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t- onc _fiLE COP'
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C FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
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ARTIFICIAL CLOUDS IN THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE
by
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ELECTED
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S' . FE8221988
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Distribution authorized to U.S. Government
agencies and their contractors (Copyright)
(5 Feb 88 ). Other requests for this
document shall be referred to F'ID/STINFO.
88 2 22 116
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HUMAN TRANSLATION DTle TAB
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FTD-ID(RS)T-1409-87 5 February 1988
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English pages : 7
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Source: Chelovek 1 Stikhiya. G1drometeo1%da t,
1984, pp. 41 - 42 / "Ie ' \
Country of origin: USSR
Translated by: Carol S. Nack
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GRAPHICS DISCLAIMER
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The idea ot creating luminous clouds to study the physicochemi
cal and dynamic processes in the upper atmosphere proved to be so
intriguing that it was rapidly developed in many ro~ket experiments.
After sodium, other substances began to be used, such .:l~. lithium,
potassium, cesium, barium oxide, europium, titanium tetrachl?~ide and
trimethyl aluminum, which are capable of creating neutral and even
ionized clouds. I.nd soon a new type of artificial cloud appeared
smoke clouds formed at stratospheric and mesospheric altitudes due to
the rapid combustion of certain chemically active substances in the
atmosphere with the subsequent formation of a cloud of submicron
particles which are good reflectors of solar radiation.
and spectral equipment and to provide the~e posts wi~h the reliable
communicat~ons system needed to perform synchronous measurements.
Because the substances discharged are highly chemically active, a
whole series of technical problems must be solved in order to work
with them, such as creating special evaporators and devices to suc
cessfully discharge the substances into the atmosphere, making 2~
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probably only ~xceeded by the polar aurora begins to unfold in the
sky. A long blue- green wake forms in the atmosphere from the dis
charge of trimethyl aluminum interspersed with red and orange sphere~ j
from the discharges of lithium and sodiu~ 1 and somewhere on the v~ry
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top of the wake barium bursts out in a light blue cloud. It is
rapidly separated into neutral and ionized parts which go off in
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The experiment was completed .and the cloud had dispersed, but it
was still captured on film and in the memory of thQ instruments which
r~corded it. Then the results of the observations are ana~yzed at
the site itself and in laboratories. They are used to reconstruct
the details of the pattern of movement of the cloud as a whole and
its individual parts through space, which makes it possible t o deter
mine the wind velocity and direction in the investIgated range of
a,ltitudes. The parameters of molecular and turbulEnt diffusion ilre
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estimated from the rate of dispersion of the cloud, and from the
emission spect.rum - the ambient temperature, etc.
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Looking at eY.periments with artificial clouds from this view <
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point, one must admit that they have alreddy contri~uted a great deal ~
5
to understanding the nature of the processes which take place in the
upper atmosphere. ihe first unique data about variations in wind
velocity and direct.io.l cl nd the density and temperature in the thenuo
sphere were obtainec ~y these experiments; the role of flow movements
and interni'l} w.lves in forming the vertical structure of wind was
demons trated, t he mos t completa information about small- scale tur.bu
ll!.':.~~e was obtained and the upper limit of its existence in the
Earth ' s atmosphere was established. Studie ~ of the electrical and
magnetic fields in the ionosphere and ~agnetosphere were conducted
based on the drift of ionized clouds, and their effect on the neutral
component of the atmosphere t·/e.s estimated.
--
vide continuous monitoring of the state of the atmosphere on a global
scale . 'FUrther horizons are being discovered for. rocket experiments,
,;
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including for the artificial cloud method, and new research problems 1
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are being set up. They include making subsatellite measurements,
comparing the measurement and calibration data of the developing
ground methods of sounding the upper atmosphere, and verifying the
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theoretica l models being developed. The problem of studying the
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" 'n ature of the propagation of pollutants in the 20-120 kilometer laye~
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