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MODIS/ASTER Airborne
Simulator
James Jacobson
Univ. Of California, Santa Cruz
Introduction
Background
Basic Principles of Earth Observation
MASTER Instrument Description
Data characteristics
Example Applications
The Electromagnetic
Spectrum
MASTER lRange
Thermal IR Radiation
Spectral Dispersion:
Prisms or Diffraction Gratings
MASTER: the
MODIS/ASTER
Airborne Simulator
Instrument
Description
Simulates:
- ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflection
Radiometer) on the Terra satellite
- MODIS (Moderate resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer)
on the Terra and Aqua satellites
Supports NASA satellite validation and fundamental Earth
science research
50 spectral bands in four spectral regions
(visible through thermal infrared)
Precision Geo-Referencing
Spectral Range
(m)
Number
of Bands
11
14
15
10
Bandwidth
(m)
0.040
0.050
0.150
0.500
4 Spectrometers
Scanning Telescope
Optics
Incoming Energy
ER-2
Sensor
Sensor
Viewing Coverage
Geometry
65,000 ft
24 in.
LENS
8 n. mi.
6.6 n. mi./min
12 in.
LENS
IRIS II
Panoramic Camera
MAS, MASTER,
AOCI, MAMS
TMS
4 n. mi
8 n. mi.
6 in.
LENS
20 n. mi.
21.4 n. mi.
16 n. mi
2 n. mi.
at NADIR
16 n. mi
ER-2
DC-8
B200
21
Mission Statement:
Supported By:
EOS Project Science Office
NASA Airborne Science Program
Instrument Characteristics
Wavelength range
Number of channels
Number of pixels
Instantaneous Field of
View
Total Field of View
Platforms
Pixel size DC-8
Pixel size ER-2
Pixel size B200
ER-2 Range
B200 Range
DC-8 Range
Scan speeds
Products
Calibration VIS-SWIR
Calibration MIR-TIR
Data Format
Digitization
0.4-13 micrometers
50
716
2.5 milliradians
85.92 degrees
KingAir (Beechcraft B200)
NASA ER-2, DC-8, WB-57, P-3B
10-30 m
50 m
5-20 m
3700 statute miles
700 statute miles
6200 statute miles
6.25/12.5/25 rps
Radiance at sensor (Level 1B)
Laboratory Integrating Sphere
2 On-board Blackbodies
Hierarchical Data Format (HDF)
16-bit
Data System
Analog Signals
Collimated Energy
Beam
Digitizer &
Data System
Scanning Optics
(telescope, scan mirror,
motor/encoder, blackbody
calibrators)
Inertial
Measurement
Unit
Motor Controller
Blackbody Controller
Applanix POS-AV
Disk
Storage
Telemetry
Interface
Module
Data Characteristics
MASTER Bands
Reflected Solar Energy Bands
Visible
Mid-Wave IR
Near-IR
Thermal IR
Short-Wave IR
H2O
O2
H2O
CO2
H2O
CO2
H2O
H2O
O3
CO2
Radiometric Calibration
II.
Spectral Characterization
III.
IV.
MASTER Calibration
Pre and post deployment laboratory calibrations of bands 1-25 over 40 inch
integrating sphere
Onboard and Laboratory Hot & Cold Blackbodies (MWIR/TIR)
Environmental Simulation Chamber
Ground Truth Validation (field spectro-radiometers & TIR buoys)
Integrating Spheres
Infrared Blackbodies
12 Collimator with
spectral sources
Focus targets
Environmental chambers
Transfer Radiometer
Spectral Calibration Configuration
MONOCHROMETER
MAS SPECTROMETER
Ref. Paper:
LIGHT SOURCES
CHOPPER
Integrating Spheres
FILTER WHEEL
M3
Spectral Sources
M2
M4
M1
32
http://www.hdfgroup.org
http://masterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/
Natural Color
R: B5 G: B3 B: B2
Color Infrared
R: B7 G: B5 B: B3
NDVI
(B7+B5 ) + (B7-B5)
Thermal Infrared
B48 (dark = cold)
TC4
DC-8 Contrail
MAS IR Composite
41
Second Outline
Level
-Third Outline
Level
l Fourth
Outline Level
-Fifth
Outline
Second Outline
Level
-Third Outline
Level
l Fourth
Outline Level
-Fifth
Outline
(November 13-14, 2007,
B-200 Aircraft)
Courtesy of JPL
2007 Post-Fire
Summer 2008
Courtesy of JPL
Courtesy of JPL
Second Outline
Level
-Third Outline
Level
l Fourth
Outline Level
-Fifth
Outline
Second Outline
Level
-Third Outline
Level
l Fourth
Outline Level
-Fifth
Outline
11/17/91
12/5/93
55
SARP 2010
R-G-B Natural
Color
Composite
Hook, S. J., Myers, J. S., Thome, K. J., Fitzgerald, M. and A. B. Kahle, The MODIS/ASTER
Airborne Simulator A New Instrument for Earth Science Studies. Remote Sensing of
Environment, Vol. 79, Issue 1, pp 93-102, 2001
Yang-Lang Chang, Chin-Chuan Han, Kuo-Chin Fan, K.S. Chen, and Jeng-Horng Chang.
2002. A Modular Eigen Subspace Scheme for High-dimensional Data Classification with
NASA MODIS/ASTER (MASTER) airborne simulator datasets of Pacrim II project.
F. A. Kruse. 2002. Combined SWIR and LWIR Mineral Mapping Using MASTER/ASTER.
http://asapdata.arc.nasa.gov/
http://masterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/