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ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
FORM 5
MODULE 13
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTIONS
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CONTENT
PAGE
13.3. ACTIVITY 1
13.6. ACTIVITY 2
10
13.8. ANSWERS
12
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13.1
CHAPTER 8
CONCEPT MAP
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
X ~B( n, p)
Probability
in Binomial Distribution
Binomial Distribution
Graph
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Example 2 :
1
. Calculate
20
the probability that exactly 3 durians are rotten if a sample of 10 durians is chosen.
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1 3 19 103
) (
)
20
20
= (120)x(0.000125)x(0.6983)
= 0.0105
Example 3 :
65% of Form Five students of a school pass the SPM Additional Mathematics paper. If a
sample of 5 student is chosen at random, calculate the probability that all of them pass the
SPM Additional Mathematics paper.
Solution :
Step 1 : Identify the parameters:
p = 65% = 0.65
q = 1 0.65 = 0.35
r=5
n=5
Step 2 : Substitute into the formula
P(X = r) = n C r p r q n r
P(X = 5) = 5 C 5 (0.65) 5 (0.35) 55
= (1)x(0.116)x(1)
= 0.116
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Example 4 :
The probability that Danial will win a tennis competition is 0.8. If a total of 5 games are played,
find the probability that Danial will win
(a) exactly 3 games,
(b) at least three games,
(c) not more than 3 games.
Solution :
(a) P(X = r) = n C r p r q n r
P(X = 3) = 5 C 3 (0.8) 3 (0.2) 2
= (10)x(0.512)x(0.04)
= 0.2048
(b) P(X 3) = P(X = 3) + P(X = 4) + P(X = 5)
= [ 5 C 3 (0.8) 3 (0.2) 2 ] + [ 5 C 4 (0.8) 4 (0.2) 1 ] + [ 5 C 5 (0.8) 5 (0.2) 0 ]
= 0.2048 + 0.4096 + 0.3277
= 0.9421
(c) P(X 3) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3)
= [ 5 C 0 (0.8) 0 (0.2) 5 ] + [ 5 C 1 (0.8) 1 (0.2) 4 ] + [ 5 C 2 (0.8) 2 (0.2) 3 ] + [ 5 C 3 (0.8) 3 (0.2) 2 ]
= 0.00032 + 0.0064 + 0.0512 + 0.2048
= 0.2627
ALTERNATIVE METHOD
(d) P(X 3) = 1 - P(X = 4) - P(X = 5)
= 1 - 0.4096 - 0.3277
= 0.2627
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13.3 ACTIVITY 1
1. During a shooting competition, the probability that Rasyidi will strike the target
is 0.8. If Rasyidi fires 8 shoots, calculate the probability that exactly 7 shots
strike the target.
3. The probability that Rafieq will win a badminton competition is 60%. If a total
of 7 games are played, find the probability that Rafieq will win
(a) exactly 4 games,
(b) at least 5 games,
(c) not more than 4 games.
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P(X = 0) = 4 C 0 (
P(X = 1) = 4 C 1
P(X = 2) = 4 C 2
P(X = 3) = 4 C 3
P(X = 4) = 4 C 4
(c)
r
P(X = r)
0
0.0625
1
0.25
2
0.375
3
0.25
4
0.0625
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P(X= r)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0
= np
2 = npq
npq
Example 1 :
40% of the students in a school wear spectacles. From a sample of 10 students, calculate the
mean, variance and standard deviation of the number of students who wear spectacles.
Solution :
p = 40% = 0.4, q = 1 0.4 = 0.6, n = 10
Mean, = np
= 10 x 0.4
= 4
Variance, 2 = npq
= 10 x 0.4 x 0.6
= 2.4
Standard deviation, =
npq
= 2.4
= 1.549
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Example 2 :
In a group of teachers, the mean and variance of the number of teachers who own a Proton car
are 6 and 2.4 respectively. Find the probability that a teacher chosen at random owns a Proton
car.
Solution :
Mean, = np = 6
np = 6 --------- (1)
Variance, 2 = npq = 2.4
npq = 2.4
(2)
,
(1)
npq
=
np
q=
p =
--------(2)
2 .4
6
0.4
1 0.4 = 0.6
Hence, the probability that a teacher chosen at random owns a Proton car is 0.6.
13.6 ACTIVITY 2
1
. If there are 20
16
papayas in the basket, calculate the mean and standard deviation of the rotten papayas in the
basket.
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p = probability of
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13.8 ANSWERS
ACTIVITY 1:
1. 0.3355
2. 0.07776
3. (a) 0.2903
(b) 0.4199
(c) 0.5801
ACTIVITY 2:
1. = 1.25
= 1.083
3. (a) 0.8976
(b) 15.73
ACTIVITY 3:
1. 0.2965
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SPM
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
FORM 5
MODULE 14
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTIONS
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CONTENT
PAGE
2
14.3 Score- z
1 14.4 ACTIVITY 1
14.5 ACTIVITY 2
10
11
14.6. ACTIVITY 3
14.7 SPM QUESTIONS
13
15
18
14.9. ANSWERS
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14.1
CHAPTER 8
CONCEPT MAP
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
2
X ~N ( , )
Probability
in Normal Distribution
Standardised Normal
Distribution
Z ~N (0,1)
Score- z
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14.2
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Example 1 :
Find the value of each of the following probabilities by reading the standardised normal
distribution table.
(a) P(Z > 0.934)
1.25
1.25
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-0.23
0.23
-1.512
1.512
0.4
1.2
0.4
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1.2
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-0.828
-0.555
0.828
0.555
-0.255
0.13
-0.255
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14.3
Score- z
Example 2 :
Find the value of each of the following :
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
P(Z z) = 0.2546
P(Z < z) = 0.0329
P(Z < z) = 0.6623
P(z < Z < z 0.548) = 0.4723
Solution
(a) P(Z z) = 0.2546
Score-z = 0.66
0.2546
(c)
(d)
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Example 3 :
The masses of the loaves of bread produced by a bakery are normally distributed with a
mean of 400 g and a standard deviation of 15 g. Calculate
(a) the standardised score for the mass of 405 g,
(b) the probability that a loaf of bread chosen at random will have a mass of more than
405 g,
(c) the percentage of loaves of bread that have masses of less than 403 g,
(d) the number of the loaves of bread that have masses between 394 g and 409 g if 1000
loaves of bread are produced in a day.
Solution
(a) X = 405, = 400, = 15
The standardised score,
Z=
X
405 400 1
=
=
15
3
= PZ
15
= P (Z > 0.3333)
= 0.3696
(c) P(X < 403)
403 400
= PZ
15
= P (Z < 0.2)
= 1 P(Z > 0.2)
= 1 0.4207
= 0.5793
= 0.5793 x 100%
= 57.93%
(d) P(394 < X < 409)
409 400
394 400
= P
Z
15
15
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Hence, if 1000 loaves of bread are produced, the number of loaves that masses between
394 g and 409 g is 0.3811 x 1000 = 381.1 = 381
2. P( Z> 0.1)
3. P( Z 2.018)
4 P( Z<-0.5)
.
5 P( Z -0.34)
6. P( Z -3.47)
8. P(-0.25< Z< 0)
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1. P (Z< z) = 0.5987
2. P (Z< z) = 0.1515
4. P (Z< z) = 0.4247
6. P (Z z) = 0.99865
7. P (0.5<Z< z) = 0.0342
8. P (Z z) = 0.9898
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(ii)
(iii)
P(58<X<63)
1
and 1 have x
2
scores .11 and 12 respectively. Find the mean and standard deviation of the normal
distribution.
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3. The additional mathematics mark for a group of students has a normal distribution
and the mean is 48 while the standard deviation is 5. Determine the probability for
a student to have the mark of
(a) greater than 55
(b) between 40 and 52
P (X>35)
(ii)
P(X<28)
(iii)
P( X > 33)
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14.7
1.The mass of the workers in a factory is normally distributed with a mean of 67.86 kg
and a variance of 42.25kg.200 of the workers in the factory weigh between 50 kg and 70
kg. Find the total number of worker in the factory.
2.A survey on body-mass is done on a group of students has a normal distribution with a
mean of 50 kg and a standard deviation of 15kg.
(i) If a student is chosen at random,calculate the probability that his mass is less than 41
kg.
(ii) Given that 12% of the students have a mass of more than m kg, find the value of m.
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3.The mass of water- melon chosen randomly from the orchard follows a normal
distribution with a mean of 3.2 kg and a standard deviation of 0.5kg. Find
(i) the probability that a water-melon chosen randomly from the orchard has a mass of
not more than 4.0kg
(ii) the value of m if 60% of the water-melons from the orchard have a mass of more
than m kg.
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(ii)
(b) Given that 5% of the machines have than spans of more than n days, find the
value of n
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2.The weight of fish reared by a farmer are normally distributed with mean 1.2 kg and
standard deviation 0.1 kg. Calculate
(a) the probability that a fish chosen at random has a weight that is between 0.9kg
and 1.3kg
(b) the percentage of fish with weights less than 1.25 kg
Answer;
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3.The result of a test is normally distributed with mean 55 and standard deviation
10. If the passing mark is at least 40, find the probability of the chosen student
passed the test.
4.The probability for Mazlan whom threw a stone to hit the target is 0.65.Find the
quantity of stones for Mazlan to hit the target at least once so that the probability would
be greater than 0.9
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ANSWERS
14.9 Activity 8.1
1.0.2620
2. 0.4602
3. 0.9782
4. 0.3085
.
5. 0.6331
6. 0.99974
7. 0.1427
8. 0.0987
Activity 8.2
1. 0.25
2. -1.03
3. -1.08
4. -0.19
5. -0.417
6. -3.00
7. 0.600
8. 2.32
Activity 8.3
1. (i) 0.99534 (ii) 0.4207 (iii) 0.2195
2. 10, 2
3. (a) 0.0808
(b) 0.7333
4. (i) 0.8413
(ii) 0.0303
(iii) 0.7888
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SELF ASSESSMENT
1. (a) (i) 0.1430,
(ii) 0.589,
(b) n=1549
2. (a) 0.84,
(b) 69.15%
3. 9332
4. 3
SPM QUESTIONS
1. 319 workers
2. (i) 0.2743,
(ii) m=67.625kg
3. (i) 0.9452,
(ii) m=3.0735
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