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Respiratory rate
30 - 40 / min
Infant
24 - 40 / min
Toddler
School age 18 - 30 / min
Adolescent 12 - 16 / min
Table 3. Tachypnoea in children
Age
Breaths/minute
< 2 mths
> 60
2 mths - 1 yr > 50
1 yr - 5 yrs
> 40
Anthropometric Measurements
Head Circumference
rate of growth in preterm infants approximates that
of term infant when chronological age reaches term
the head circumference increases by 12 cm in the
1st year of life ( 6 cm in first 3 months, then 3 cm
in second 3 months, and 3 cm in last 6 months)
and only 2 cm in the 2nd year of life
the rate of cerebrospinal production is 0.35 ml/min or
500 ml/day (total CSF volume is 50 mls in newborns,
increasing to 150 mls in adulthood)
GENERAL PAEDIATRICS
GENERAL PAEDIATRICS
Weight
in the first 7 - 10 days of life, babies lose 10 - 15% of their birth weight
in the first 3 months of life, the rate of weight gain is 25 gm / day
Babies usually regain their birth weight by the
Table 8. Weight for age (rough guide)
7 - 10th day, double this by 5 months age, and
Age
Weight (kg)
triple the birth weight by 1 year of age
birth
3.5
1 year
10
formula to calculate weight for age:
2 year
20
1 - 9 yrs : Wt (kg) = (Age in yrs + 4) x 2
3 year
30
7 - 12 yrs: Wt (kg) = Age in yrs x 3
Length and height
Table 9. Length and height for age
Age
Length / height
birth
50 cm
6 mths
68 cm
1 yr
75 cm
2 yr
85 cm
3 yr
95 cm
4 yr
100 cm
5-12 yr
5 cm / yr
Haematology
Routine Haematological Values
Table 10. Normal values for haematological parameters
Age
Hb (g/dL) PCV (%) Retics MCV (fL) MCH (pg) TWBC Neutrophil Lymphocytes
Lowest Lowest (x1000) (Mean) (Mean)
13.720.1 45-65 5.0
Cord Blood
110
61
9-30
31
13.020.0 42-66 1.0
2 wk
29
5-21
40
63
9.514.5 31-41 1.0
27
6-18
48
3 mo
30
6 mo 6 yr
10.514.0 33-42 1.0 70-74 25-31
6-15
45
48
7-12 yr
11.016.0 34-40 1.0 76-80 26-32 4.5-13.5
55
38
Adult Male
14.018.0 42-52 1.6
80
5-10
55
35
27-32
Adult Female 12.016.0 37-47 1.6
80
5-10
55
35
26-34
Table 11. Differential counts and
Differential WBC
< 7 days
neutrophils > lymphocytes
eosinophils: 2-3%; monocytes: 6-9 %
1 w - 4 yr lymphocytes > neutrophils
Platelets
4 - 7 yr
neutrophils = lymphocytes
platelets are mildly decreased in first few
> 7 yr
neutrophils > lymphocytes
months of age; but by 6 months have
reached 250 - 300 x 10
Erytrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
should be < 16 mm/hour in children, provided the PCV is at least 35%.
Other normal values are found in the relevant chapters of the protocol.
Nelson Textbook of Pediatric 15th Edition
Pediatric Advanced Life Support Textbook 1994.