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Cement Kiln
Process Chemistry
Module 3. Emissions from cement kilns.
3.4 Dioxins and furans.
3.4 Dioxins
3.4 Dioxins
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3.4 Dioxins
3.4 Dioxins
The reason dioxins and furans have been targeted under the POPs
treaty is that they are carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic.
.they may be cancer forming, may cause generic mutations, or
may cause modification of foetal tissue.
Once emitted into the environment they are also persistent..
.they are poorly soluble in water. .not very volatile...
..and adsorb strongly to particles and surfaces.
They are stable in the environment and accumulate in the fatty
tissues of animals and humans.
3.4 Dioxins
The reason dioxins and furans have been targeted under the POPs
treaty is that they are carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic.
.they may be cancer forming, may cause generic mutations, or
may cause modification of foetal tissue.
There are 75 dioxins .compounds similar to
dichlorobenzo dioxin (CDD) .and 135 furans,
compounds similar to dichlorobenzofuran.
They are polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and
polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs).
This document is for the sole use of students enrolled on course CKPC01 and cannot be reprinted, reproduced or distributed without prior written consent from Tradeship Publications Ltd
http://Training.CemNet.com
3.4 Dioxins
The reason dioxins and furans have been targeted under the POPs
treaty is that they are carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic.
.they may be cancer forming, may cause generic mutations, or
may cause modification of foetal tissue.
There are 75 dioxins .compounds similar to
dichlorobenzo dioxin (CDD) .and 135 furans,
compounds similar to dichlorobenzofuran.
The best known examples are tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD)
. and tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF).
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
O
Cl
3.4 Dioxins
There are two mechanisms for the formation of dioxins and furans in
thermal processes.
Homogenous gas phase pyrolytic reactions of chlorinated
organic compounds in the temperature range 200~800C.
Combustion of fuels in both the main burner and precalciner of a
cement kiln is at temperatures above this range ..however,
in precalciners or secondary burners in the preheater only just
above this temperature range.
Halogenated hydrocarbons might not be fully decomposed when
fired in precalciners or secondary burners, therefore such fuels
should only be fired in the main burner of a cement kiln where
dioxin formation by this mechanism cannot take place.
3.4 Dioxins
There are two mechanisms for the formation of dioxins and furans in
thermal processes.
A greater potential concern is the chlorination of non-chlorinated
organic compounds by inorganic chloride compounds (HCl or
NaCl) via a suitable transition metal catalyst.
So-called de Novo synthesis of dioxins.. this can
take place in the temperature range 200~450C by
heterogeneous reaction between combustion gases and particle
surfaces.
This document is for the sole use of students enrolled on course CKPC01 and cannot be reprinted, reproduced or distributed without prior written consent from Tradeship Publications Ltd
http://Training.CemNet.com
3.4 Dioxins
3.4 Dioxins
3.4 Dioxins
This document is for the sole use of students enrolled on course CKPC01 and cannot be reprinted, reproduced or distributed without prior written consent from Tradeship Publications Ltd
http://Training.CemNet.com
3.4 Dioxins
3.4 Dioxins
3.4 Dioxins
This document is for the sole use of students enrolled on course CKPC01 and cannot be reprinted, reproduced or distributed without prior written consent from Tradeship Publications Ltd
http://Training.CemNet.com
3.4 Dioxins
Cement Kiln
Process Chemistry
Module 3. Emissions from cement kilns.
3.4 Dioxins and furans.
This document is for the sole use of students enrolled on course CKPC01 and cannot be reprinted, reproduced or distributed without prior written consent from Tradeship Publications Ltd
http://Training.CemNet.com