Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
3d 343
NOTICE: Although citation of unpublished opinions remains unfavored,
unpublished opinions may now be cited if the opinion has persuasive value on a
material issue, and a copy is attached to the citing document or, if cited in oral
argument, copies are furnished to the Court and all parties. See General Order of
November 29, 1993, suspending 10th Cir. Rule 36.3 until December 31, 1995, or
further order.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination
of this appeal. See Fed. R.App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
Mr. Schmidt appeals the denial of his petition for writ of habeas corpus. Mr.
Schmidt sought review of the United States Parole Commission's decision not
to reopen his case so as to consider the conjunctive impact of a U.S.P.C. rule
change and of new information not presented at his original parole hearing. The
district court concluded that the U.S.P.C. had not abused its discretion and
denied relief. We affirm for substantially the reasons relied upon by the district
court.
We agree with the district court that the modification adopted by the U.S.P.C.
did not so alter the parole framework as to render the U.S.P.C.'s refusal to
reopen the case irrational, arbitrary, or capricious. The new language makes
explicit the U.S.P.C.'s practice of attributing to a conspirator all activities
"committed in furtherance of the conspiracy and subsequent to the date the
prisoner joined the conspiracy." 57 Fed.Reg. 21,209-10 (May 19, 1992). We
concur with the district court that nothing in the new language favors Mr.
Schmidt: he was convicted of conspiracy; the U.S.P.C. based his sentence on
all of the drugs associated with the conspiracy; and the new rule approves of
this result.
To the extent that Mr. Schmidt challenges the substantive basis of the
U.S.P.C.'s decision, his appeal likewise fails. The traditional rule holds a
defendant liable for all of the reasonably foreseeable acts of co-conspirators
taken in furtherance of the conspiracy. Pinkerton v. United States, 328 U.S.
640, 646-47 (1946); United States v. Brewer, 983 F.2d 181, 185 (10th Cir.),
cert. denied, 113 S.Ct. 2348 (1993). Mr. Schmidt was convicted of conspiracy
to distribute or possess cocaine. The amount of cocaine attributed to the
conspiracy as a whole finds support in the record; there is likewise sufficient
evidence to conclude that it was reasonably foreseeable that the conspiracy
would distribute that quantity of drugs. We therefore cannot hold the U.S.P.C.'s
decision to be an abuse of discretion.
The decision of the district court is AFFIRMED. The mandate shall issue
forthwith.
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of
law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally