, 2013 to the Coordinator of the Centre allotted to
you.

GUIDELINES FOR SUBMITTING THE ASSIGNMENTS

We expect you to answer each question as per instructions in the assignment. You will find it useful
to keep the following points in mind :
Planning
Read the assignment carefully; go through the Units on which they are based. Make some points
regarding each question and then rearrange them in a logical order.
Organisation
Be a little selective and analytical before drawing up a rough outline of your answer. Give
adequate attention to questions introduction and conclusion.
Make sure that
(a)

The answer is logical and coherent.

(b)

It has clear connections between sentences and paragraphs.

(c)

The presentation is correct in your own expression and style.

Presentation
Once you are satisfied with your answer, you can write down the final version for submission.
It is mandatory to write the assignment neatly in your own handwriting. If you so desire, you
may underline the points you wish to emphasize. Make sure that the answer is within the
stipulated word limit.

(Mr. Shashank Srivastava)

Programme Coordinator
2

BTAE

TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT

ET-201-B
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
Maximum Marks : 100
Weightage : 30%
Note :

Course Code : ET-201 B

Last Date of Submission : March 31, 2013

All questions are compulsory and carry equal marks. This assignment
is based on all Blocks of Engineering Thermodynamics.

Q1.

(a)

Define a thermodynamic system. Differentiate between open system, closed system

and isolated system.

(b)

A cylindrical vessel of 60 cm diameter and 80 cm height contains 3.2 kg of a gas. The

pressure measured with manometer indicates 60 cm of Hg above atmosphere when
barometer reads 760 mm of Hg. Find:
(i)
(ii)

Q2.

The absolute pressure of the gas in the vessel in bar, and

Specific volume and density of gas.

The following data belongs to a Diesel cycle:

Compressor ratio = 16:1;
Heat added = 2500 KJ/Kg;
Lowest pressure in the cycle = 1 bar;
Lowest temperature in the cycle = 270c;
Determine:
(i)
(ii)

Q3.

(a)
(b)

Q4.

Distinguish between the term change of state, path and process with the help of a
suitable example.
What are intensive and extensive properties? What is meant by thermodynamic
equilibrium? Explain.

0.1 m3 of an ideal gas at 300 k and 1 bar is compressed adiabatically to 8 bar. It is then
cooled at constant volume and further expanded isothermally so as to reach the
condition from where it is started. Calculate:
(i)
(ii)

Q5.

Thermal efficiency of the cycle.

Mean effective pressure.

Pressure at the end of constant volume process.

Change in internal energy during constant volume process.

A single stage reciprocating compressor takes 1m3 of air per minute at 1.013 bar and 15 0C
and delivers it at 7 bar. Assuming that the law of compression is P v1.35=constant, and the
clearance is negligible, calculate the indicated power.
3

Q6.

(a)
(b)

Explain in brief the Clausius statement of second law of thermodynamics.

A carnot cycle operates between source and sink temperature of 250 0C and -150C. If
the system recieves 90 kJ from the source, find:
(i)
Efficiency of the system
(ii)
The network transfer
(iii)
Heat rejected to sink

Q7.

(a) Define heat engine, refrigerator and heat pump.

(b) A heat engine receives heat at the rate of 1500 KJ/min and gives an output of 8.2 kW.
Determine:
(i)
Thermal efficiency
(ii)
The rate of heat rejection

Q8.

(a)
(b)

The coefficient of performance of a Carnot Refrigerator, when it extracts 8350 KJ/min

from a heat source is 5. Find the power required to run the compressor.
Explain in brief the simple vapour absorption refrigeration system.

Q9.

(a)
(b)

Describe in brief the various non-conventional energy sources.

What are the major functions and duties of an energy manager? Explain.

Q10.

(a)
(b)

What is the significance of energy for national economy development? Explain.

What are the environmental aspects of energy use? Explain.

BTAE

TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT

BAS-010
MACHINE DESIGN
Maximum Marks : 100
Weightage : 30%
Note :

Course Code : BAS-010

Last Date of Submission : March 31, 2013

All questions are compulsory and carry equal marks. This assignment
is based on all Blocks of Machine Design.

.
Q1

Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives

(a) Factor of safety for fatigue loading is the ratio of
(i) Elastic limit to the working stress
(ii) Youngs modulus to the ultimate tensile strength
(iii) Endurance limit to the working stress
(iv)Elastic limit to the yield point
(b) In a transverse fillet welded joint, the size of weld isthe throat of weld
(i) 0.5 times
(ii) equal to
(iii) 2 times (iv) double
(c) The smallest diameter of an external or internal screw thread is known as
(i) minor diameter
(ii) major diameter
(iii) pitch diameter
(iv) none of the above
(d)The railway carriage couplings have
(i) square threads
(ii) ACME threads
(iii) knuckle threads
(iv) buttress threads
(e) When a nut is tightened by placing a washer below it, the bolt will be subjected to
(i) tensile stress
(ii) compressive stress
(iii) shear stress
(iv) None of these
(f) In a steam engine, the valve rod is connected to an eccentric rod by means of
(i) cotter joint
(ii) knuckle joint
(iii) universal joint
(iv) flange coupling
(g) A spring is used to
(i) measure force
(iv) store energy

(ii) apply forces

(v) All of these

(iii)absorb shocks & vibrations

(vi) None of these

(h) The cam follower generally used in automobile engines is

(i) knife edge follower
(ii) flat faced follower
(iii) spherical faced follower (iv) roller follower
(i) In a full journal bearing, the angle of contact of the bearing with the journal is
(i) 120
(ii) 180
(iii) 270
(iv) 360
(j) The radial distance of a tooth from the pitch circle to the top of the tooth is called
(i) dedendum
(ii) addendum (iii) clearance (iv) working depth

Q2

Define the following with their physical significance in Mechanical Design.

(a) Stress strain diagram for mild steel
(b) Bending stress
(c) Fatigue and creep
(d) Notch sensitivity
(e) Hardness, toughness and resilience

Q3

(a) A solid circular shaft is subjected to a bending moment of 3000 N-m and a torque of
10000 N-m. The shaft is made of 45C - 8 steel having ultimate tensile stress of 700
MPa and an ultimate shear stress of 500 MPa. Assuming factor of safety as 6,
determine the diameter of the shaft.
(b) A helical spring B is placed inside the coils of a second helical spring A, having the
same no of coils and free length. The springs are made of the same material. The
composite spring is compressed by an axial load of 2300 N which is shared between
them. The mean diameter of the spring A and B are 100 mm and 70 mm respectively
and wire diameter are 13 mm and 8 mm respectively. Find the load taken and
maximum stress in each spring.

Q4

(a) The cylinder head of a steam engine is subjected to a pressure of 1 N/mm 2. It is held
in position by means of 12 bolts. The effective diameter of the cylinder is 300 mm. A
soft copper gasket is used to make the joint leak proof. Determine the size of the
bolts so that the stress in the bolt does not exceed 100 MPa.
(b) A 1259510 mm angle is joined to a frame by two parallel fillet welds along the
edges of 150 mm leg. The angle is subjected to a tensile load of 180 kN. Find the
lengths of weld if the permissible static load per mm weld length is 430 N.

Q5

(a) A plate clutch has three discs on the driving shaft and two discs on the driven shaft,
providing four pairs of contact surfaces. The outside diameter of the contact surfaces
is 240 mm and inside diameter 120 mm. Assuming uniform pressure and = 0.3, find
the total spring load pressing the plates together to transmit 25 kW at 1575 r.p.m.
If there are 6 springs each of stiffness 13 kN/m and each of the contact surfaces has
worn away by 1.25 mm, find the maximum power that can be transmitted, assuming
uniform wear.
(b) A rope drum of an elevator having 650 mm diameter is fitted with a brake drum of 1m
diameter. The brake drum is provided with four cast iron brake shoes each
subtending an angle of 45. The mass of the elevator when loaded is 2000 Kg and
moves with a speed of 2.5 m/s. The brake has a sufficient capacity to stop the
elevator in 2.75 meters. Assuming the coefficient of friction between the brake drum
and shoes as 0.2, find:
(i)
Width of the shoe, if the allowable pressure on the brake shoe is limited to
0.3N/mm
(ii) Heat generated in stopping the elevator.

Q6.

(a) Describe different types of cams and followers.

(b) Design a belt drive to transmit 110 kW for a system consisting of two pulleys of
diameter 0.9 m and 1.2 m, respectively centre distance of 3.6 m, a belt speed 20 m/s,
coefficient of friction 0.3, a slip of 1.2% at each pulley and 5% friction loss at each
shaft, 20% overload.

Q7.

(a) A 45 mm diameter shaft is made of steel with a yield strength of 400 MPa. A parallel
key of size 14 mm wide and 9 mm thick made of steel with a yield strength of 340
MPa is to be used. Find the required length of key, if the shaft is loaded to transmit
the maximum permissible torque. Use maximum shear stress theory and assume a
factor of safety of 2.
(b) Write different causes (modes) of gear tooth failure

Q8.

(a) A cast iron pulley transmits 20 kW at 300 r.p.m. The diameter of pulley is 550 mm and
has four straight arms of elliptical cross section in which the major axis is twice the
minor axis. Find the dimensions of the arm if the allowable bending stress is 15 MPa.
Mention the plane in which the major axis of the arm should lie.
(b) Explain different failures of a riveted joint

Q9.

(a) An electric motor driven power screw moves a nut in a horizontal plane against a
force of 75 kN at a speed of 300 mm/min. The screw has a single square thread of 6
mm pitch on a major diameter of 40 mm. The coefficient of friction at screw threads is
0.1. Estimate power of the motor.
(b) Design a clamp coupling to transmit 30 kW at 100 r.p.m. The allowable shear stress
for the shaft and key is 40 MPa and the number of bolts connecting the two halves
are six. The permissible tensile stress for the bolts is 70 MPa. The coefficient of
friction between the muff and the shaft surface may be taken as 0.3.

Q10

(a) A gear drive is required to transmit a maximum power of 22.5 kW. The velocity ratio
is 1:2 and r.p.m. of the pinion is 200. The approximate centre distance between the
shafts may be taken as 600 mm. The teeth has 20 stub involute profiles. The static
stress for the gear material (which is cast iron) may be taken as 60 MPa and face
width as 10 times the module. Find the module, face width and number of teeth on
each gear.
Check the design for dynamic and wear loads. The deformation or dynamic factor in
the Buckingham equation may be taken as 80 and the material combination factor for
the wear as 1.4.
(b) Design a journal bearing for a centrifugal pump running at 1440 r.p.m. The diameter
of the journal is 100 mm and load on each bearing is 20 kN. The factor ZN/p may be
taken as 28 for centrifugal pump bearings. The bearing is running at 75C
temperature and the atmospheric temperature is 30C. The energy dissipation
coefficient is 875W/m2/C. Take diametral clearance as 0.1 mm.

BTAE

TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT

BAS-011
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS & AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS
Maximum Marks : 100
Weightage : 30%
Note :

Course Code : BAS-011

Last Date of Submission : March 31, 2013

All questions are compulsory and carry equal marks. This assignment
is based on all Blocks of Aircraft Systems & Airworthiness Requirements.

.
Q.1 Fill in the blanks
(a)

Ruddervators combine the function of _____________ and __________ for an aircraft.

(b)

During landing of aircraft ____________ and ___________ are deployed to increase lift
of an aircraft.

(c ) Bladder of hydraulic reservoir is made up of ____________ rubber.

(d)

Operating AC voltage and frequency for an aircraft are ____________ and ________.

(e)

Electrolyte of lead consist of ___________ and ____________.

(f)

Atmospheric air consists of _____________ % of oxygen by volume.

(g)

Absolute pressure = _____________________ + ____________________

(h)

Pitot Static System measures _________________, _____________ and ______ flight

data for an aircraft.

(i)

Class C fire consists of burning of __________ fires.

(j)

Chromel is an alloy of _____________ and ____________.

Q.2 (a)
(b)
Q.3 (a)

Why an Aircraft is Required to be weighed? Explain.

What is zero fuel weight? Explain.
Explain the Principle of Electro Hyduaulic Servo System. Describe two of its application
in an Aircraft system.

(b ) What is the purpose of pneumatic system and why it is required in an aircraft?

Q.4 (a)

Explain briefly the various types of power generators used in aircraft.

(b ) Explain briefly the different types of batteries used in an aircraft.

Q.5 What is environmental control system? Why is it required in an aircraft and what are the factors
that affect cabin/cockpit temperatures?
Q.6 (a)

What are the different types of contaminations in Hydraulic system? Explain their effects
on system performance.

(b)

What are the different categories and sub-division of aircraft for issuance of air
worthiness certificate as per Civil Aviation Requirements, Section II, Series f?

Q.7 (a)

Explain the working of Gravity feed and pressure feed fuel system. Give its advantages
and disadvantages.

Q.8 (a)

What is the difference between Systron Donner and Lindberg fire Protection Systems?

(b)

Explain with a sketch the working principle of photo electric detectors and ionization type
smoke detectors.

Q.9 (a)
(b)
Q10 (a)
(b)

What are the objectives of CAR, JAR and ICAO?

What are the symptoms of hypoxia at various altitudes?
Explain chemical oxygen generator system.
What is cabin pressure differential and why it is not allowed to exceed a given value?

BTAE

TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT

BAS-012
AERODYNAMICS-I
Maximum Marks : 100
Weightage : 30%
Note :

Course Code : BAS-012

Last Date of Submission : March 31, 2013

All questions are compulsory and carry equal marks. This assignment
is based on all Blocks of Aerodynamics-I.

.
Q1. Derive the energy equation for a compressible flow.
Q2. Derive the mathematical equation for a streamline in Cartesian co-ordinate system.
Q3. (a)

(b)

y
x
v 2
. Calculate the
2 and
(x y )
(x y2 )
equation of the streamline passing through the point (10,0).
Consider the velocity field given by u

For the velocity field given above, calculate the velocity.

Q4. Derive the expression for vorticity in terms of the velocities in x, y and z directions respectively.
Q5. (a)

Consider a low-speed subsonic wind tunnel with a 12/1 contraction ratio for the nozzle. If
the flow in the test section is at standard sea-level conditions with a velocity of 50 m/s.
Calculate the height with a velocity of 50 m/s. Calculate the height difference in a U-tube
mercury manometer with one side connected to the nozzle inlet and the other to the test
section.

(b)

An airplane is flying at standard sea level. The measurement obtained from a Pitot tube
mounted on the wing tip reads 2190 lb/ft2. What is the velocity of the air plane?

Q6. Derive the fundamental equation of thin airfoil theory.

Q7. Consider a finite wing with an aspect ratio of 8 and a taper ratio of 0.8. The airfoil section is
thin and symmetric. Calculate the lift and induced drag co-efficient for the wing when it is at an
angle of attack of 5. Assume that = n
Q8. Explain downwash and induced drag in detail.
Q9. Derive the expression for the induced angle of attack considering an elliptical lift distribution.
Q10. Explain uniform flow, source flow, doublet flow with the help of neat sketches. Also bring out
the differences between them.

10

BTAE

TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT

BAS-013
PROPULSION-I
Maximum Marks : 100
Weightage : 30%
Note :

Course Code : BAS-013

Last Date of Submission : March 31, 2013

This Assignment is based on all Blocks of Propulsion-I.

Q1. Answer the following in short

a) What are the various processes of diesel cycle?
b) Define air standard cycle efficiency.
c) Define mean effective pressure as applied to gas power cycles. How it is related to
indicated power of an I.C engine?
d) Define the following terms. (i) Compression ratio (ii) Cut off ratio , (iii) .Expansion
ratio
e) What is Fourier's Law of heat conduction?
f) Sketch, temperature and velocity profiles in free convection on a vertical wall.
g) Define (i)Shape factor(ii) Emissivity of a surface(iii) Irradiation(iv) Radiosity
h) Define Wien's distribution law.
i) Why does a diesel engine not require carburettor?
j) What are the advantages and disadvantages of air cooled engines?
Q2. A Dual combustion air standard cycle has a compression ratio of 10. The constant
pressure part of combustion takes place at 40 bar. The highest and the lowest
temperature of the cycle are 1725 C and 27 C respectively. The pressure at the
beginning of compression is 1 bar.
Calculate
i. The pressure and temperature at key points of the cycle.
ii. The heat supplied at constant volume,
iii. The heat supplied at constant pressure.
iv. The heat rejected.
v. The work output.
vi.
The efficiency and
vii. Mep.

Q3. The following results refer to a test on a petrol engine Indicated power = 30 kW, Brake
power = 26 kW, Engine speed = 1000 rpm, Fuel brake power/ hour = 0.35 kg, Calorific
11

value of fuel = 43900kJ/kg

Calculate
(i)
The indicated Thermal efficiency
(ii)
The brakeThermal efficiency
(iii)
The Mechanical efficiency
Q4.

(i)

(ii)

Q5.

(i)

A furnace wall consists of three layers. The inner layer of 10 cm thickness is

made of firebrick (k =.04W/mK). The intermediate layer of 25 cm thickness is
made of masonry brick (k = 0.69 W/mK) followed by a 5 cm thick concrete wall
(k = 1.37 W/mK). When the furnace is in continuous operation the inner
surface of the furnace is at 800C while the outer concrete surface is at 50C.
Calculate the rate of heat loss per unit area of the wall, the temperature at the
interface of the firebrick and masonry brick and the temperature at the
interface of the masonry brick and concrete.
An electrical wire of 10 m length and 1 mm diameter dissipates 200 W in air at
25C. The convection heat transfer coefficient between the wire surface and
air is 15 W/mK. Calculate the critical radius of insulation and also determine
the temperature of the wire if it is insulated to the critical thickness of
insulation.

(ii)

Cylindrical cans of 150 mm length and 65 mm diameter are to be cooled from

an initial temperature of 20C by placing them in a cooler containing air at a
temperature of 1C and a pressure of 1 bar. Determine the cooling rates when
the cans are kept in horizontal and vertical positions.
Two parallel, infinite grey surfaces are maintained at temperature of 127C
and 227C respectively. If the temperature of the hot surface is increased to
327C, by what factor is the net radiation exchange per unit area increased?
Also calculate the radiation heat exchange between them. Assume the
emissivities of cold and hot surface to be 0.9 and 0.7 respectively

Q6.

(i)
(ii)

Describe briefly the different lubricating system.

Explain the various properties of lubricants.

Q7

(i)
(ii)

Explain various cooling systems in details.

Define carburettion. Describe the construction and working of simple
carburettor with neat sketch. State its limitation.

Q8

Write short notes on the following:

(i)
Ram jet engine
(ii)
Ignition system for aircraft engine
(iii)
Superchargers
(iv)
Combustion in S.I engine.

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