Group 4

11 - St. Nicholas of Myra

Leader: Garcia, Joanna Mikaela
Members:
Garcia, Kristine Joy
Guanlao, Ivann
Juanillo, Jubilee
Licup, Nathalia Lauren
Lisama, Mikaela Irah
Macapagal, Arvie
American Psychological Association (APA)

The American Psychological Association (APA) citation style is the most

commonly used format for manuscripts in the social sciences, psychology,
education, hotel and restaurant management business and economics.

Guidelines in In-text Citation

Basic Citation Rules

Follow the author-(latest) year of publication method. Although not required, APA
encourages you to indicate the page numbers even in paraphrases or
summaries. Place the period after the citation when it is at the end of the
sentence.

Examples:

According to Sipacio (2014), APA style is required for business student majors.

APA style is applied in the social sciences (Sipacio, 2014).

For two authors,

Example:

According to Sipacio and Barrot (2014), APA style is required for business
student majors.

Use & when the citations are inside the parentheses.

Example:

APA style is required for business student majors (Sipacio & Barrot, 2014).

For three to five authors, name all three during the first citation.

Examples:

According to Sipacio, Barrot, and Sanchez (2014), the APA style is appropriate
for the fields of nursing and education.

The APA style is appropriate for the fields of nursing and

Barrot, and Sanchez, 2014).

Then use the primary author followed by et al. (which means and authors) for
subsequent citations.

education (Sipacio,

Examples:

Sipacio et al. states that in general, the social sciences employ this citation style
(2014).

In general, the social sciences employ this citation style (Sipacio et al., 2014).

Direct Quotations

When you use a direct quote with less than 40 words, you are required to include
the page number(s) enclosed in parenthesis. This page number must be
preceded by p. and pp. for multiple pages.

Examples:

Sipacio (2014) claimed that beginners found the APA style guide to complex (p.
56).

According to Sipacio (2014) beginners found the APA style guide to complex (p.
56).

He claimed that beginners found the APA style guide to complex (Sipacio, 2014,
p. 56) because of several factors.

When you use a direct quote with 40 words or more, you are still required to include the
page number/s. Start your quotation in a new line with indention on the left margin.
There is no need to enclose long quotation marks, but the parenthetical citation should
be placed after the period.
Example:
In his article Poverty in the Philippines: Income, Assets, and Access, Scheliz (2005)
suggests a list of causes of poverty.
(1) low to moderate economic growth for the past 40 years; (2) low growth elasticity
of poverty reduction; (3) weakness in employmet generation and the quality of jobs
generated; (4) failure to fully develop the agricultural sector; (5) high inflation during
crisis periods; (6) high levels of population growth; (7) high and persistent levels of
inequality (incomes and assets), which dampen the positive impacts of economic

expansion; and, (8) recurrent shocks and exposure to risks such as economics crisis,
conflicts, natural disasters, and environmental poverty. (p. 2)
Guidelines in Reference Citations

Articles from an online journal

Barrot, J. S. (2013). A macro perspective on key issues in English as a second

language (ESL) pedagogy in the most postmethod era: Confronting challenges
through sociocognitive-transformative approach. The Asia-Pacific Education
Researcher. Doi: 10.1007/s40299-013-0119-4.
Guthrie, K., & McCracken, H. (2010). Reflective pedagogy: Making meaning in
experimental based online courses. Journal of Educators Online, 7 (2), 1-21.
Retrieved from http://www.thejeo.com/Archives/Volume7Number2/GuthriePaper.pdf.

Book Sections

Antonio, L. C. (2010). Study on recyclables collection trends and

best practices in the
Philippines. In M. Kojima, (Ed), 3R Policies for Southeast and East Asia. ERIA
Research Project Report 2009-10 (40-70). Jakarta: ERA.
Books

Single Author

Friedman, T. L. (2009). Hot, flat and crowded: Why we need a green revolution- and
how it can renew America. NY: Picador.

Two Authors

Dryzek, J. S., & Dunleavy, P. (2009). Theories of the democratic state. NH: Palgrave
Macmillan.

Multiple author (with seven authors)

Plata, S. M., et al. (2006). Research, process and product workbook. Laguna:
Trailblazers Publication.

Conference Proceedings

Sipacio, P. J. (2003). Perceived effectiveness of zero-plastic waste Initiatives in

Philippine cities: A policy review with recommendations for innovation and
sustainability. Proceedings from the 2nd Hongkong International Conference on
Education, Psychology and Society, Hongkong.

Internet Sources
OWL Purdue University Online Writing Lab. (n.d.). APA style. Retrieved from
https;//owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/ 2/10/

Journal Articles

Single author

Magno, C. (2010). The role of metacognitive skills in developing critical thinking.

Metacognition Learning, 5, 137-156.

Two authors

Barrot, J. & De leon, K. (2011). Accuracy order of the grammatical morphemes in the
oral production of preschool pupils. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics. 3 (2),
63-76.

Multiple authors

Barrios, A., Bolanos, E., Cequena, M., Barrot, J., & Gabinete, K. (2013). Investigating
the relationship between college students self-perception and actual performance
in reading and writing. Philippine ESL Journal, 11, 23.

Personal Communication

S. Tabiola (personal communication, November 30, 2014)

(S. Tabiola, personal communication, November 30, 2014)

Same author in the same year

Barrot, J. S. (2013a). A macro perspective on key issues in English as a second

language (ESL) pedagogy in the postmethod era: Confronting challenges through
sociocognitive-transformative approach. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher.
Doi: 10.1007/s4029 9-013-0119-4.
Barrot, J. S. (2013b). Revisiting the role of linguistic complexity in ESL reading
comprehension. 3L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies.
Retrieved from http://core.kmi.open.ac.uk/download/pdf/11494968.pdf

Thesis and Dissertation

Tiu, G. (2013). Toward an internationalization model for De La Salle University (DLSU):

An assessment of current approaches in two Asian institutions (Unpublished
doctoral dissertation). De La Salle University, Manila.