Writing Tips & Strategies

WRITING TIPS
&
STRATEGIES
Centro Universitario de la Defensa de San Javier

A.D. Juan Rubio & I.M. Garca Conesa
English Language I
Industrial Organization Engineering Degree
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THE WRITING PROCESS

Step
Step 1: Brainstorm for Ideas
Process
write down all the ideas you can think of
dont worry about grammar or spelling
dont worry about whether the idea is relevant
Step 2: Organise Your Ideas
decide which ideas to keep and cross out the others

group similar ideas together
put the groups in order according to a writing plan
Step 3: Focus On Language
think of words or expressions you will need in your word
Step 4: Write a First Draft
Write leaving wide margins for notes. Leave space

between lines for additions and corrections
Write quickly. Dont worry about neatness or accuracy
If you cant think of a word in English, write it in your
own language. Look it up in a dictionary later
If you cant spell a word, write it any way you can. Then
check the word in a dictionary when you have finished
Step 5: Check Your Work
use the writers checklist at the end of this page to

improve your work
Step 6: Write a Final Draft
when you are satisfied with your work, copy it neatly

onto a clean sheet of paper
write in pen or type on the computer
be sure to include all your corrections
leave a margin on the left-hand side
make sure your paragraphs are clearly indicated

English Language I
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NOTE:
You can indicate the beginning of a paragraph by:
Indenting (moving the first word of the paragraph to the right)
Skipping a line before beginning a new paragraph
WRITERS CHECKLIST:
CONTENT: Did I..
begin with a suitable opening sentence?
present my ideas clearly?
use relevant details and examples to explain my ideas?
support my ideas with details and examples ?
end with a suitable closing sentence?
use pronouns to refer to the nouns in the paragraph?
use connectors to link my ideas?
LANGUAGE: Did I..

check my grammar?
check my spelling?
check word order?
use correct punctuation?
use capital letters correctly?
use adjectives correctly?
ORGANISATION: Did I..

use suitable connectors?
present the information in a logical order?

English Language I
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WRITING SKILLS
Word Order
Word order is very important in English. The usual order is: subject + verb + object +
additions. But note the following:
1.
If a sentence has got both a direct and an indirect object, there are 2 possibilities:
She gave him a lift ( ) // She gave a gift to him ( )
2.
Time expressions can come at the beginning or the end of the sentence:
Every Tuesday he goes swimming ( ) // He goes swimming every Tuesday ( )
3.
Never separate the verb from its object. We cannot say:

He goes every Tuesday swimming. ( )
4.
Adverbs of manner can come in many positions, but not between the verb and the object.
Slowly, he closed the door ( ) // He closed the door slowly ( )
He slowly closed the door ( ) // He closed slowly the door ( )
5.
Adverbs of manner can come at the beginning of the sentence or before the main verb.
Sometimes we play in the park ( ) // We sometimes play in the park ( )
We play sometimes in the park (
NOTE:
Always and never cannot being or end a sentence. We cannot say:
Always we go swimming (
) // We go swimming never ( )

English Language I
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Subject Verb Agreement

The subject and the verb have to agree in number.
Our dog eats a lot (Singular) // Our dogs eat a lot (Plural)
NOTE:
6.
Singular nouns that refer to groups can have either singular or plural verbs:
The team has / have won the championship
7.
Words with one, -body, - thing have got singular verbs:

Is anybody there? // Nobody likes him // Everything is perfect
8.
Most uncountable nouns have got singular verbs:

Toxic waste is a problem
9.
Some uncountable nouns have got plural verbs:

My jeans are not new
Use of Adjectives
10. Adjectives come before nouns and after certain verbs:

a noisy room ( ) // a room noisy ( ) // I feel sad ( )
11. The adjective form for singular and plural nouns is the same:
a big house ( ) // big houses ( ) // bigs houses ( )
12. Adjectives follow a specific order: opinion + size or age + colour + origin + material:
a beautiful white Persian cat ( ) // a white Persian beautiful cat ( )

English Language I
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WRITING A PARAGRAPH
A paragraph consists of several sentences about a certain topic. It has got the following parts:
A topic sentence: gives the main idea of the paragraph
Supporting sentences: add reasons, details, examples
A concluding sentence: summarises the main idea (not always necessary)
The parts of a paragraph should flow logically. The paragraph must be easy to understand. You
can accomplish this by:
Using pronouns to refer back to the nouns in the text
Using connectors to show the connections between ideas

English Language I
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WRITING AN ESSAY
An essay consists of several paragraphs about a topic. There are many different kinds of essays,
but they have all got he same basic plan:
1. The Opening
The opening is a general presentation of the topic. Try to start your essay with an opening that
will catch your readers interest. Here are some ideas:
Write a short anecdote about real or imaginary events
Begin with one or more questions
Begin with an unidentified pronoun to arouse the readers curiosity
2. The Body
The body has got two or more paragraphs which develop the topic. When you were preparing to
write, you brainstormed for ideas. Then you chose ideas to use and put these ideas into groups in
a logical order. Use these groups of ideas to write the body of the essay. Each group of ideas
will become a separate paragraph.
3. The Closing
The closing is a paragraph which summarises the main idea or presents a conclusion. In some
cases, the closing may be similar to the opening but presented in different words. It should
always leave the reader with a strong impression.

English Language I
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THE TOP 20 COMMENTS ON COMPOSITIONS
Type of error
Error description
1. Verbal Structures
Check verbal structures: infinitive with/without to; verb + ing; infinitive without to
2. Word Order
Check the sentence word order; S + V + C; adverb order; adjective + noun
3. Verbal Tense
Check the verbal tense; third person singular in present tense
4. Vocabulary
Choose another word; be careful with false friends
5. Prepositions
This is not the right preposition; choose the right one
6. Singular or Plural
Check if the word you have written is singular or plural
7. Spelling Error
There is a spelling error in the word; letter missing; not correctly written; plural formation rules
8. Punctuation Error
Check punctuation
9. Rewrite this Sentence
Find another way to write it
10. Basic Grammar

Rules
Check basic grammar rules

English Language I
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11. Omission
We omit certain words such as the
12. Ending of a Word
Check the ending of words: suffixes
13. Pronouns
Check subject pronouns; pronouns after prepositions
14. Missing Elements
Something is missing here: article, preposition, auxiliary verb
15. Textual Structure
Organize your ides in paragraphs; different ideas, different paragraphs (introduction

development conclusion)
16. Missing Connector
You must find the right connector to start, join or close sentences
17. Wrong Connector
This is not the right connector
18. Idioms or Fixed

Expression
This is not well expressed; find the right expression or idiom
19. Meaning not Clear
This sentence makes no sense; write in a different way
20. Wrong Answer
This is not the right answer; answer to the question proposed

English Language I
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CONNECTORS
A. Conectores para expresar opinin personal
First of all
En primer lugar
In my opinion
En mi opinin
As far as Im concerned
Por lo que a m concierne
Personally
Personalmente
From my point of view
Desde mi punto de vista
To begin with
Para empezar
Firstly
Primeramente, en primer lugar
Secondly
En Segundo lugar
B. Conectores para expresar resultado

Thats why
Esto es por lo que
Therefore
Por lo tanto
As result of
Como resultado
Consequently
Consecuentemente
As
Como
Where as
Mientras que
So that
As que / tan que
C. Conectores para expresar opinin distinta

On the other hand
Por otro lado, por otra parte
However
Sin embargo
Anyhow
De todas formas
Anyway
De cualquier forma

English Language I
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In spite of
A pesar de
On the contrary
Por el contrario
Although
Aunque
D. Conectores para aadir informacin

And
But also
Tambin
As if
Como si
Apart from
Aparte de
In addition
Adems
Also
Tambin
For instance
Por ejemplo
E. Conectores para indicar tiempo
When
Cuando
As
Cuando
While
mientras
Meanwhile
Mientras tanto
Previously
Previamente
Since
Desde
Until then
Hasta entonces
Before
Antes
After
Despus
Later
Ms tarde
F. Conectores para concluir texto

In short
En breve
On the whole
Total que
Finally
Finalmente
In sum up
Resumiendo
In the end
Al final
In conclusion
En conclusin, como conclusin

English Language I
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CONNECTORS: LINKING WORDS
TYPE OF
CONNECTORS
Contrast or
opposing ideas
ENGLISH
Although/ even though
/ though / even if
Whereas / While
Despite / In spite of
But / Yet / However /
Nevertheless
On the one hand on
the other hand
In contrast to /
Contrary to / Unlike
SPANISH
Aunque
Mientras
A pesar de
Pero / An / Sin
embargo
Por un lado por otro
En contraste /
Contrariamente
No matter
No importa (que,
quien)
Comparison
Like as + adj + as
Similarly / Both /
Likewise
Como
De igual manera
Reason, cause,
purpose & effect
Because / Since / As
Because of / Due to /
Owing to
Porque / Puesto que

Debido a
In order to / So that /
In order that / in case
For fear
Para / As que
Thats why
Por eso

Por miedo a que
EXAMPLES
Although he is old, he is
very active
He is old, whereas Peter is
young
In spite of his old age, he is
very active
The shopping centre is
small; however I usually
find all I need there
On the one hand, the book
is amusing, on the other
hand, its rather long
In contrast to other horror
films, this one was quite
amusing
No matter who comes, he is
always angry
This book is as interesting
as that one
Paris has some great
museums. Similarly,
London has some wonderful
museums
We arrived late because the
bus broke down
The concert was cancelled
owing to poor ticket sales
Well work tonight in order
to finish it on time
We studied for fear we
wouldnt pass
He was late, thats why she
was so angry.
English Language I

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Time & sequence
Result &
consequence
Addition & example
When / While /
Whenever
First of all / Firstly /
Secondly
Finally / Later / Next /
In conclusion
Therefore /
Consequently / Thus
As a result of
Cuando / Mientras /
Cada vez que
Primero / Segundo
Finalmente / Despus /
En conclusin
Moreover /
Furthermore / In
addition
Adems
Por lo tanto / Entonces

Como resultado
Por ejemplo
For example / for
instance
Focusing
Tan (to) como /

Tambin
As well as / In addition
to / Also
In terms of / In relation En trminos de / En
to
relacin a

Whenever I go shopping I
buy sweets
First of all, Ill buy a car
In conclusion, its
important to teach good
manners
She studied hard.
Therefore, she passed the
exam
As a result of her marks,
she was accepted
The city is a famous music
centre. Furthermore, its
well known for its annual
dance festival
I like all kings of fruit; for
example melons, oranges
and pineapples
Please bring some drinks as
well as snacks
In terms of business, it is an
interesing opportunity
Regarding your proposal,
its quite interesting
English Language I
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INFORMAL CORRESPONDENCE
Informal correspondence is usually in the form of a letter, a postcard or an e-mail. The language
we sue is very similar to the language we would use when speaking to someone we know well.

English Language I
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A NARRATIVE
A narrative is a story about a series of events and the people involved in them. Writing a
narrative is like telling a story.

English Language I
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A BIOGRAPHY
A biography is a description of a persons life. It should include only the most important
information, leaving out irrelevant points. This information is usually presented in a
chronological order.

English Language I
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A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
Descriptions of places usually include details about the location, the scenery and general
atmosphere. When asked to describe a place, use adjectives to enable the reader to see the place
in his mind. It is also important to make recommendations of what to do and not to do there.

English Language I
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AN OPINION ESSAY
When writing an opinion essay, the writer states an opinion and ties to convince the reader that
his opinion is justified. The writer should also present aspects of the topic which support his
point of view.

English Language I
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AN INFORMATIVE ESSAY
An informative essay contains factual information about a topic. The essay should include
historical details, facts and figures, and often specific information.

English Language I
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A FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY

A for and against essay is usually about a topic which is quite controversial. When writing a for
and against essay, the writer presents both sides of an issue and concludes by supporting one of
the sides.

English Language I
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A FILM / BOOK REVIEW

A film or book review gives the name of the film or boon and then describes the main events in
the plot. The conclusion usually contains a recommendation.

English Language I
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A NEWS REPORT
A news report gives information about a recent event. It contains the most important details,
including main events and setting. A news report is written in formal language and presents the
facts objectively.

English Language I
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A FORMAL LETTER
A formal letter is usually written when we want to make a complaint, apply for a job or request
information. The language we use is different to the language we use when writing to someone
we know well.

English Language I
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A SUMMARY
When writing a summary, the writer includes only the important information from an article.
The writer also avoids including an opinion and tries to use his own words where possible.

English Language I
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A CURRICULUM VITAE
When applying for a job, you will often have to supply the employer with your personal details
as well as your educational qualifications and work experience.

English Language I
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COMMON EXPRESSIONS
English
Spanish
a little (of)
un poco de
a little sugar
un poco de azcar
a little while ago
hace poco
a month ago
hace un mes
a month, per month
al mes
a week from today
de hoy en ocho das
a short while after ...
a poco de ...
a week from yesterday
de ayer en ocho das
a week, per week
a la semana
a year ago
hace un ao
about the end of, around the end of a fines de

about, around
a eso de
about, concerning
acerca de
above all, especially
sobre todo
across, through
a travs de
again
de nuevo

English Language I
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again, another time, once more
otra vez
all of a sudden
de repente
all right, okay
est bien
all those that
todos cuantos
almost, nearly
por poco, un poco
along
a lo largo de
an hour ago
hace una hora
and as if that were not enough ...
y por si eso fuera poco ...
And then? So what?
Y bien?
anothertime, once more, again
otra vez
anyway, in any case
de todos modos
apparently
al parecer, por lo visto
around
alrededor de
around here, this way
por aqu
around the beginning of
a principios de
around the end of, about the end of a fines de

around the house
alrededor de la casa
around the middle of
a mediados de
around, about
a eso de, en torno de
as a matter of fact, in fact
en efecto
as far as I am concerned, as for me por mi parte

as for me, as far as I am concerned por mi parte
as for, with regard to, in regard to
en cuanto a
as for, with regard to, in regard to
en cuanto a

English Language I
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as if
como si
as long as, seeing that, since
ya que
as soon as
en cuanto, tan pronto como
as soon as possible
cuanto antes, lo ms pronto posible
as soon as, after
luego que
as well as, the same as
lo mismo que
aside from
aparte de
at an early hour, at daybreak
a la madrugada
at any rate, anyway, in any case
de todos modos
at dawn
de madrugada
at daybreak
al romper el da
at every moment, at every turn
a cada instante
at every turn, at every moment
a cada instante
at first
al principio, al pronto
at full speed
a todo correr
at home
en casa
at last, finally
al fin, por fin
at least
al menos, a lo menos, por lo menos
at most
a todo
at one's ease
a pierna suelta
at the end of
al cabo de
at the same time
a la vez, al mismo tiempo
at the top of, up, on top of
en lo alto de
at this moment
en este momento

English Language I
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at this point
en esto
at times, sometimes
a veces
because of ...
a causa de ...
before
antes de
beside, next to
al lado de
besides, next to
junto a
besides
adems de
blindly
a ciegas
by airmail
por avin
by bicycle
en bicicleta
by car
en coche
by day, in the daytime
de da
by hand
a mano
by heart (memorized)
de memoria
by leaps and bounds
a saltos
by night, at night, during the night de noche

by no means, no way
de ningn modo, de ninguna manera
by phone
por telfono
by the day, per day
por da
by the hour, per hour
por hora
by the week, per week
por semana
carelessly
sin cuidado
close to, near
cerca de
commonly, generally, usually
por lo comn

English Language I
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commonly, generally, usually
por lo comn
concerning, about
acerca de
consequently
por consiguiente
consequently, therefore
por lo tanto
current, up to date
al da
day by day
de da en da, da por da
Do it now!
Hazlo ya!
down, below
de abajo
each time
cada vez
early in the evening
por la noche temprano
early in the morning
por la maana temprano
especially, above all
sobre todo
even though
y eso que
every day
todos los das
every night
todas las noches
every week
todas las semanas
every year
todos los aos
everybody
todo el mundo
everywhere
en todas partes, por todas partes
everywhere
por todas partes
exactly, sharp (when telling time)
en punto
excuse me, with your permission
con permiso
few times, rarely
raras veces
finally
al cabo

English Language I
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finally, at last
al fin, por fin
find someone, to meet someone
dar con alguien
first of all, in the first place
ante todo
for example
pro ejemplo
for just now, for the present
por ahora
for my part
para m
for that matter
para eso
for that reason, therefore
por eso
for the present, for just now
por ahora
for the same reason
por lo mismo
for the time being
por de pronto
for the time being, in the meantime por el pronto

forever
para siempre
free
de balde
frequently
con frecuencia
frequently, often
a menudo
from day to day
de da en da
from now on
de aqu en adelante
from time to time
de cuando en cuando, de vez en

cuando
from today on, from now on
de hoy en adelante
generally, usually
por lo general
generally, usually, commonly
por lo comn
gladly, with much pleasure
con mucho gusto

English Language I
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Good luck!
Qu la vaya bien!, Qu lo pase

usted bien!
high up, up
en alto
home (going to)
a casa
How awful!
Qu barbaridad!
I am coming!
Ya voy!
I don't think so. I think not.
Creo que no.
I should certainly think so!
Ya lo creo!
I think so.
Creo que s.
if only ...
si ya ...
immediately
en seguida
in a bad mood
de mal humor
in a few days
en pocos das
in a hurry
de prisa
in a little while, in a short while
dentro de poco
in a loud voice
en voz alta
in a low voice
en voz bajo
in a short while, in a little while
dentro de poco
in accord, in agreement
de acuerdo
in addition to
adems de
in agreement, in accord
de acuerdo
in all its parts
en un todo
in another way
de otra manera
in any case, anyway
de todos modos

English Language I
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in any case, at any rate, anyway
de todos modos
in case of
en caso de
in each and every way
en todo y por todo
in fact, as a matter of fact
en efecto
in fashion
de moda
in front of
frente a
in my opinion
a mi parecer
in order that, so that
para que, a fin de que
in place of, instead of
en lugar de
in short
en suma
in spite of ...
a pesar de ...
in spite of being
para ser
in spite of everything
as y todo
in that way
de esa manera, de ese modo
in the afternoon
por la tarde
in the afternoon (with a specific

time)
de la tarde
in the air, undecided
en vilo
in the direction of
con rumbo a
in the distance
a lo lejos
in the evening
por la noche
in the evening (with a specific time) de la noche

in the first place, first of all
ante todo
in the house of
en casa de

English Language I
---
in the long run
a la larga
in the meantime, for the time being por lo pronto

in the meantime, for the time being por el pronto
in the middle of
en medio de
in the morning
por la maana
in the morning (a specific time)
de la maana
in the morning (no specific time)
por la maana
in the morning (with a specific time) de la maana

in the open air, outdoors
al aire libre
in the Spanish style
a la espaola
in this way
de esta manera, de esta modo
in vain
en vano, en balde
in writing
por escrito
instead of
en vez de
instead of, in place of
en lugar de
It cannot be help. There's no way.
No hay remedio.
It does not matter.
No importa.
It is probably ...
Debe de ser ...
It is to my liking.
Es de mi agrado
It is too bad.
Es lstima
It isn't so. It isn't true.
No es verdad.
It isn't true. It isn't so.
No es verdad.
it makes no difference
lo mismo da
It ought to be ...
Debe ser ...

English Language I
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jokenly, in fun
en broma
kneeling
de rodillas
lacking, needed, to be wanting
hacer falta
little by little
poco a poco
many times
muchas veces
more and more (each time)
cada vez ms
most of the time
las ms veces
naturally, of course, immediately
desde luego
naturally, of course, immediately
desde luego
near, close to
cerca de
nearly, almost
por poco, un poco
next to, beside
al lado de
next week
la semana que viene
next year
el ao que viene
no longer
ya no
no sooner said than done
dicho y hecho
no way, by no means
de ningn modo, de ninguna manera
not only ... but also
no ya ... sino
not to be in the mood for jokes
no estar para bromas
not to be so important
no ser para tonto
not yet
todava no
nothing like it, unparralleled
sin ejemplo
nothing new, same as usual
sin novedad
nowadays
hoy da

English Language I
---
nowhere
en ninguna parte
of course
por supuesto
Of course!
Ya lo creo! Pues ya!
of course, immediately, naturally
desde luego
often, frequently
a menudo
okay, alright
est bien
on board
a bordo
on foot
a pie
on horseback
a caballo
on the contrary
al contrario, por lo contrario
on the following day, on the next

day
al da siguente
on the next day, on the following

day
al da siguente
on the occasion of
con motivo de
on the other hand
en cambio
on time
a tiempo
on top of it, at the top of, up
en lo alto de
on top of, at the top of, up
en lo alto de
once
una vez
once more, again, anothertime
otra vez
once more, one more time
un vez ms
one by one
de uno en uno, uno a uno
one more time, once more
un vez ms
one of these days
un da de stos

English Language I
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otherwise
de otro modo
out of breath
sin aliento
outdoors, in the open air
al aire libre
outside of
fuera de
per day, by the day
por da
per month, a month
al mes
per week, a week
a la semana
per week, by the week
por hora
per week, by the week
por semana
perhaps
tal vez
please
por favor
please be good enough to
tener la bondad de
presently
a poco
probably
a lo mejor
provided that
con tal que
rarely, few times
raras veces
really, truly
de veras
rely on, to trust (in)
confiar en
retail
al por menor
right away
luego luego
right here
aqu mismo
right now
ahora mismo
right there
all mismo
round-trip ticket
un bilette de ida y vuelta

English Language I
---
safe and sound
sano y salvo
same as usual, nothing new
sin novedad
see you again
hasta la vista
see you later, until later
hasta luego
see you then
hasta entonces
see you tomorrow, until tomorrow
hasta maana
seeing that, since, as long as
ya que
several times
varias veces
sharp, exactly (when telling time)
en punto
shortly after
poco despus
shortly before
poco antes
since, as long as, seeing that ...
ya que
so that, in order that
para que
So what?, And then?
Y bien?
someday
algn da
sometime
alguna vez, algunas veces
sometimes
unas veces
sometimes, at times
a veces
standing
de pie
suddenly
de pronto
That is to say
Es decir ...
that very thing
eso mismo
the bad part, what is bad
lo malo
the best part, what is best
lo mejor

English Language I
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The fact is ...
Es que ...
the first thing I must say
lo primero que debo decir
the good part, what is good
lo bueno
the more ... the more ...
cuanto ms ... tanto ms ...
the same as, as well as
lo mismo que
the same old story
lo mismo de siempre
the same old thing
el mismo de siempre
the same thing, the same
as mismo, lo mismo
the same, the same thing
as mismo, lo mismo
the whole family
toda la familia
there has been ..., there have been ... ha habido ...
there was ..., there were ...
haba , hubo
there were, there was..
haba , hubo
there will be ...
habr ...
there would be ...
habra ...
therefore, for that reason
por eso
There's no way. It cannot be helped No hay remedio.

this very day
hoy mismo
this way, around here
por aqu
through, across
a travs de
throughout
por todo
to (on, at) the left
a la izquierda
to (on, at) the right
a la derecha
to abuse, overindulge in
abusar de

English Language I
---
to agree
estar de acuerdo
to agree on
quedar en
to agree to
convenir en
to approach
acercarse a
to ask a question
hacer una pregunta
to be a fan of
ser aficionado a
to be a question of, to deal with
tratarse de
to be about to ...
estar para ...
to be afraid of
tener miedo de
to be all ears
ser todo idos
to be aware of, to realize
darse cuenta de
to be back
estar de vuelta
to be careful
tener cuidado
to be fashionable, to be in fashion
estar de boga
to be getting late
hacerse tarde
to be happy about
alegrarse de
to be in a good mood
estar de buenas
to be in a hurry
tener prisa
to be in agreement with
estar conforme con, estar de acuerdo

con
to be in fashion, to be fashionable
estar de boga
to be in favor of
estar por
to be kind to
ser amable con
to be late in, to delay in
tardar en

English Language I
---
to be lucky
tener suerte
to be pleased to, to delight in
complacerse en
to be satisfied with
contentarse con
to be standing
estar de pie
to be supposed to
haber de
to be up to date
estar al da
to be used as, to serve as
servir de
to be wanting, lacking, needed
hacer falta
to be wanting, lacking, needed
hacer falta
to become
hacerse
to become accustomed to
acostumbrarse a
to become fond of
aficionarse a
to begin to
comenzar a, empezar a, ponerse a
to break, to tear into pieces, to

smash
hacer pedazos
to care for, to take care of
cuidar de
to change (clothes, planes, subjects,

cambiar de
etc.)
to clap one's hands
dar unas palmadas
to come to an understanding with
entenderse con
to complain about
quejarse de
to consent to
consentir en
to consist of
constar de, consistir en
to count on
contar con
to deal with, to be a question of
tratarse de

English Language I
---
to delay in, to be late in
tardar en
to delight in, to be pleased to
complacerse en
to depend on
depender de
to dream of (about)
soar con
to embrace
dar un abrazo
to enjoy
disfrutar de, gozar de
to enter
entrar en
to face
dar a
to fall in love with
enamorarse de
to feed
dar de comer a
to feel (to be) cold
tener fro
to feel (to be) hungry
tener hambre
to feel (to be) sleepy
tener sueo
to feel (to be) thirsty
tener sed
to feel sorry for, to pity
compadecerse de
to feel (to be) very cold
tener mucho fro
to feel (to be) very thirsty
tener mucha sed
to feel (to be) very warm
tener mucho calor
to feel (to be) warm
tener calor
to find out about
enterarse de
to find something
dar con algo
to finish off, to put an end to
acabar con
to forget
olvidarse de
to fulfill
cumplir con

English Language I
---
to get in to (vehicle)
subir a
to get into
meterse en
to get ready to
disponerse a
to get tired of
cansarse de
to give one's regards
dar recuerdos a
to give something to drink
dar de beber a
to go for a drive
dar un paseo en coche
to go for a short walk
dar una vuelta
to go horseback riding
dar un paseo a caballo
to go shopping
ir de compras
to harm oneself, to hurt oneself
hacerse dao
to harm someone
hacer dao a alguien
to have a headache
tener dolor de cabeza
to have a stomache ache
tener dolor de estmago
to have little to do
tener mucho que hacer
to have something to do
tener algo que hacer
to hit against
dar contra
to hurry
darse prisa
to hurt oneself, to harm oneself
hacerse dao
to insist on
empearse en, insistir en
to invite to
invitar a
to lack
carecer de
to laugh at
rerse de
to learn how to
aprender a

English Language I
---
to look like
parecerse a
to mail, to post a letter
echar al correo
to make fun of
burlarse de
to make up one's mind to
resolverse a
to marry
casarse con
to mean
querer decir
to meet someone, find someone
dar con alguien
to need
hacerle falta
to notice
fijarse en
to overindulge in, to abuse
abusar de
to pack one's suitcase
hacer la maleta
to pack one's trunk
hacer el bal
to pay a visit
hacer una vista
to pick a quarrel with
meterse con
to pity, to feel sorry for
compadecerse de
to play (sports, cards, etc.)
jugar a
to play a joke
hacer una broma
to play the role of
hacer el papel de
to plunge into, to get into
meterse en
to post a letter, to mail
echar al correo
to prepare to
prepararse a
to put an end to, to finish off
acabar con
to put up with
conformarse con
to realize, to be aware of
darse cuenta de

English Language I
---
to recall, to remember
acordarse de
to refuse to
negarse a
to remember, to recall
acordarse de
to ride a bicycle
dar un paseo en bicicleta
to run by leaps and bounds
ir a todo correr
to run into (collide)
tropezar con
to say goodbye to
despedirse de
to say good morning to someone
dar los buenos das a alguien
to serve as, to be used as
servir de
to shake hands with each other
darse la mano
to shake hands with someone
dar la mano a alguien
to shout
dar voces
to smash, to break, to tear into

pieces
hacer pedazos
to smash, to break, to tear into

pieces
hacer pedazos
to smell like
oler a
to sound like
sonar a
to stop
cesar de
to strike against
dar en
to strike the hour
dar la hora
to strive
esforzarse en
to take a trip
hacer un viaje
to take a walk
dar un paseo
to take care of
cuidar de

English Language I
---
to take place
tener lugar
to take the blame for something
tener la culpa de algo
to taste of
saber a
to think about (consider)
pensar en
to trust
fiarse de
to trust (in), rely on
confiar en
to try hard to, to strive
esforzarse en
to try to
tratar de
to welcome
dar la bienvenida
to whisper in one's ears
decirle al odo
to worry about
preocuparse de
to, toward
para con
tomorrow afternoon
maana por la tarde
tomorrow evening, tomorrow night maana por la noche

tomorrow morning
maana por la maana
tomorrow night
maana por la noche
tomorrow night, tomorrow evening maana por la noche

toward, to
para con
truly, really
de veras
twice, two times
dos veces
two times, twice
dos veces
two weeks
quince das
undecided, in the air
en vilo
undoubtedly, without a doubt
sin duda

English Language I
---
unfortunately
por desgracia
unparralleled, nothing like it
sin ejemplo
until later, see you later
hasta luego
until now
hasta ahora
until now, up to here
hasta aqu
until tomorrow, see you tomorrow
hasta maana
unwillingly
de mala gana
up, high up
en alto
up to date, current
al da
up to here, until now
hasta aqu
upstairs
de arriba
What a day!
Vaya (un) da!
What a pity!
Qu lastima!
What are you saying!
Vaya una cosa!
what is bad, the bad part
lo malo
what is best, the best part
lo mejor
what is good, the good part
lo bueno
what is written
lo escrito
whatever is kind
lo simptico
whatever it may be
sea lo que sea
wholesale
al por mayor
willingly
de buena gana
with open arms
con los brazos abiertos
with regard to, in regard to, as for
en cuanto a

English Language I
---
with your permission, excuse me
con permiso
without a care
a pierna suelta
without a doubt, undoubtedly
sin duda
without fail
sin falta
Yes, indeed!
Ya se ve!
yesterday afternoon
ayer por la tarde
yesterday evening
ayer por la noche
yesterday morning
ayer por la maana
You are welcome
De nada. No hay de qu.

English Language I
---
USEFUL SENTENCES
English
Spanish
This text deals with
Este texto trata de
The aim of this text is to answer a crucial

question
El propsito de este texto es contestar

una pregunta muy importante
A problem that is often debated nowadays is that

of
Un problema del que se habla hoy en da

es el de
We must first refer to
En primer lugar debemos referirnos a
There is a wide variety of opinions about
Hay una gran variedad de opiniones

acerca de
What we are mainly concerned with here is
Lo que principalmente nos preocupa aqu

es
We live in a world in which
Vivimos en un mundo en el que
Lets start by considering
Empecemos por considerar
Lets begin by saying that
Empecemos diciendo que
To start with, lets consider
Para comenzar, consideremos que
We must now consider a different aspect of this

subject
Debemos ahora considerar un aspecto

diferente de este tema
If one weighs the pros and cons
Si uno sopesa los pros y contras
Other factors that should be taken into account

are
Otros factores que deberan tenerse en

cuenta son
It will be interesting to see whether
Ser interesante ver si

English Language I
---
It should be pointed out that
Se debera sealar que
We can see, then, that
Podemos ver entonces que
In a word
En una palabra
Another important fact is that
Otro hecho importante es que
My personal opinion on the matter is that
Mi opinin personal sobre el tema es que
My own point of view is that
Mi propio punto de vista es que
It seems to me that
Me parece que
It seems clear that
Parece claro que
According to the writer/author
Segn el escritor
The author asserts/maintains/states/holds that
El autor afirma/mantiene/dice/sostiene
que
The writer draws the attention of the reader to

the following question
El escritor centra la atencin del lector

en la siguiente pregunta
What the author really means is that
Lo que el autor realmente quiere decir es

que
As far as the text is concerned
Por lo que al texto se refiere
The only conclusion to be drawn from all this is

that
La nica conclusin que se saca de todo

esto es que
To conclude, it only remains to add that
Para terminar, slo quedar decir que
In fact, it is rather a question of
De hecho, es ms bien una cuestin de
It is likely/unlikely that
Es probable/improbable que
It is
evident/true/certain/indisputable/undeniable/obvi
ous that
Es
evidente/cierto/indiscutible/innegable/ob
vio que
Lets not forget that
No olvidemos que
Added to this, we must say that
Aadido a esto, debemos decir que
We must distinguish between several aspects of

this subject
Debemos distinguir entre diferentes

aspectos de este tema
The best way of summing up is to
La mejor manera de resumir es

English Language I
---
WRITING TOPICS

English Language I
---

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WRITING TIPS

Centro Universitario de la Defensa de San Javier

THE WRITING PROCESS

Step 2: Organise Your Ideas

decide which ideas to keep and cross out the others

Step 3: Focus On Language

think of words or expressions you will need in your word

Step 4: Write a First Draft

Write leaving wide margins for notes. Leave space

Step 5: Check Your Work

use the writers checklist at the end of this page to

Step 6: Write a Final Draft

when you are satisfied with your work, copy it neatly

Centro Universitario de la Defensa de San Javier

LANGUAGE: Did I..

ORGANISATION: Did I..

Centro Universitario de la Defensa de San Javier

Never separate the verb from its object. We cannot say:

Centro Universitario de la Defensa de San Javier

Subject Verb Agreement

Words with one, -body, - thing have got singular verbs:

Most uncountable nouns have got singular verbs:

Some uncountable nouns have got plural verbs:

10. Adjectives come before nouns and after certain verbs:

Centro Universitario de la Defensa de San Javier

Centro Universitario de la Defensa de San Javier

Centro Universitario de la Defensa de San Javier

THE TOP 20 COMMENTS ON COMPOSITIONS

Check the sentence word order; S + V + C; adverb order; adjective + noun

Check the verbal tense; third person singular in present tense

Choose another word; be careful with false friends

This is not the right preposition; choose the right one

Check if the word you have written is singular or plural

9. Rewrite this Sentence

Find another way to write it

10. Basic Grammar

Check basic grammar rules

Centro Universitario de la Defensa de San Javier

We omit certain words such as the

12. Ending of a Word

Check the ending of words: suffixes

Check subject pronouns; pronouns after prepositions

14. Missing Elements

Something is missing here: article, preposition, auxiliary verb

15. Textual Structure

Organize your ides in paragraphs; different ideas, different paragraphs (introduction

16. Missing Connector

17. Wrong Connector

This is not the right connector

18. Idioms or Fixed

This is not well expressed; find the right expression or idiom

19. Meaning not Clear

This sentence makes no sense; write in a different way

20. Wrong Answer

This is not the right answer; answer to the question proposed

Centro Universitario de la Defensa de San Javier

Por lo que a m concierne

From my point of view

Desde mi punto de vista

Primeramente, en primer lugar

B. Conectores para expresar resultado

Esto es por lo que

As que / tan que

C. Conectores para expresar opinin distinta

Writing Tips & Strategies

Writing Tips & Strategies