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topic
Barriers
subtopic
access
snippet
Reservists and guardsmen facing release from active
duty and return home- often where there is no military
healthcare available-may find themselves in a catch22 situation: either remain on active duty, separated
from family and loved-ones to address medical
questions, or ignore thees and return home sooner.
Barriers
Culture
Barriers
Denial
Barriers
Marine Specific
Barriers
stigma
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subtopic
stigma
snippet
Most veterans seem to seek treatment only after
readjustment problems become a serious hindrance in
daily life.
Barriers
stigma
Barriers
stigma
Barriers
stigma
Barriers
stigma
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subtopic
snippet
Perceived barriers were measured using 12 of the
original items in the Hoge et al research
Study
Barriers
system
Burdensomeness
feelings
Definition
Culture
Demographics
survey
3 of 104
subtopic
survey
snippet
age, education, race/ethnicity, marital status,
parenting status, income, employment status,
predeployment duty component, length of
deployment, time since deployment, military rank,
time in the military, deployment operation, branch of
serevice, and current military status.
Demographics
survey
Demographics
survey
Demographics
survey
Demographics
survey
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subtopic
all volunteer
snippet
OEF/OIF represents a multi-year U.S. Military operation
and is the first operation using a smaller and
volunteer-only military.
Expectations
military
Expectations
servicemember
Instrument
ADPRS
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subtopic
AUDIT
snippet
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
Instrument
CES
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subtopic
CHART
Instrument
CRIS
Instrument
DA 2796
snippet
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subtopic
DAST
snippet
Drug Abuse Screening Test
Instrument
DRRI
Instrument
DRRI
Instrument
DRRI
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subtopic
snippet
DTS
Instrument
INQ-10
Instrument
MCS
Instrument
PCL-M
Instrument
PDRI
Instrument
PDRI
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subtopic
snippet
The PDRI may be an excellent measure to assess postdeployment readjustment difficulties for all returning
veterans regardless of whether they meet criteria for
PTSD.
PDRI
Instrument
PDRI
Instrument
SF-36V
key
AD vs Reserve
key
AD vs Reserve
10 of 104
subtopic
AD vs Reserve
snippet
Due to high operational tempo, augmentees and in
particular reservists are increasingly being called to
serve, sometimes repeatedly in some of the most
demanding mission areas.
key
AD vs Reserve
key
AD vs Reserve
key
AD vs Reserve
11 of 104
subtopic
AD vs Reserve
snippet
Milliken and colleagues found that rates of PTSD and
depression more than doubled among NGR component
soldiers between initial Post Deployment Health
Assessment and the Post Deployment Health
Reassessment conducted about 6 months later. The
increase in emotional problems over time for NGR
soldiers exceeded the rates found in regular active
duty component service members.
key
AD vs Reserve
12 of 104
subtopic
AD vs Reserve
snippet
Because they are not embedded with their military
units following a combat deployment, NGR personnel
may also have lower levels of support from social and
occupational peers, which may also increase risk for
PTSD.
key
AD vs Reserve
key
AD vs Reserve
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subtopic
AD vs Reserve
snippet
It is unclear if the findings generalize to active duty
forces. Differences have been found in estimates of
PTSD in National Guard and Reserve troops relative to
active duty troops (Milliken, 2007) and returning to a
civilian rather than a military setting may heighten
vulnerability to functional impairment distress.
key
AD vs Reserve
Key
commitment
Key
commitment
14 of 104
subtopic
commitment
snippet
Apparent strong links among negative postdeployment work reintegration attitudes, affective
commitment, negative and positive job-related affect,
and intentions to leave the military within the next
year.
key
commitment
key
commitment
key
commitment
key
commitment
15 of 104
subtopic
commitment
snippet
In studies of military personnel, both supervisor
support and coworker support have been found to be
related to commitment.
key
commitment
key
cycle
key
families
key
families
key
families
16 of 104
subtopic
feelings
snippet
Although soldiers (active duty, reservists, and
veterans) described feeling excited and euphoric upon
receiving news that they were returning to the U.S.,
those feelings were quickly replaced by sock and
confusion.
key
feelings
key
feelings
key
feelings
17 of 104
subtopic
snippet
Reducing the perception of stigma among military
personnel must become a priority for policy makers,
clinicians and military leaders.
key
goal
key
IA
Key
identity
key
identity
key
identity
18 of 104
subtopic
identity
snippet
Military training is rooted in the ideal of the warrior,
celebrating the group rather than the individual,
fostering an intimacy based on sameness, and
facilitating the creation of loyal teams, where recruits
develop a "bond that transcends all others, even the
marriage and family bonds we forge in civilian life"
(Tick, 2005, p. 141)
key
identity
key
identity
key
identity
key
Marine Specific
19 of 104
subtopic
programs
snippet
There are three areas in which services that benefit
veterans, either directly or indirectly, are suggested:
support groups for veteranstransition groups for
families and friends of veteransmilitary cultural
competence training for mental health practitioners.
key
programs
key
programs
key
programs
20 of 104
subtopic
programs
snippet
Homecoming activities were not associated with
affective commitment.
key
programs
key
programs
key
programs
key
programs
key
programs
21 of 104
subtopic
programs
snippet
The majority of programs offered to veterans focus on
the treatment of PTSD and do not address the
secondary social difficulties associated with
relationships, family, or career that are significantly
affected by the primary trauma injury symptoms.
key
programs
key
purpose
key
purpose
key
purpose
22 of 104
subtopic
readjustment
snippet
At home, children and family will have matured and
families may have developed new routines to which
the returning military military member must adjust.
key
readjustment
key
readjustment
key
readjustment
23 of 104
subtopic
readjustment
snippet
The transition home is a time period that can last a
few weeks, several months, or sometimes years. This
period is characterized by two indistinct, yet
overlapping, processes. They are "hanging on" to
military friendships and, eventually, realizing that
some of the intimacy and trust developed during
deployment between military friends are no longer as
strong as they used to be.
key
readjustment
key
readjustment
key
readjustment
24 of 104
subtopic
readjustment
snippet
Servicemembers may disengage from interactions
with former friends to decrease their feelings of
awkwardness or alienation.
key
readjustment
key
shared experiences
key
shared experiences
key
shared experiences
25 of 104
subtopic
shared experiences
snippet
Research support the idea that being a part of a
military unit creates an uncommonly strong bond
between military members.
key
shared experiences
key
shared experiences
key
shared experiences
key
shared experiences
26 of 104
subtopic
shared experiences
snippet
"Even with somebody in the Army or other service,
just that military brotherhood that you feel like you
can share and they can actually understand what's
going on and what you're thinking."
key
shared experiences
key
shared experiences
key
shared experiences
key
shared experiences
27 of 104
subtopic
shared experiences
snippet
People who are experiencing the same or similar
stress are optimally able to provide social support that
matches a perceived need, because such shared
experience fosters genuine understanding of the
need.
key
shared experiences
key
shared experiences
key
shared experiences
key
shared experiences
28 of 104
subtopic
social issue
snippet
In addition to death and physical injury, the cost of
war includes a large mental health and public health
burden.
key
social issue
key
social issue
key
social issue
key
society
key
society
29 of 104
subtopic
society
snippet
[lack of understanding] complicated further by the
absence of a national consensus about war, the lack of
validation of soldiers' efforts, and the general lack of
acknowledgement of soldiers who return from war
key
society
key
society
key
stats
As of December 2009, 179,090 active duty (i.e., fulltime) and 71, 217 reserve component service
members were on active duty as of OIF/OEF.
key
stats
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subtopic
snippet
Almost 40% of current service members have been
deployed at least twice (IOM, 2010).
key
stats
key
stats
key
stats
key
stats
key
stats
31 of 104
subtopic
snippet
During the Vietnam War, approximately 28,000 Army
and Air Guardsman were called up for a year of active
duty service, although only about 8,700 deployed to
Vietnam. In contrast, as of November 2006, NGR
component troops made up nearly half (46%) of the
combat brigades in Iraq.
key
stats
Key
stats
key
stats
key
stats
key
stats
32 of 104
subtopic
snippet
The California Community Foundation (2008)
estimates one in five seervicemembers who engaged
in OIF/OEF military operations developed PTSD or
major depression.
key
stats
key
stigma
key
stigma
key
stressors
33 of 104
subtopic
stressors
snippet
Perceived threat of bodily harm or death played a key
role in accounting for the postdeployment mental
health of returning veterans.
key
stressors
key
stressors
key
study
key
study
34 of 104
subtopic
snippet
The objective of this study was to identify
demographic and psychosocial factors associated with
antisocial behavior in Marines who deployed to current
conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan.
key
study
key
symptoms
key
symptoms
key
symptoms
key
symptoms
35 of 104
subtopic
themes
snippet
We are warriors, No fear, Feeling high, Time travelers,
No one understands us, crisis of identity
key
themes
key
War
Key
AD vs Reserve
key
AD vs Reserve
key
barriers
36 of 104
subtopic
commitment
snippet
Feelings of commitment may promote a sense of
purpose that facilitates interpreting events in a way
that provides meaning, thus decreasing the perception
of stress and resultant strain.
Key
feelings
key
feelings
key
future
Key
IA
key
identity
37 of 104
subtopic
identity
snippet
Veterans referred to themselves as not being "normal"
or "regular" when compared to civilians, and they
were clear that the civilian world was not normal for
them. In fact, the culture of the United States felt so
abnormal that some veterans would rather return to
war where they felt they fit in, instead of trying to fit
themselves back into the "box" of civilian culture.
key
readjustment
key
readjustment
key
readjustment
38 of 104
subtopic
shared experiences
snippet
Former military unit members are typically cited as
obstacles to civilian family reintegration because of
emotional and experiential ties that bind military unit
members. However, we argue that these same ties
could be usde strategically to create a supportive
transition from active duty to civilian society
key
shared experiences
key
society
key
society
key
stats
key
themes
39 of 104
subtopic
Odyssey
snippet
The psychological reintegration of fighters returning
from war is an old theme in literature. Western
discussion of the precise nature of these complexities
dates to the Odyssey of Homer. Odysseus' return is as
full of dangers as war itself.
literature
Odyssey
Literature
previous
Literature
previous
Quote
balance
Hrothgars speeches, in particular, emphasize the
value of creating stability in a precarious and chaotic
world. The poem highlights the codes points of
tension by recounting situations that expose its
internal contradictions in values. The poem contains
several stories that concern divided loyalties,
situations for which the code offers no practical
guidance about how to act.
40 of 104
subtopic
connection
snippet
"We few, we happy few, we band of brothers. For he
today that sheds his blood with me, shall be my
brother"
Quote
purpose
Quote
purpose
Quote
purpose
Quote
purpose
Quote
purpose
Quote
understanding
symptom
alcohol
41 of 104
subtopic
domestic violence
snippet
Domestic violence is more common among veterans
with PTSD or severe depression, putting families of
veterans diagnosed with PTSD and TBI at an elevated
risk.
symptom
economic
Symptom
families
symptom
feelings
symptom
feelings
symptom
Hypervigiliance
Symptom
marital status
42 of 104
subtopic
snippet
number deployments We expect members who have not previously been
deployed to experience greater strain.
symptom
PTSD
symptom
PTSD
Soldiers have a greater chance of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than of being fired
upon, physically injured, or killed in combat.
symptom
stats
symptom
stressors
43 of 104
subtopic
suicide
snippet
Suicides among troops have been well-publicized, and
soldiers without comorbid diagnoses report high level
of stress and the use of alcohol as a coping
mechanism
symptom
survivor guilt
symptom
symptoms
symptom
symptoms
Symptom
symptoms
symptom
symptoms
44 of 104
subtopic
symptoms
snippet
Major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and
alcohol misuse disorders are common psychological
problems experienced by OEF/OIF service members.
symptom
symptoms
symptom
Symptoms
Symptom
symptoms
symptom
symptoms
45 of 104
subtopic
symptoms
snippet
Many more are facing difficulties with depression,
ssubstance abuse, and intimate relationships.
symptom
symptoms
symptom
symptoms
symptom
symptoms
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subtopic
symptoms
snippet
Internalizers had high rates prevalence rates of panic
and depression, whereas externalizers had high rates
of antisocial personality traits, alcohol related
behaviors, and histories of delinquenciesSome
servicemembers respond to combat trauma by
becoming depressed and withdrawn, whereas others
respond with antisocial and aggressice behavior.
symptom
symptoms
symptom
symptoms
symptom
symptoms
47 of 104
subtopic
snippet
Interpersonal Psychological theory of suicidal
behavior that indicates that three variables must be
present for an individual to die by suicide: thwarted
belongingness, involves a sense on the part of the
individual that he or she lacks meaningful connection
to others...Perceived Burdensomeness, involves a
sense on the part of the individual that he or she is a
burden to the world, someone who not only fails to
make meaningful contributions but is also a liability,
lastly, taken together the two perceptions produce the
desire for suicide. (Acquired capability for suicide)
suggests that repeated exposure to painful and
provocative events habituates individuals to stimuli.
Theory
IPT
Thwarted
belongingness
feelings
Thwarted
belongingness
feelings
48 of 104
page
367
Additional Resource
Title
Hoge-(2004)
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Hoge-(2004)
Title
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Hoge-(2004)
Title
Combat duty in Iraq and
Afghanistan, mental health
problems and barriers to care.
New England Journal of Medicine
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799
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137
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Elspeth-Update on combat
psychiatry: From the battle front to
the home front and back again
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Title
13
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http://www.ptsd.va.gov/profes
sional/pages/assessments/pos
tdeployment-support.asp
http://www.ptsd.va.gov/profes
sional/pages/assessments/pos
tdeployment-support.asp
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Joiner, 2005
332
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http://www.sf36.org/tools/SF36.shtml
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1155
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Tick, 2005, p. 141
Title
War and the Soul
12
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Elspeth-Update on combat
psychiatry: From the battle front to
the home front and back again
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Elspeth-Update on combat
psychiatry: From the battle front to
the home front and back again
12
Elspeth-Update on combat
psychiatry: From the battle front to
the home front and back again
12
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Doyle & Peterson, 2005
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Re-entry and reintegration:
Returning home after combat
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Hoge-(2004)
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psychiatry: From the battle front to
the home front and back again
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Peterson 1991-Theoretical
Perspectives.
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Hoge-(2006)
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Risk for anxiety, depression, and anger symptomology.
Suicides among troops have been widely
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Demers- When veterans retur
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