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Dissertation Notes and Quotes

topic
Barriers

subtopic
access

snippet
Reservists and guardsmen facing release from active
duty and return home- often where there is no military
healthcare available-may find themselves in a catch22 situation: either remain on active duty, separated
from family and loved-ones to address medical
questions, or ignore thees and return home sooner.

Barriers

Culture

In addition, returning veterans from different cultural


backgrounds may differ in how they manifest
symptoms, how they describe them, how they may
cope, what support systems they use, and whether
they seek or stay in treatment.

Barriers

Denial

The most prevalent barriers to receiving care


[servicemembers] do not receive care having failed to
recognize their own treatment needs; such individuals
acknowledge clear-cut symptoms of mental disorders
but deny any need for care

Barriers

Marine Specific

The three most common perceived barriers to care


were: 1) being perceived as weak; 2) being treated
differently by unit leadership; 3) members of their unit
having less confidence in them.

Barriers

stigma

Service members returning from OIF/OEF may be


reluctant to disclose their symptoms (e.g., to avoid
looking weak or concerns over possible loss of military
career), may not be able to identify problem areas,
may fear stigmatization, and may feel pressure to be
"normal"

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Barriers

subtopic
stigma

snippet
Most veterans seem to seek treatment only after
readjustment problems become a serious hindrance in
daily life.

Barriers

stigma

Soldiers felt stigmatized and abandoned after seeking


help and many had not sought help for fear of being
ostracized and "shown the door" (Hoge)

Barriers

stigma

While stigma continues to be a barrier to receiving


care, approximately 35% of service members who had
served in Iraq sought mental health care within the
first year of homecoming (Hoge, 2006)

Barriers

stigma

A generally accepted explanation for the limited


success in mental health outreach programs is
pervasive mental health stigma among military
personnel, which prevents servicemembers from
accessing needed care.

Barriers

stigma

The military's emphasis on leader accountability for all


subordinates at all times entails the expectation that
servicemembers will notify leaders when they will be
absent from unit activities, and where they will be
Accessing mental health services therefore requires
the servicemember to leave the group during the very
time when his absence is most obvious to others.

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topic
Barriers

subtopic

snippet
Perceived barriers were measured using 12 of the
original items in the Hoge et al research

Study

Barriers

system

The mental health system itself, which is structured in


a way that conflicts with the warrior culture and limits
the implementation of new solutions to the problems
faced by servicemembers.

Burdensomeness

feelings

Returning servicemembers may feel that they are no


longer needed, as their non-military spouses have
managed home life well during their absence. ..feeling
like they no longer fit in within the civilian world and
like they are "outsiders" or "aliens" in their
communities and families.

Definition

Culture

Culture has been defined as "all those things that


people have learned in their history to do, believe, and
enjoy. It is the totality of ideals, beliefs, skills, tools,
customs, and institutions into which each member of
society is born."

Demographics

survey

Because a substantial portion of OEF/OIF service


members are older, married, and have children,
reintegration and marital and family functioning are all
significant concerns when working with new veterans
and their families.

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Demographics

subtopic
survey

snippet
age, education, race/ethnicity, marital status,
parenting status, income, employment status,
predeployment duty component, length of
deployment, time since deployment, military rank,
time in the military, deployment operation, branch of
serevice, and current military status.

Demographics

survey

sex, age, marital status, rank/paygrade, military


occupational specialty, education level, ethnic
background, and active versus reserve status

Demographics

survey

age, gender, length of stay in Iraq/Kuwait/Afghanistan,


ethnicity, branch of service, frequency of use of
alcohol or drugss since return from deployment

Demographics

survey

marital status, education, service rank, number of


combat deployments, current PTSD diagnosis (selfreport only), service connected disability rating

Demographics

survey

In addition to asking about the service capacity (active


duty, reserve, contractor, etc.) and length of
deployment, survey items sought information
concerning exposure to potentially traumatic events
such as combat wounds, witnessing a nearby
explosion, suffering a traumatic brain injury, other
injuries or accidents and the development or
worsening of a physical illness such as diabetes or
heart disease.

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Duration

subtopic
all volunteer

snippet
OEF/OIF represents a multi-year U.S. Military operation
and is the first operation using a smaller and
volunteer-only military.

Expectations

military

The warrior culture of the U.S. Military is one that


values strength, resilience, courage, and personal
sacrifice. The military inculcates an identity of elitism
and superiority, perhaps best captured by the
military's variosu slogans: "Army Strong"; "The Few,
The Proud"; "Do Something Amazing"; "A Global Force
for Good." Mental toughness and an expectation to
master stress without difficulty are developed and
reinforced as a cultural norm, with an emphasis on
inner strength and self-reliance in order to shake off
injury and illness.

Expectations

servicemember

redefining roles, expectations, and division of


household responsibilities; managing strong emotions;
abandoning emotional constriction and creating
intimacy in relationships; and creating a sense of
shared meaning surrounding the deployment
experience.

Instrument

ADPRS

suggests the ADPRS, especially in the work domain,


may well be a useful tool for studying occupational
issues in a military context, with high scores on the
negative work reintegration attitudes in particular
signaling potential problems.

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Instrument

subtopic
AUDIT

snippet
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test

Instrument

CES

Combat Exposure Scale

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Instrument

subtopic
CHART

Instrument

CRIS

Instrument

DA 2796

snippet

Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique


(CHART) Social Integration Scale -The CHART is a sixdomain instrument that is commonly used to quantify
the effects of injuries and other conditions on daily
life activities [16]. Each domain is scored on a 100point scale, with a score of 100 representing a level of
performance typical of a nondisabled person. The
CHART's 1-week test-retest reliability has been shown
to be 0.93 [16]. SI was measured using the SI Scale
domain of the CHART. The SI Scale measures ability to
participate in and maintain customary social
relationships through questions addressing issues
such as Do you live alone? Are you involved in a
romantic relationship? How many friends do you visit
at least once a month?
The Community Reintegration of Servicemembers is a
new measure of community reintegration developed
to be a veteran specific outcome measure. Its three
subscales measure nine domains of participation and
three dimensions: objective and subjective aspects of
participation as well as satisfaction with participation.

post deployment health questionnaire

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Instrument

subtopic
DAST

snippet
Drug Abuse Screening Test

Instrument

DRRI

Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory

Instrument

DRRI

Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-The


Deployment Risk and Resiliency Inventory (DRRI) is a
suite of scales assessing 14 key deployment-related
risk and resilience factors with demonstrated
implications for veterans' long-term health.

Instrument

DRRI

Postdeployment Social Support Scale-Scale assessing


extent to which family, friends, coworkers, employers,
and community provide emotional sustenance and
instrumental assistance. Emotional sustenance refers
to the extent to which others provide the individual
with understanding, companionship, a sense of
belonging, and positive self-regard. Instrumental
assistance refers to the extent to which the individual
receives tangible aid such as help to accomplish tasks
and material assistance or resources.

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Instrument

subtopic

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DTS

Davidson Trauma Scale

Instrument

INQ-10

Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-measures current


beliefs about the extent to which the respondent feels
connected to others.

Instrument

MCS

Military Commitment Scale (Gade, 2003)

Instrument

PCL-M

PTSD Checklist-Military asks participants to respond


with only their stressful military experiences in mind.

Instrument

PDRI

Post-Deployment Readjustment Inventory

Instrument

PDRI

16 item preliminary inventoryinto 40 items with six


subscales: Career challenges, social difficulties,
intimate relationship problems, health problems,
concerns about deployment, and PTSD symptoms.

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Instrument

subtopic

snippet
The PDRI may be an excellent measure to assess postdeployment readjustment difficulties for all returning
veterans regardless of whether they meet criteria for
PTSD.

PDRI

Instrument

PDRI

PDRI is not simply a measure of PTSD but rather a


multidimensional measure that assesses both PTSD
and specific areas of readjustment for those with or
without PTSD. The PDRI appears to have good
reliability and validity. The PDRI also seems to be
sensitive in detecting unique patterns of readjustment
depending on exposure to various war stressors.

Instrument

SF-36V

Short form health survey for veterans has multiple


subscales.

key

AD vs Reserve

The experience was different for soldiers (active duty),


reservists, and veterans who returned to civilian
communities. Soldiers and reservists identified
readjusting to family life as the most challenging
aspect of returning home.

key

AD vs Reserve

Those who remain on active duty must reintegrate


into families, and while this is no easy task, they
appear to face fewer challenges than veterans do.
Veterans struggle to reconnect with familyand friends
and fit into civilian society.

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key

subtopic
AD vs Reserve

snippet
Due to high operational tempo, augmentees and in
particular reservists are increasingly being called to
serve, sometimes repeatedly in some of the most
demanding mission areas.

key

AD vs Reserve

The main difference between active duty and reserve


component servicemembers is that active duty
personnel typically see and interact with one another
daily; many spend most of their waking and sleeping
hours together. Reservists and National Guard
servicemembers may only interact during the monthly
training that occurs over the weekend.

key

AD vs Reserve

[Duration] has led to a heavy dependence on reserves


and National Guard members, who serve for longer
deployments wothout the support of traditional
military communities and their resourcesall military
service members are experiencing more deployments
and longer deployments than in past conflicts.

key

AD vs Reserve

National Guard and reserve component soldiers have


played an increasingly vital role in sustaining these
military operations.

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key

subtopic
AD vs Reserve

snippet
Milliken and colleagues found that rates of PTSD and
depression more than doubled among NGR component
soldiers between initial Post Deployment Health
Assessment and the Post Deployment Health
Reassessment conducted about 6 months later. The
increase in emotional problems over time for NGR
soldiers exceeded the rates found in regular active
duty component service members.

key

AD vs Reserve

Compared to active duty soldiers, NGR soldiers tend to


be older and may be more likely to have left family
and civilian work responsibilities outside the military.
As a result, NGR troops may face significantly greater
familial occupational strain both during and following
deployment, and these challenges may contribute to
NGR soldiers' elevated risk for mental health
difficulties post deployment.

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key

subtopic
AD vs Reserve

snippet
Because they are not embedded with their military
units following a combat deployment, NGR personnel
may also have lower levels of support from social and
occupational peers, which may also increase risk for
PTSD.

key

AD vs Reserve

It may be that National Guard soldiers experience


greater psychiatric disturbances as the result of
multiple deployments than active duty soldiers.

key

AD vs Reserve

This is an important population [National Guard and


Reserve OIF/OEF veterans] given that the Guard and
the reserve members have comprised approximately
40% of U.S. OEF and OIF troops, and have been shown
to be at higher risk of PTSD than active duty personnel
following deployment. (Milliken, et al, 2007)

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key

subtopic
AD vs Reserve

snippet
It is unclear if the findings generalize to active duty
forces. Differences have been found in estimates of
PTSD in National Guard and Reserve troops relative to
active duty troops (Milliken, 2007) and returning to a
civilian rather than a military setting may heighten
vulnerability to functional impairment distress.

key

AD vs Reserve

During deployment family members of regular Army


soldiers often have the benefit of support from the onpost community; support that is often not available for
National Guardsmen or Reservists. However, family
members of reservists or guardsmen may have
greater access to family and longstanding community
relationships that regular Army families do not.

Key

commitment

Soldiers experiencing difficulties adjusting back to the


routine of in-garrison life due to any of these factors
may develop lasting negative attitudes toward their
work, and these attitudes can contribute substantially
to negative appraisals of the military. This may, in
turn, lead to an erosion of their commitment to the
military and to an increased likelihood of leaving the
military.

Key

commitment

Reintegration attitudes also have the potential to


affect organizationally relevant outcomes that may
ultimately impact operational effectiveness and
retention levels.

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key

subtopic
commitment

snippet
Apparent strong links among negative postdeployment work reintegration attitudes, affective
commitment, negative and positive job-related affect,
and intentions to leave the military within the next
year.

key

commitment

Negative attitudes toward work were associated with


increased strain and turnover intentions and
decreased affective commitment.

key

commitment

Commitment can be conceptualzed as one's


attachment to an organization in terms of emotional
attachment to the organization (i.e., affective
commitment), the perceived costs of leaving the
organization (i.e., continuance commitment), or a
perceived obligation to remain with the organization
(i.e., normative commitment)

key

commitment

Employees with affective commitment stay because


they "want" to stay; conversely, employees with
continuance commitment stay because they "have to"
stay (they have no alternatives), and employees with
normative commitment stay because they feel they
"ought to" stay.

key

commitment

Support may be one of the key factors in bolstering


affective commitment, and we may foster
commitment in two ways [formal/informal]

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key

subtopic
commitment

snippet
In studies of military personnel, both supervisor
support and coworker support have been found to be
related to commitment.

key

commitment

Commitment may promote a sense of purpose and


provide meaning, thus resulting in lower stress and
strain

key

cycle

Soldier life exists on a continuum of readiness for


deployment-the deployment cycle. Re-entry and
reintegration-the return home and reunion with family
and community.

key

families

The continuum of family services include family


engagement, family education and access to the
treatment team, family involvement in treatment
planning, family consultation focused on problemsolving, and family psychoeducation.

key

families

[Family] may struggle with the positive and negative


stress of incorporating the service member back into
the family. They may also be surprised to find
themselves mourning the loss of who the service
member was before deployment and acclimating to
who the service member is now. This acclimatation
can be difficult and lead to significant relationship
problems.

key

families

Families may need to relocate to receive appropriate


health care and physical injuries may lead to lasting
changes in a consumer's mood, behavior, and
capacities.

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topic
key

subtopic
feelings

snippet
Although soldiers (active duty, reservists, and
veterans) described feeling excited and euphoric upon
receiving news that they were returning to the U.S.,
those feelings were quickly replaced by sock and
confusion.

key

feelings

Recently deployed veterans are said to be physically


present but psychologically absent from the family.

key

feelings

Where do you begin? You should feel closer, but half


the time you just feel annoyedmeanwhile you are
with people 24/7 who do get the whole thing because
they are in the whole thing--with you the whole time-like it or not. But nevertheless, you just wish for the
day that you could go home, sleep in your own bed,
kiss the people that you love and that love
you...but...when you get home, it is just weird
there...just weird. Everyone says they are glad to see
you and they want to hear your story. But may be they
don't really want to listen; they already have their own
version in their heads.

key

feelings

Veterans, who may then feel that they reenter the


peacetime community as unwelcome reminders of the
violence that the whole society pays for and of which,
clinical theory suggests, all people may be capable,
but which they wish to forget.

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topic

subtopic

snippet
Reducing the perception of stigma among military
personnel must become a priority for policy makers,
clinicians and military leaders.

key

goal

key

IA

Because these groups [reservists] will return to units


who have not deployed and thus are often less likely
to derive benefits from unit level social support, and
may often fall outside systematic follow-up, it is
important to assess and affress the effects of
deployments and post deployment reintegration on
these groups that will likely pose increasingly
significant military health and human resource issues.

Key

identity

Although men and women come to the military from


diverse cultural backgrounds, the one thing that they
ultimately share is assimilation into military culture.

key

identity

One of the primary goals of boot camp, the training


ground for all military personnel is to socialize recruits
by stripping them of their civilian identity and
replacing it with a military identity.

key

identity

The passage from one identity to another comprises


three stages: separation, liminality (or
transition), and incorporation (Van Gennep, 1960).

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key

subtopic
identity

snippet
Military training is rooted in the ideal of the warrior,
celebrating the group rather than the individual,
fostering an intimacy based on sameness, and
facilitating the creation of loyal teams, where recruits
develop a "bond that transcends all others, even the
marriage and family bonds we forge in civilian life"
(Tick, 2005, p. 141)

key

identity

Under ideal circumstances, people identify the


similarities between themselves and othersallows
connections with others based on sameness

key

identity

All soldiers (active duty, reservists, and veterans)


acknowledged that they were no longer the same
individuals who went off to war

key

identity

Positive effects- enhanced levels of self-esteem


derived from the completion of a difficult task under
challenging circumstances, ass well as personal and
professional growth (Hall & Jansen, 1995).

key

Marine Specific

The strategy of the Marine Corps is similar to that of


the Army, with operational stress and combat
response units. The Army and the Marine Corps also
have division mental health sections, assigned to each
division

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key

subtopic
programs

snippet
There are three areas in which services that benefit
veterans, either directly or indirectly, are suggested:
support groups for veteranstransition groups for
families and friends of veteransmilitary cultural
competence training for mental health practitioners.

key

programs

Veterans Helping Veterans and Wounded Warrior


Project

key

programs

Formal support can take the form of homecoming


events (e.g., parades, and welcome-home parties)
that publicly acknowledge the efforts of personnel
during deployment. More positive homecoming
receptions from family and community are associated
with better adaptation in personnel returning from
tour. Conversely, negative homecoming receptions are
associated with greater psychological strain.

key

programs

Reintegration support programs during deployment


and postdeployment homecoming events are
important aspects of the entire deployment process,
and they can function as a resource by formally
acknowledging the contributions of personnel, thereby
increasing their sense of accomplishment and
purpose, which in turn bolsters commitment and
reduces strain.

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key

subtopic
programs

snippet
Homecoming activities were not associated with
affective commitment.

key

programs

In keeping with the view that reintegration is a process


involving the reestablishment of multiple relationships
and roles, this process is better facilitated by ongoing
personal social support rather than a single large-scale
event.

key

programs

perceived social support is an important resource to


reduce the long term adverse effects of combat
trauma

key

programs

Morale, Welfare, and education facilities can be vitally


important for troops far from home. internet, air
conditioning, consistent mail delivery, good food,
improved morale of our forces.

key

programs

Currently, the Marine Corps Combat Operational


Stress Control Program is taking steps to reduce
deployment stressors by developing programs aimed
at providing additional support to families of deployed
members.

key

programs

The reconstitutionn phase starts upon return to home


station. Commanders establish a half-day schedule to
facilitate family reintegration and to commence
administrative tasks required upon return.

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key

subtopic
programs

snippet
The majority of programs offered to veterans focus on
the treatment of PTSD and do not address the
secondary social difficulties associated with
relationships, family, or career that are significantly
affected by the primary trauma injury symptoms.

key

programs

The benefits of group therapeutic approaches include:


time and cost-effectiveness, universality among group
members that relieve feelings of isolation and
negative uniqueness, the sharing of information, and
the promotion of member support outside the group
experience.

key

purpose

In the military, they worked hard to earn the respect of


their comrades, they were highly trained and
experienced in their roles as leaders, and they felt
they had a purpose.

key

purpose

Many military personnel also report coming back to


increased bureaucracy and decreased work
challenges, relative to the activity and purpose they
felt during deployment.

key

purpose

The highest mean scores associated with negative


aspects of post deplowment reintegration were work
related. This may suggest that work continues to be
an issue for soldiers who have returned from high
intensity deployments, perhaps because their postdeployment work seems to be less challenging and
meaningful to them.

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key

subtopic
readjustment

snippet
At home, children and family will have matured and
families may have developed new routines to which
the returning military military member must adjust.

key

readjustment

Four stages- personal reintegration, had to do with


aspects of "feeling like oneself again." The second
theme involved reintegration into family life. The third
theme of work readjusting back into garrison life and
the nature of recollections related to deploymentrelated work experiences. The fourth theme we
termed cultural reintegration and referred to returning
from settings of extreme deprivation into a land of the
"haves."

key

readjustment

Reintegration is not solely about returning to a


garrison environment, but it is also about returning to
one's family and integrating one's personal
experiences into an overarching view of the world.

key

readjustment

For weeks or sometimes months after they returned,


some of the men attempted to hold tight to the
intimacy of their military friendships. They sought
former unit mates, shunning civilian family and
friends.

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key

subtopic
readjustment

snippet
The transition home is a time period that can last a
few weeks, several months, or sometimes years. This
period is characterized by two indistinct, yet
overlapping, processes. They are "hanging on" to
military friendships and, eventually, realizing that
some of the intimacy and trust developed during
deployment between military friends are no longer as
strong as they used to be.

key

readjustment

Returning home often means separating from those


with whom the men shared the mundane and
extraordinary during their deployment

key

readjustment

Coming home means losing the intimacy with valued


friends who have shared the unique strains of combat
deployment.

key

readjustment

One obvious place where veterans reconnect is in the


Guard or reserve weekend drills. "Being with the other
guys, like the reserves, you know they understand.
You may go through the same thing they're going
They're able to share the ideas and kind of help to
cope...with each other."

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key

subtopic
readjustment

snippet
Servicemembers may disengage from interactions
with former friends to decrease their feelings of
awkwardness or alienation.

key

readjustment

One fourth of veterans reported that their children


were not warm to them or were afraid of them; 40% of
veterans reported feeling like a guest in their own
home.

key

shared experiences

Members of a military unit, especially during an armed


conflict, should be considered a resource to help the
"family" reintegration process rather than impede it.

key

shared experiences

Western culture has long recognized military


friendships to be among the strongest relationships a
veteran forms.

key

shared experiences

The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle noted that


military camaraderie was essential for dealing with the
emotional strains of combat.

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key

subtopic
shared experiences

snippet
Research support the idea that being a part of a
military unit creates an uncommonly strong bond
between military members.

key

shared experiences

Formal military training and military culture are built


around the concept of servicemembers developing
profound reliance on their comrades, and reliance can
foster deep friendships.

key

shared experiences

Combat awakening-this process involves an increased


sense that they are not immortal and that they and
their comrades could be wounded or killed. They
realixe that they are stuck in this environment until
their tour of duty is up or they are wounded or killed.

key

shared experiences

Unit members served as surrogate family members.

key

shared experiences

Most of the men interviewed said they had one or two


others with whom they shared their fears and
concerns or longing for home.

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Key

subtopic
shared experiences

snippet
"Even with somebody in the Army or other service,
just that military brotherhood that you feel like you
can share and they can actually understand what's
going on and what you're thinking."

key

shared experiences

Military unit members should be thought of as a


resource for family reintegration; clinicians should
build on the interpersonal and deep connections
veterans have with other veterans.

key

shared experiences

This lack of understanding creates an environment


where the veteran may feel isolated and is reluctant to
share his or her thoughts and feelings with anyone
except those who will understand: former and current
family members.

key

shared experiences

Former military friends may also evoke memories of


nondeployment related trauma, such as military
sexual trauma or blatant racial discrimination.

key

shared experiences

All combat veterans are changed by their experience.

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key

subtopic
shared experiences

snippet
People who are experiencing the same or similar
stress are optimally able to provide social support that
matches a perceived need, because such shared
experience fosters genuine understanding of the
need.

key

shared experiences

unit bonding and morale; other terms used are unit


cohesion and esprit de corps.

key

shared experiences

The unit can serve as an extension of individual pride,


with the soldier's self-esteem becoming linked to the
reputation of the unit, which provides additional
motivation. Unit cohesion is a force that is protective
for its members.

key

shared experiences

The value of group for trauma work with veterans by


stating "in a group the therapist can facilitate reempowerment by encouraging mutual supportThe
advantages of group based therapies are summarized
by Coalson (2005)the group setting serves to
counteract and confront the socially avoidant and selfisolating tendencies of traumatized individuals.

key

shared experiences

The group is where "the knowledge that others share


similar experiences and distress a sense of
universality is helpful as clients often feel isolated,
embarrassed, and misunderstood prior to starting
treatment."

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key

subtopic
social issue

snippet
In addition to death and physical injury, the cost of
war includes a large mental health and public health
burden.

key

social issue

Vietnam veterans with PTSD had greater work


impairment and unemployment, higher rates of
marital problems and divorce, poorer physical health,
greater physical limitations, greater rates of violence
perpetration, and more medical utilization than those
without PTSD.

key

social issue

Demobilization accomplished re-entry of the


combatant into the civilian life and squarely placed
responsibility for reentry and reintegration on society
at "Demobilization made reentry a societal, not
military problem."

key

social issue

Reintegration is shouldered by the communities from


whence they came, and care, as needed, is provided
by the Veterans Administration hospital nearest home.

key

society

The differences in values between civilian society and


military society create a "civil-military cultural gap"
which is exacerbated by the fact that there is an allvolunteer military.

key

society

The move away from a draft and to a volunteer force


has allowed most Americans to become completely
detached from military issues and the men and
women who are sent to war, leading to a lack of
understanding about the differences between the two
worlds,

29 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic
key

subtopic
society

snippet
[lack of understanding] complicated further by the
absence of a national consensus about war, the lack of
validation of soldiers' efforts, and the general lack of
acknowledgement of soldiers who return from war

key

society

The same mental processes that cause combat


veterans to split off their experiences also cause
society as a whole to distance itself from them.

key

society

Difficulty arises when both warrior and society his or


her task as preventing the entrance of violence, real
or imagined into the city gates, and thus believes
himself or herself required to split off genuine
experience from expression in the peacetime
community. The violence is then contained within the
warrior, split off, not understood, but lying in wait to
cause outbursts or debilitating depression at any
moment.

key

stats

As of December 2009, 179,090 active duty (i.e., fulltime) and 71, 217 reserve component service
members were on active duty as of OIF/OEF.

key

stats

Since 2001, over 1.9 million people have deployed as


part of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation
Iraqi Freedom (IOM, 2010),

30 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic

subtopic

snippet
Almost 40% of current service members have been
deployed at least twice (IOM, 2010).

key

stats

key

stats

Although estimates vary widely, 5% to 37% of active


duty service members meet criteria for major
depression. Among Vietnam veterans depression was
associated with lower rates of employmenet and lower
hourly wages. (Savoca & Rosenheck, 2000)

key

stats

One fourth of veterans reported that their children


were not warm to them or were afraid of them; 40% of
veterans reported feeling like a guest in their own
home.

key

stats

More than one-third of homeless men in the United


States are veterans, with an estimated 250,000
veterans homeless on a given night and more than
500,000 homeless over the course of a year.

key

stats

A survey of 894 Army service members from Iraq


found that 95% observed dead bodies or human
remains, 93% were shot at or received small arms fire,
89% were attacked or ambushed, 65% observed
injured or dead Americans, and 48% were responsible
for the death of an enemy combatant.

31 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic

subtopic

snippet
During the Vietnam War, approximately 28,000 Army
and Air Guardsman were called up for a year of active
duty service, although only about 8,700 deployed to
Vietnam. In contrast, as of November 2006, NGR
component troops made up nearly half (46%) of the
combat brigades in Iraq.

key

stats

Key

stats

Compared with Navy veterans, members of the Army


and Marine Corps were more than twice as likely to
screen positive for PTSD

key

stats

with over one million soldiers now completely


separated from Department of Defense service,
making the transition back into civilian life.

key

stats

Over 40% of military reservists also screen positive for


a variety of mental health disorders, contributing to
poor intrapersonal and social functioning.

key

stats

Nearly 70% of respondents described deployments


lasting for at least a year, representing a potentially
significant burden on spouses, children, caretakers,
friends or other members of the social support
network.

32 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic

subtopic

snippet
The California Community Foundation (2008)
estimates one in five seervicemembers who engaged
in OIF/OEF military operations developed PTSD or
major depression.

key

stats

key

stigma

Evacuees had to deal with the stigma and shame of


evacuation out of theater.

key

stigma

Up to one in five veterans of OIF screened positive for


either depression, anxiety, or acute stress; however,
less than half sought help for their mental health
problem, due primarily to concerns that leaders would
treat them differently, that peers would view them as
weak and have less confidence in their abilities, and
that seeking mental health assistance would
negatively impact their career.

key

stressors

Combat exposure, including experiences such as


being fired upon and witnessing death, has significant
implications for postdeployment mental health.
Exposure to the aftermath of battle, such as handling
human remains or caring for injured personnel, has
received less direct research attention though several
studies based on OEF/OIF service members indicate
that these experiences are associated with poor
postdeployment mental health

33 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic
key

subtopic
stressors

snippet
Perceived threat of bodily harm or death played a key
role in accounting for the postdeployment mental
health of returning veterans.

key

stressors

hypothesized that combat related stressors would


demonstrate a significantly stronger negative impact
on postdeployment mental health for women than
men, but that this effect would also be small.

key

stressors

Examples of deployment related stressors include lack


of privacy, concerns or problems with family members
at home, problems with supervisors, and excessive
heat or cold.

key

study

Although we had hypothesized differences between


novice and experienced military personnel, the data
indicated that there were no differences between
these samples

key

study

A study of Vietnam veterans found that combat


veterans with PTSD reported a higher rate of
interpersonal violence than those who did not have
PTSD.

34 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic

subtopic

snippet
The objective of this study was to identify
demographic and psychosocial factors associated with
antisocial behavior in Marines who deployed to current
conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan.

key

study

key

symptoms

Since veterans without clinically diagnosed mental


illness do not qualify for services from Veterans
Aadministration (VA), they do not receive treatment
from the VA; thus there will be many who will not
receive the support they need to successfully
reintegrate into society. Furthermore, not all veterans
should be pathologized.

key

symptoms

Newly returned veterans and their families are seeking


psychological help for various problems including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol use
disorders, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) sequelae.

key

symptoms

Those who screen positive for mental health concerns


are significantly more likely to leave the military
during the year after deployment. Once discharged,
symptomatic veterans are likely to seek treatment,
and may be more likely than those who are
asymptomatic to register for DVA care.

key

symptoms

Basic principles, later codified as Proximity,


immediacy, expectancy, and simplicity (PIES) directed
simple immediate treatment without evacuation with
the expectation of return to duty.

35 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic
key

subtopic
themes

snippet
We are warriors, No fear, Feeling high, Time travelers,
No one understands us, crisis of identity

key

themes

Coming home theme illustrates soldiers' reactions to


returning home, perceptions of difference (between
themselves and civilians and between who they were
prior to war and who they are now), tension between
wanting to reconnect with civilians (including family)
and wanting to retreat from them, coping
mechanisms, and support for transition.

key

War

War is widely acknowledged as a public health issue

Key

AD vs Reserve

This lack of emotional support is more pronounced for


members of the National Guard and reserves than for
active duty personnel. Active duty personnel typically
return to a duty station on a military base and
continue daily assembly where they have regular and
sustained contact with unit members and military
friends.

key

AD vs Reserve

National Guard and reserve service members


frequently live far away from military bases and VA
medical centers, making access to care more difficult.
In addition, these service members may not be
eligible for the same services as active duty military.

key

barriers

Veterans described three challenges to returning


home: lack of respect from civilians, holding
themselves to a higher standard than civilians, and
not fitting into the civilian world.

36 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic
key

subtopic
commitment

snippet
Feelings of commitment may promote a sense of
purpose that facilitates interpreting events in a way
that provides meaning, thus decreasing the perception
of stress and resultant strain.

Key

feelings

Feeling psychologically isolated and disconnected


within the first months of returning home has been
shown to be the most significant predictor of
subsequent PTSD.

key

feelings

Initially service members may experience happiness


and pride as they return home and reconnect with
family and friendsenhanced if the service member is
warmly welcomed home by his or her community.
However, when the parades and celebrations are over
and the initial excitement has worn off, other strong
emotions may emerge.

key

future

additional focus groups to explore the reintegration


challenges that are unique to veterans according to
number of deployments, branch of service, and length
of time since separation from military.

Key

IA

If military members return or are posted to a unit


where other members did not deploy, they may face a
lack of support from their colleagues

key

identity

Individuals may find themselves living between two


social contexts that offer incompatible cultural
narratives and unable to articulate and integrated
personal narrative that avoids a crisis in identity

37 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic
key

subtopic
identity

snippet
Veterans referred to themselves as not being "normal"
or "regular" when compared to civilians, and they
were clear that the civilian world was not normal for
them. In fact, the culture of the United States felt so
abnormal that some veterans would rather return to
war where they felt they fit in, instead of trying to fit
themselves back into the "box" of civilian culture.

key

readjustment

The men gravitated toward friendships with veterans.

key

readjustment

When service members return, they must adjust to a


drastically different environment, daily schedule, and
set of relationships.

key

readjustment

Difficulties in transition and reintegration experienced


by veterans can lead to financial distress resulting
from inability to maintain employment. Combined with
antisocial and hazardous behavior frequently exhibited
by individuals diagnosed with TBI and PTSD, many
combat veterans impacted by this new disability are
engaging in behavior resulting in legal repercussions,
such as domestic violence, child abuse, and substance
abuse related charges.

38 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic
key

subtopic
shared experiences

snippet
Former military unit members are typically cited as
obstacles to civilian family reintegration because of
emotional and experiential ties that bind military unit
members. However, we argue that these same ties
could be usde strategically to create a supportive
transition from active duty to civilian society

key

shared experiences

Physical and social isolation, an experience of shared


risks, and deprivations of deployment encourage
servicemembers to rely heavily on military unit
members for social and emotional support, forging
strong friendships.

key

society

Military culture can seem mysterious to civilians. This


is complicated by confusion or misunderstanding
between military and civilian populations; for example,
the belief that a civilian can never understand what a
service member has experienced.

key

society

So 1 minute they are ignoring the difference, acting


like you were never gone and the next they are so
cautious that they seem afraid

key

stats

Preliminary studies estimate that between 19 and 38%


of these returning veterans are having emotional
difficulties.

key

themes

Time traveler subtheme illustrates the disconnection


that soldiers experienced when they returned to the
U.S.

39 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic
Literature

subtopic
Odyssey

snippet
The psychological reintegration of fighters returning
from war is an old theme in literature. Western
discussion of the precise nature of these complexities
dates to the Odyssey of Homer. Odysseus' return is as
full of dangers as war itself.

literature

Odyssey

Homer's Odyssey is a frame by which to capture the


complexities of return from the violence of combat to
the world that one has left behind.

Literature

previous

Research on veterans' readjustment has focused


primarily on psycho-social adjustment within the
context of PTSD adult antisocial behavior and physical
injury,and social support appears to act as either a
protective factor against developing PTSD

Literature

previous

Existing research suggests that exposure to combat


may be a substantial risk factor for antisocial behavior

Quote

balance
Hrothgars speeches, in particular, emphasize the
value of creating stability in a precarious and chaotic
world. The poem highlights the codes points of
tension by recounting situations that expose its
internal contradictions in values. The poem contains
several stories that concern divided loyalties,
situations for which the code offers no practical
guidance about how to act.

40 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic
Quote

subtopic
connection

snippet
"We few, we happy few, we band of brothers. For he
today that sheds his blood with me, shall be my
brother"

Quote

purpose

"I felt like I had a purpose over there-worthwhile [and]


I felt pretty good about it."

Quote

purpose

"Out here [I am] just a regular civilian." The change in


status led to loss of self-esteem and sense of selfworth.

Quote

purpose

"petty conversations about shit that means nothing"

Quote

purpose

"I felt like I didn't belong."

Quote

purpose

"I had been gone for so long, I just wasn''t able to


keep up with everything even though I was in close
contact with family."

Quote

understanding

"Yeah, it's frustrating. For sure. I mean, you know,


trying to talk to some of my friends and it is just a
story to them."

symptom

alcohol

Suicides among troops have been well-publicized, and


soldiers without comorbid diagnoses report high level
of stress and the use of alcolhol as a coping
mechanism

41 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic
symptom

subtopic
domestic violence

snippet
Domestic violence is more common among veterans
with PTSD or severe depression, putting families of
veterans diagnosed with PTSD and TBI at an elevated
risk.

symptom

economic

stress brought about by economic strains, chronic


debt, income shortfalls increases the likelihood of
engaging in interpersonal violence upon return from
deployment

Symptom

families

Service members' children demonstrate more


behavioral problems during deployment as common
consequences of their parents' deployment.

symptom

feelings

Military service members report coming back from war


with feelings of invincibility, which may be expressed
through increased risk taking, binge drinking, drug
use, getting in fights, and other antisocial behaviors.

symptom

feelings

Other issues faced by demobilizing reservists and


guardsman include a sense of isolation from peers,
estrangement from family and friends, and a loss of
common purpose

symptom

Hypervigiliance

After having to be on guard and hyperaware of their


surroundings in the war zone, finding the ability to
relax can be a challenge.

Symptom

marital status

Marital status also had a substantial association with


antisocial behavior. Marines sent to war were at higher
risk for engaging in antisocial behavior if they were
divorced than if they were never married or currently
married.

42 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic
symptom

subtopic
snippet
number deployments We expect members who have not previously been
deployed to experience greater strain.

symptom

PTSD

The diagnosis of PTSD formally entered the


nomenclature in 1980. The new diagnostic category
emphasized that powerful, adverse responses after
experiencing violent events were normal reactions to
experiences that were beyond the capacity of the
mind to endure them. The new diagnosis, and the
understanding that came with it, led the way for war
veterans to receive the benefits they deserved and
the treatment that they needed.

symptom

PTSD

Soldiers have a greater chance of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than of being fired
upon, physically injured, or killed in combat.

symptom

stats

Approximately 80% of soldiers with PTSD also suffer


from related major depression, anxiety disorders, and
alcohol or chemical abuse/dependency.

symptom

stressors

Along with involvement in active combat, soldiers are


often exposed to events or contextual stressors, such
as witnessing atrocities including the torture of
civilians, the handling of civilian adult and child
casualties, and the retrieval and disposal of human
remains.

43 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic
symptom

subtopic
suicide

snippet
Suicides among troops have been well-publicized, and
soldiers without comorbid diagnoses report high level
of stress and the use of alcohol as a coping
mechanism

symptom

survivor guilt

Thoughts of suicide are also not uncommon because


of inner turmoil; survivor guilt, and the numerous
challenges in adjusting to civilian life.

symptom

symptoms

Symptoms may be gradual or progressive, and such


patterns of delayed symptoms seriously impede
clinicians' efforts to facilitate readjustment.

symptom

symptoms

Risk for anxiety, depression, and anger symptomology.

Symptom

symptoms

Other potentially long-term problems that may linger


after a deployment are feelings of helplessness and
powerlessness, somatic complaints, anti-social
behavior, hostility, alcohol and drug dependence, risky
behaviors, suicides, and accidents

symptom

symptoms

TBI may go undiagnosed, this injury can result in a


myriad of serious outcomes such as unprovoked
seizures, depression, aggression, memory problems,
pain, headaches and dizziness. Other common
physical consequences include auditory and visual
impairment, limb amputation, and chronic pain. (IOM,
2009)

44 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic
symptom

subtopic
symptoms

snippet
Major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and
alcohol misuse disorders are common psychological
problems experienced by OEF/OIF service members.

symptom

symptoms

Researchers learned that many veterans, who did not


appear affected immediately after the events, became
symptomatic much later, especially if they did not
receive timely treatment.

symptom

Symptoms

Numerous reintegration problems have been reported


among veterans of the gulf war and more recent
conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, including marital
difficulties, financial difficulties, problems with alcohol
or substance abuse, medical problems, behavioral
problems such as depression or anxiety,
homelessness, and motor vehicle accidents.

Symptom

symptoms

marital and work difficulties, poor parenting skills,


violent behavior, alcohol and drug abuse, involvement
with the criminal justice system, suicide attempts, and
homelessness.

symptom

symptoms

TBI are often associated with changes in mood and


behavior, including depression, anxiety,
impulsiveness, and difficulty with concentration and
memory.

45 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic
symptom

subtopic
symptoms

snippet
Many more are facing difficulties with depression,
ssubstance abuse, and intimate relationships.

symptom

symptoms

Often service members report that they feel anxious,


have difficulty connecting to others, experience sleep
problems, and miss the structure and cameraderie of
military service.

symptom

symptoms

High rates of substance abuse, traumatic brain injury,


depression, and anxiety disordersimpulse control
and aggressive behaviordomestic violence, child
abuse and other aggressive behaviorchanges in
social, occupational, or family functioning.

symptom

symptoms

Personnel exposed to combat and deployment


stressors are at increased risk for suffering physical
injuries or conditions and experiencing psychological
difficulties, such as depression, substance abuse, and
posttraumatic stresspresent challenges for
personnel to reintegrate into personal and professional
roles

46 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic
symptom

subtopic
symptoms

snippet
Internalizers had high rates prevalence rates of panic
and depression, whereas externalizers had high rates
of antisocial personality traits, alcohol related
behaviors, and histories of delinquenciesSome
servicemembers respond to combat trauma by
becoming depressed and withdrawn, whereas others
respond with antisocial and aggressice behavior.

symptom

symptoms

hypervigilance while driving-fearing every piece of


trash as an IED or other drivers as potential suicide
bombers.

symptom

symptoms

marital difficulties or difficulties with fiances, financial


difficulties, problems with alcohol or substance abuse,
medical problems such as depression or anxiety

symptom

symptoms

Research shows that untreated combat trauma


becomes a chronic, debilitating condition associated
with a range of negative psychological, physical and
social outcomes for both soldiers and their families

47 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


topic

subtopic

snippet
Interpersonal Psychological theory of suicidal
behavior that indicates that three variables must be
present for an individual to die by suicide: thwarted
belongingness, involves a sense on the part of the
individual that he or she lacks meaningful connection
to others...Perceived Burdensomeness, involves a
sense on the part of the individual that he or she is a
burden to the world, someone who not only fails to
make meaningful contributions but is also a liability,
lastly, taken together the two perceptions produce the
desire for suicide. (Acquired capability for suicide)
suggests that repeated exposure to painful and
provocative events habituates individuals to stimuli.

Theory

IPT

Thwarted
belongingness

feelings

Servicemembers describe a tremendous sense of


significance associated with their missions in Iraq and
Afghanistan, and they have difficulty adjusting to the
tasks of life back at home. May feel overwhelmed if
given too much responsibility shortly after returning
from a deployment.

Thwarted
belongingness

feelings

Value of treating trauma injuries in a group format


offers: a) the development of a sense of belonging; b)
overcoming feelings of isolation; c) the restoration of a
"broken" military group relationship by establishing
warm relationships among therapy group members;
and d) the acceptance and control of patients' anger.

48 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Doyle, Peterson-Re-entry and
reintegration returning home after
combat

page
367

Additional Resource

Title

Katz, Cojucar, Davenport-Post


42
deployment readjustment inventory:
reliability, validity, and gender
differences

Gould, Adler, Zamorski, Castro,


np
Hanily, Steele, Kearney, GreenbergDo stigma and other perceived
barriers to mental health care differ
across the armed forces?
Gould, Adler, Zamorski, Castro,
np
Hanily, Steele, Kearney, GreenbergDo stigma and other perceived
barriers to mental health care differ
across the armed forces?

Hoge-(2004)

Katz, Cojucar, Davenport-Post


42
deployment readjustment inventory:
reliability, validity, and gender
differences

Friedmann, 2004 and Hoge,


2004

Combat duty in Iraq and


Afghanistan, mental health
problems and barriers to care.
New England Journal of Medicine

49 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Katz, Cojucar, Davenport-Post
42
deployment readjustment inventory:
reliability, validity, and gender
differences
Gould, Adler, Zamorski, Castro,
np
Hanily, Steele, Kearney, GreenbergDo stigma and other perceived
barriers to mental health care differ
across the armed forces?

Additional Resource

Hoge-(2004)

Title

Combat duty in Iraq and


Afghanistan, mental health
problems and barriers to care.
New England Journal of Medicine

Bowling, Sherman- Welcoming them 452


home: Supporting service members
and their families in navigating the
tasks of reintegration
Bryan, Morrow- Circumventing
16
mental health stigma by embracing
the warrior culture: Lessons learned
from the defender's edge program
Bryan, Morrow- Circumventing
17
mental health stigma by embracing
the warrior culture: Lessons learned
from the defender's edge program

50 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Gould, Adler, Zamorski, Castro,
np
Hanily, Steele, Kearney, GreenbergDo stigma and other perceived
barriers to mental health care differ
across the armed forces?

Additional Resource
Hoge-(2004)

Title
Combat duty in Iraq and
Afghanistan, mental health
problems and barriers to care.
New England Journal of Medicine

Bryan, Morrow- Circumventing


21
mental health stigma by embracing
the warrior culture: Lessons learned
from the defender's edge program
Bowling, Sherman- Welcoming them 452
home: Supporting service members
and their families in navigating the
tasks of reintegration

Bryan, Morrow- Circumventing


17
mental health stigma by embracing
the warrior culture: Lessons learned
from the defender's edge program

Sue & Sue, 2003, p. 106

Makin-Byrd, Gifford, McCutheon,


48
Glynn-Family and couples treatment
for newly returning veterans

51 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Vogt, Vaughn, Glickman, Schultz,
Drainoni, Elwy, Eisen-Gender
differences in combat-related
stressors and their association with
postdeployment mental health in a
nationally representative sample of
U.S. OEF/OIF veterans.

page
799

Booth-Kewley, Larson, HighfillMcRoy, Garland, Gaskin-Factors


associated with antisocial behavior
in combat veterans

332

Additional Resource

Title

Katz, Cojucar, Davenport-Post


45
deployment readjustment inventory:
reliability, validity, and gender
differences
Finley, Pugh, Noel

Zeber, Noel, Pugh, Copeland,


Parchman-Family perceptions of
post-deployment healthcare needs
of Iraq/Afghanistan military
personnel

137

52 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Makin-Byrd, Gifford, McCutheon,
48
Glynn-Family and couples treatment
for newly returning veterans

Additional Resource

Title

Bryan, Morrow- Circumventing


17
mental health stigma by embracing
the warrior culture: Lessons learned
from the defender's edge program

Bowling, Sherman- Welcoming them 452


home: Supporting service members
and their families in navigating the
tasks of reintegration

Blais, Thompson, McCreary-The


380
development and validation of the
Army post deployment reintegration
scale

53 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Baker, Heppner, Afari, Nunnink,
774
Kilmer, Simmons, Harder, BosseTrauma exposure, branch of service,
and physical injury in relation to
mental health among U.S. veterans
returning from Iraq and Afghanistan

Additional Resource

Title

Baker, Heppner, Afari, Nunnink,


774
Kilmer, Simmons, Harder, BosseTrauma exposure, branch of service,
and physical injury in relation to
mental health among U.S. veterans
returning from Iraq and Afghanistan

54 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source

page

(Whiteneck et al, 1992)


Resnik, Gray, Borgia-Measurement of 90
community reintegration in sample
of severely wounded
servicemembers

Elspeth-Update on combat
psychiatry: From the battle front to
the home front and back again

Additional Resource

Resnik, Plow, Jette (2009)

Title

A development of CRIS: Measure


of community reintegration of
injured servicemembers.

13

55 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Baker, Heppner, Afari, Nunnink,
774
Kilmer, Simmons, Harder, BosseTrauma exposure, branch of service,
and physical injury in relation to
mental health among U.S. veterans
returning from Iraq and Afghanistan

Additional Resource

Title

Katz, Cojucar, Davenport-Post


43
deployment readjustment inventory:
reliability, validity, and gender
differences
Finley, Pugh, Noel

http://www.ptsd.va.gov/profes
sional/pages/assessments/pos
tdeployment-support.asp

Finley, Pugh, Noel

http://www.ptsd.va.gov/profes
sional/pages/assessments/pos
tdeployment-support.asp

56 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Baker, Heppner, Afari, Nunnink,
774
Kilmer, Simmons, Harder, BosseTrauma exposure, branch of service,
and physical injury in relation to
mental health among U.S. veterans
returning from Iraq and Afghanistan

Bryan, Morrow- Circumventing


17
mental health stigma by embracing
the warrior culture: Lessons learned
from the defender's edge program

Additional Resource

Title

Joiner, 2005

Blais, Thompson, McCreary-The


376
development and validation of the
Army post deployment reintegration
scale
Booth-Kewley, Larson, HighfillMcRoy, Garland, Gaskin-Factors
associated with antisocial behavior
in combat veterans

332

Katz, Cojucar, Davenport-Post


42
deployment readjustment inventory:
reliability, validity, and gender
differences
Katz, Cojucar, Davenport-Post
44
deployment readjustment inventory:
reliability, validity, and gender
differences

57 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Katz, Cojucar, Davenport-Post
54
deployment readjustment inventory:
reliability, validity, and gender
differences

Additional Resource

Title

Katz, Cojucar, Davenport-Post


55
deployment readjustment inventory:
reliability, validity, and gender
differences

Resnik, Gray, Borgia-Measurement of 92


community reintegration in sample
of severely wounded
servicemembers

http://www.sf36.org/tools/SF36.shtml

Demers- When veterans return home 170

Demers- When veterans return home 172

58 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Blais, Thompson, McCreary-The
381
development and validation of the
Army post deployment reintegration
scale
Hinojosa-Using military friendships
to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

Additional Resource

Title

1155

Makin-Byrd, Gifford, McCutheon,


48
Glynn-Family and couples treatment
for newly returning veterans

Polusny, Erbes, Arbisi, Thuras, Kehle, 353


Rath, Courage, Reddy, Duff-Impact
of prior operation enduring
freedom/operation Iraqi freedom
combat duty on mental health in a
predeployment cohort of National
Guard Soldiers

59 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Polusny, Erbes, Arbisi, Thuras, Kehle, 353
Rath, Courage, Reddy, Duff-Impact
of prior operation enduring
freedom/operation Iraqi freedom
combat duty on mental health in a
predeployment cohort of National
Guard Soldiers

Additional Resource

Title

Polusny, Erbes, Arbisi, Thuras, Kehle, 354


Rath, Courage, Reddy, Duff-Impact
of prior operation enduring
freedom/operation Iraqi freedom
combat duty on mental health in a
predeployment cohort of National
Guard Soldiers

60 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Polusny, Erbes, Arbisi, Thuras, Kehle, 354
Rath, Courage, Reddy, Duff-Impact
of prior operation enduring
freedom/operation Iraqi freedom
combat duty on mental health in a
predeployment cohort of National
Guard Soldiers

Additional Resource

Title

Polusny, Erbes, Arbisi, Thuras, Kehle, 356


Rath, Courage, Reddy, Duff-Impact
of prior operation enduring
freedom/operation Iraqi freedom
combat duty on mental health in a
predeployment cohort of National
Guard Soldiers

Shea, Vujanovic, Mansfield, Sevin,


Liu-Posttraumatic stress disorder
symptoms and functional
impairment among OEF and OIF
National Guard and Reserve
veterans

101

Milliken, et al, 2007)

Longitudinal assessment of mental


health problems among active
duty and reserve component
soldiers returning from the Iraq
War. Journal of American Medical
Association. 298, 2141-2148.

61 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Shea, Vujanovic, Mansfield, Sevin,
Liu-Posttraumatic stress disorder
symptoms and functional
impairment among OEF and OIF
National Guard and Reserve
veterans

page
105

Doyle, Peterson-Re-entry and


reintegration returning home after
combat

368

Additional Resource

Title

Blais, Thompson, McCreary-The


366
development and validation of the
Army post deployment reintegration
scale

Blais, Thompson, McCreary-The


366
development and validation of the
Army post deployment reintegration
scale

62 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Blais, Thompson, McCreary-The
380
development and validation of the
Army post deployment reintegration
scale

Additional Resource

Currie, Day, Kelloway- Bringing the


troops back home: Modeling the
postdeployment reintegration
experience

38

Currie, Day, Kelloway- Bringing the


troops back home: Modeling the
postdeployment reintegration
experience

39

Allen & Meyer, 1990, The


measurement and
antecedents of affective,
continuance, and normative
commitment to the
organization. Journal of
occupational psychology.

Currie, Day, Kelloway- Bringing the


troops back home: Modeling the
postdeployment reintegration
experience

39

Allen & Meyer, 1990, The


measurement and
antecedents of affective,
continuance, and normative
commitment to the
organization. Journal of
occupational psychology.

Currie, Day, Kelloway- Bringing the


troops back home: Modeling the
postdeployment reintegration
experience

39

Title

63 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Currie, Day, Kelloway- Bringing the
troops back home: Modeling the
postdeployment reintegration
experience

page

Additional Resource

Title

40

Currie, Day, Kelloway- Bringing the


troops back home: Modeling the
postdeployment reintegration
experience

45

Doyle, Peterson-Re-entry and


reintegration returning home after
combat

369

Makin-Byrd, Gifford, McCutheon,


50
Glynn-Family and couples treatment
for newly returning veterans

Makin-Byrd, Gifford, McCutheon,


48
Glynn-Family and couples treatment
for newly returning veterans

Makin-Byrd, Gifford, McCutheon,


48
Glynn-Family and couples treatment
for newly returning veterans

64 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Demers- When veterans return home 173

Hinojosa-Using military friendships


to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1154

Bragin-Can anyine here know who I


am? Co-constructing meaningful
narratives with combat veterans

317

Bragin-Can anyone here know who I 318


am? Co-constructing meaningful
narratives with combat veterans

Additional Resource

Bragin 2003, Freud 1933,


Shay 2002

Title

Freud, (1933) Why War? Vol 22 (pp


197-203) Shay (2002), Odysseus
in America: Combat trauma and
the trials of homecoming

65 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Westwood, McLean, Cave, Borgen,
64
Slakov- Coming home: A groupbased approach for assisting military
veterans in transition

Additional Resource

Title

Blais, Thompson, McCreary-The


381
development and validation of the
Army post deployment reintegration
scale

Demers- When veterans return home 161

Demers- When veterans return home 162

Demers- When veterans return home 162

Van Gennep, 1960

The Rites of Passage

66 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Demers- When veterans return home 162

Additional Resource
Tick, 2005, p. 141

Title
War and the Soul

Demers- When veterans return home 164

Demers- When veterans return home 170

Blais, Thompson, McCreary-The


367
development and validation of the
Army post deployment reintegration
scale
Elspeth-Update on combat
psychiatry: From the battle front to
the home front and back again

12

67 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Demers- When veterans return home 175

Hinojosa-Using military friendships


to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1153

Currie, Day, Kelloway- Bringing the


troops back home: Modeling the
postdeployment reintegration
experience

40

Currie, Day, Kelloway- Bringing the


troops back home: Modeling the
postdeployment reintegration
experience

40

Additional Resource

Title

68 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Currie, Day, Kelloway- Bringing the
troops back home: Modeling the
postdeployment reintegration
experience

page

Additional Resource

Title

43

Currie, Day, Kelloway- Bringing the


troops back home: Modeling the
postdeployment reintegration
experience

44

Currie, Day, Kelloway- Bringing the


troops back home: Modeling the
postdeployment reintegration
experience

45

Elspeth-Update on combat
psychiatry: From the battle front to
the home front and back again

11

Booth-Kewley, Larson, HighfillMcRoy, Garland, Gaskin-Factors


associated with antisocial behavior
in combat veterans

335

Doyle, Peterson-Re-entry and


reintegration returning home after
combat

366

69 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Westwood, McLean, Cave, Borgen,
46
Slakov- Coming home: A groupbased approach for assisting military
veterans in transition

Additional Resource

Title

Westwood, McLean, Cave, Borgen,


47
Slakov- Coming home: A groupbased approach for assisting military
veterans in transition

Demers- When veterans return home 173

Blais, Thompson, McCreary-The


366
development and validation of the
Army post deployment reintegration
scale
Blais, Thompson, McCreary-The
382
development and validation of the
Army post deployment reintegration
scale

70 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Blais, Thompson, McCreary-The
366
development and validation of the
Army post deployment reintegration
scale

Additional Resource

Title

Blais, Thompson, McCreary-The


368
development and validation of the
Army post deployment reintegration
scale

Blais, Thompson, McCreary-The


379
development and validation of the
Army post deployment reintegration
scale
Hinojosa-Using military friendships
to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1151

71 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Hinojosa-Using military friendships
to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

page
1151

Hinojosa-Using military friendships


to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1152

Hinojosa-Using military friendships


to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1152

Hinojosa-Using military friendships


to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1153

Additional Resource

Title

72 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Hinojosa-Using military friendships
to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

page
1155

Additional Resource

Title

Makin-Byrd, Gifford, McCutheon,


49
Glynn-Family and couples treatment
for newly returning veterans
Hinojosa-Using military friendships
to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1145

Hinojosa-Using military friendships


to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1146

Hinojosa-Using military friendships


to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1146

73 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Hinojosa-Using military friendships
to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

page
1146

Hinojosa-Using military friendships


to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1146

Hinojosa-Using military friendships


to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1149

Hinojosa-Using military friendships


to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1150

Hinojosa-Using military friendships


to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1150

Additional Resource

Title

74 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Hinojosa-Using military friendships
to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

page
1153

Hinojosa-Using military friendships


to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1153

Hinojosa-Using military friendships


to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1154

Hinojosa-Using military friendships


to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1155

Bragin-Can anyine here know who I


am? Co-constructing meaningful
narratives with combat veterans

316

Additional Resource

Title

75 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Currie, Day, Kelloway- Bringing the
troops back home: Modeling the
postdeployment reintegration
experience

page

Additional Resource

Title

44

Elspeth-Update on combat
psychiatry: From the battle front to
the home front and back again

12

Elspeth-Update on combat
psychiatry: From the battle front to
the home front and back again

12

Westwood, McLean, Cave, Borgen,


46
Slakov- Coming home: A groupbased approach for assisting military
veterans in transition

Westwood, McLean, Cave, Borgen,


47
Slakov- Coming home: A groupbased approach for assisting military
veterans in transition

76 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Shea, Vujanovic, Mansfield, Sevin,
Liu-Posttraumatic stress disorder
symptoms and functional
impairment among OEF and OIF
National Guard and Reserve
veterans

page
100

Shea, Vujanovic, Mansfield, Sevin,


Liu-Posttraumatic stress disorder
symptoms and functional
impairment among OEF and OIF
National Guard and Reserve
veterans

100

Doyle, Peterson-Re-entry and


reintegration returning home after
combat

362

Doyle, Peterson-Re-entry and


reintegration returning home after
combat

367

Additional Resource

Title

Demers- When veterans return home 162

Collins, 1998, p. 216

The complex context of American


military culture

Demers- When veterans return home 162

Collins, 1998, p. 216

The complex context of American


military culture

77 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Demers- When veterans return home 162

Bragin-Can anyine here know who I


am? Co-constructing meaningful
narratives with combat veterans

Additional Resource
Doyle & Peterson, 2005

Title
Re-entry and reintegration:
Returning home after combat

IOM, Institute of Medicine

Returning home from Iraq and


Afghanistan: Preliminary
assessment of readjustment
needs of veterans,
servicemembers, and their
families.

316

Bragin-Can anyone here know who I 319


am? Co-constructing meaningful
narratives with combat veterans

Hinojosa-Using military friendships


to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1146

Makin-Byrd, Gifford, McCutheon,


48
Glynn-Family and couples treatment
for newly returning veterans

78 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Makin-Byrd, Gifford, McCutheon,
48
Glynn-Family and couples treatment
for newly returning veterans
Makin-Byrd, Gifford, McCutheon,
49
Glynn-Family and couples treatment
for newly returning veterans

Additional Resource

Savoca & Rosenheck, 2000

Title

The civilian labor market


experiences of Vietnam era
veterans.

Makin-Byrd, Gifford, McCutheon,


49
Glynn-Family and couples treatment
for newly returning veterans
Resnik, Gray, Borgia-Measurement of 90
community reintegration in sample
of severely wounded
servicemembers

Rosencheck, Frisman, Chung The proportion of veterans among


(2007)
homeless men.

Bowling, Sherman- Welcoming them 451


home: Supporting service members
and their families in navigating the
tasks of reintegration

Hoge-(2004)

79 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Polusny, Erbes, Arbisi, Thuras, Kehle, 353
Rath, Courage, Reddy, Duff-Impact
of prior operation enduring
freedom/operation Iraqi freedom
combat duty on mental health in a
predeployment cohort of National
Guard Soldiers

Additional Resource

Title

Baker, Heppner, Afari, Nunnink,


776
Kilmer, Simmons, Harder, BosseTrauma exposure, branch of service,
and physical injury in relation to
mental health among U.S. veterans
returning from Iraq and Afghanistan

Zeber, Noel, Pugh, Copeland,


Parchman-Family perceptions of
post-deployment healthcare needs
of Iraq/Afghanistan military
personnel

136

Zeber, Noel, Pugh, Copeland,


Parchman-Family perceptions of
post-deployment healthcare needs
of Iraq/Afghanistan military
personnel

136

Zeber, Noel, Pugh, Copeland,


Parchman-Family perceptions of
post-deployment healthcare needs
of Iraq/Afghanistan military
personnel

138

80 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Burke, Olney, Degeneffe-A new
disability for rehabilitation
counselors: Iraq war veterans with
traumatic brain injury and post
traumatic stress disorder
Elspeth-Update on combat
psychiatry: From the battle front to
the home front and back again

page

Additional Resource

Title

11

Bryan, Morrow- Circumventing


16
mental health stigma by embracing
the warrior culture: Lessons learned
from the defender's edge program

Vogt, Vaughn, Glickman, Schultz,


Drainoni, Elwy, Eisen-Gender
differences in combat-related
stressors and their association with
postdeployment mental health in a
nationally representative sample of
U.S. OEF/OIF veterans.

798

81 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Vogt, Vaughn, Glickman, Schultz,
Drainoni, Elwy, Eisen-Gender
differences in combat-related
stressors and their association with
postdeployment mental health in a
nationally representative sample of
U.S. OEF/OIF veterans.

page
798

Vogt, Vaughn, Glickman, Schultz,


Drainoni, Elwy, Eisen-Gender
differences in combat-related
stressors and their association with
postdeployment mental health in a
nationally representative sample of
U.S. OEF/OIF veterans.

799

Booth-Kewley, Larson, HighfillMcRoy, Garland, Gaskin-Factors


associated with antisocial behavior
in combat veterans

331

Currie, Day, Kelloway- Bringing the


troops back home: Modeling the
postdeployment reintegration
experience

44

Booth-Kewley, Larson, HighfillMcRoy, Garland, Gaskin-Factors


associated with antisocial behavior
in combat veterans

331

Additional Resource

Title

82 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Booth-Kewley, Larson, HighfillMcRoy, Garland, Gaskin-Factors
associated with antisocial behavior
in combat veterans

page
331

Additional Resource

Title

Demers- When veterans return home 176

Makin-Byrd, Gifford, McCutheon,


47
Glynn-Family and couples treatment
for newly returning veterans

Baker, Heppner, Afari, Nunnink,


777
Kilmer, Simmons, Harder, BosseTrauma exposure, branch of service,
and physical injury in relation to
mental health among U.S. veterans
returning from Iraq and Afghanistan

Elspeth-Update on combat
psychiatry: From the battle front to
the home front and back again

11

83 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Demers- When veterans return home 167

Additional Resource

Title

Demers- When veterans return home 169

Demers- When veterans return home 160


Hinojosa-Using military friendships
to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1154

Bowling, Sherman- Welcoming them 456


home: Supporting service members
and their families in navigating the
tasks of reintegration

Demers- When veterans return home 170

84 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Currie, Day, Kelloway- Bringing the
troops back home: Modeling the
postdeployment reintegration
experience

page

Additional Resource

Title

39

Blais, Thompson, McCreary-The


365
development and validation of the
Army post deployment reintegration
scale

Wilson & Krauss, 1985

Bowling, Sherman- Welcoming them 453


home: Supporting service members
and their families in navigating the
tasks of reintegration

Demers- When veterans return home 175

Blais, Thompson, McCreary-The


366
development and validation of the
Army post deployment reintegration
scale
Demers- When veterans return home 164

Adler & McAdams, 2007

85 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Demers- When veterans return home 174

Hinojosa-Using military friendships


to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

Additional Resource

Title

1152

Makin-Byrd, Gifford, McCutheon,


48
Glynn-Family and couples treatment
for newly returning veterans
Burke, Olney, Degeneffe-A new
disability for rehabilitation
counselors: Iraq war veterans with
traumatic brain injury and post
traumatic stress disorder

86 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Hinojosa-Using military friendships
to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

page
1146

Hinojosa-Using military friendships


to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1146

Additional Resource

Title

Makin-Byrd, Gifford, McCutheon,


51
Glynn-Family and couples treatment
for newly returning veterans

Bragin-Can anyine here know who I


am? Co-constructing meaningful
narratives with combat veterans

317

Katz, Cojucar, Davenport-Post


41
deployment readjustment inventory:
reliability, validity, and gender
differences
Demers- When veterans return home 169

87 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Bragin-Can anyone here know who I 318
am? Co-constructing meaningful
narratives with combat veterans

Additional Resource

Title

Bragin-Can anyone here know who I 320


am? Co-constructing meaningful
narratives with combat veterans
Demers- When veterans return home 161

Booth-Kewley, Larson, HighfillMcRoy, Garland, Gaskin-Factors


associated with antisocial behavior
in combat veterans

330

Beowulf Spark Notes

88 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Hinojosa-Using military friendships
to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

page
1146

Additional Resource
Shakespeare

Title

Demers- When veterans return home 170


Demers- When veterans return home 170

Demers- When veterans return home 171


Demers- When veterans return home 171
Demers- When veterans return home 171

Hinojosa-Using military friendships


to optimize postdeployment
reintegration for male Operation
Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring
Freedom veterans

1152

Demers- When veterans return home 160

89 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Burke, Olney, Degeneffe-A new
disability for rehabilitation
counselors: Iraq war veterans with
traumatic brain injury and post
traumatic stress disorder

page

Additional Resource

Title

Demers- When veterans return home 161

Makin-Byrd, Gifford, McCutheon,


48
Glynn-Family and couples treatment
for newly returning veterans
Booth-Kewley, Larson, HighfillMcRoy, Garland, Gaskin-Factors
associated with antisocial behavior
in combat veterans

335

Doyle, Peterson-Re-entry and


reintegration returning home after
combat

367

Bowling, Sherman- Welcoming them 453


home: Supporting service members
and their families in navigating the
tasks of reintegration
Booth-Kewley, Larson, HighfillMcRoy, Garland, Gaskin-Factors
associated with antisocial behavior
in combat veterans

335

90 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Currie, Day, Kelloway- Bringing the
troops back home: Modeling the
postdeployment reintegration
experience

page

Additional Resource

Title

41

Bragin-Can anyone here know who I 319


am? Co-constructing meaningful
narratives with combat veterans

Peterson 1991-Theoretical
Perspectives.

Westwood, McLean, Cave, Borgen,


45
Slakov- Coming home: A groupbased approach for assisting military
veterans in transition
Westwood, McLean, Cave, Borgen,
45
Slakov- Coming home: A groupbased approach for assisting military
veterans in transition
Westwood, McLean, Cave, Borgen,
45
Slakov- Coming home: A groupbased approach for assisting military
veterans in transition

91 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Demers- When veterans return home 160

Bowling, Sherman- Welcoming them 453


home: Supporting service members
and their families in navigating the
tasks of reintegration

Additional Resource

Title

Hoge-(2006)

Katz, Cojucar, Davenport-Post


42
deployment readjustment inventory:
reliability, validity, and gender
differences
Demers- When veterans return home 160
Blais, Thompson, McCreary-The
366
development and validation of the
Army post deployment reintegration
scale

Makin-Byrd, Gifford, McCutheon,


48
Glynn-Family and couples treatment
for newly returning veterans

92 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Makin-Byrd, Gifford, McCutheon,
49
Glynn-Family and couples treatment
for newly returning veterans

Additional Resource

Title

Bragin-Can anyone here know who I 319


am? Co-constructing meaningful
narratives with combat veterans

Resnik, Gray, Borgia-Measurement of 89


community reintegration in sample
of severely wounded
servicemembers

Resnik, Gray, Borgia-Measurement of 90


community reintegration in sample
of severely wounded
servicemembers
Bowling, Sherman- Welcoming them 451
home: Supporting service members
and their families in navigating the
tasks of reintegration

93 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Bowling, Sherman- Welcoming them 451
home: Supporting service members
and their families in navigating the
tasks of reintegration

Additional Resource

Title

Bowling, Sherman- Welcoming them 451


home: Supporting service members
and their families in navigating the
tasks of reintegration
Bowling, Sherman- Welcoming them 452
home: Supporting service members
and their families in navigating the
tasks of reintegration

Currie, Day, Kelloway- Bringing the


troops back home: Modeling the
postdeployment reintegration
experience

38

94 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
Booth-Kewley, Larson, HighfillMcRoy, Garland, Gaskin-Factors
associated with antisocial behavior
in combat veterans

page
335

Doyle, Peterson-Re-entry and


reintegration returning home after
combat

365

Doyle, Peterson-Re-entry and


reintegration returning home after
combat

367

Additional Resource

Title

Westwood, McLean, Cave, Borgen,


45
Slakov- Coming home: A groupbased approach for assisting military
veterans in transition

95 of 104

Dissertation Notes and Quotes


source
page
Anestis, Bryan, Cornette, Joiner61
Understanding suicidal behavior in
the military: An evaluation of Joiner's
interpersonal-psychological theory of
suicidal behavior in two case studies
of active duty post deployers

Additional Resource

Title

Bowling, Sherman- Welcoming them 452


home: Supporting service members
and their families in navigating the
tasks of reintegration

Westwood, McLean, Cave, Borgen,


47
Slakov- Coming home: A groupbased approach for assisting military
veterans in transition

96 of 104

snippet
Risk for anxiety, depression, and anger symptomology.
Suicides among troops have been widely

source
Demers- When veterans retur

emers- When veterans return home

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source

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