TWI TRAINING & CERTIFICATION

Phased Array AUT UT Coursework 3

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Q. 1

What is the most significant difference between the PipeWIZARD PA system used for pipeline
weld inspections and other pipeline mechanised UT systems (such as the RTD, Shaw and
Weldsonix systems)?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Q. 2

What is the distance from the centreline of the weld that the scribe line is made on the pipe
before it is welded together? (The scribe line is the reference used to set the band position for
the scanner to move on).

a.
b.
c.
d.
Q. 3

use larger zones

use larger targets
use more elements in the focal laws or a probe with higher frequency
all of the above are options that could help

As used in the pipeline girth weld applications, apart from limitations near the OD surface to
detect certain flaws and near the ID surface to detect flaws in a mismatch condition, what other
shortcoming does TOFD have over the zonal technique?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Q.6

Increase delay times between adjacent elements

Increase the number of adjacent elements used
Increase the pulser voltage
increase the receiver amplifier voltage

When a technique has been designed for thick wall sections using the zonal discrimination
technique the overtrace the 6dB zone separation can be difficult to achieve. What can be
done to overcome this problem if you find this an issue after the calibration block has been
fabricated?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Q. 5

25mm
30mm
40mm
125mm

Given the standard 60 element phased array probe used on pipeline girth welds, what aspect
of the phased array probe would be used to increase the position of the near zone for a focal
law for an unfocused beam?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Q. 4

The ultrasonic beam shape

The number of probes used
The use of TOFD to assist in interpretation
The practice of dividing the weld into zones

it does not determine which side of the weld the flaw occurs (US or DS)
it cannot assess flaw height
it cannot assess flaw length
all of the above

With regard to AUT what does ECA stand for:a.

b.
c.
d.

Estimated cross-sectional area

Engineering criteria assessment
Engineering criteria acceptance
Engineering critical assessment

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Q.7

TOFD shall be capable of

a.
b.
c.
d.

Q.8

256 grayscale display

white, gray and black colour display
black and white or colour display
unrectified modified A scan display

Which of the following are typical phased array probe designs

a.
b.
c.
d.

b
c

Q. 9

When using the standard 60 element linear array phased array probe what effect on the lateral
beam size at the focal spot does a shortening of the focal distance have?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Q.10

a.
b.
c.
d.

Q.12
a.
b.
c.
d.

increases it
decreases it
no change results in the lateral direction
none of the above, it is unpredictable

When setting up a TOFD focal law to inspect a 20mm thick wall pipe, the crossing point at the
centreline of the weld for the main beam, for the pulser and receivers should be at what depth
(as a percentage of wall thickness)?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Q.11

Linear
2D Matrix
2D sectorial / annular
all of the above

25%
50%
66%
80%

Why is a very broadband transducer preferred for TOFD in pipeline girth weld inspections?
To get maximum penetration
To avoid grain structure interference
To reduce the near-surface ring-time
To improve the far-surface resolution

At what speed must you run the calibration scan?

40mm/s
100mm/s
125mm/s
The same speed the weld is scanned

Q.13. Which channels provide the most likely detection of lack of inter-run fusion (cold lap)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Q14.

Strip-chart
TOFD
Volumetric
Both b and c can provide evidence of CL

What is the biggest cause of TOFD inability to detect defects on the ID surface in spite of that
region being the point at which TOFD has the maximum temporal resolution?

a. Mismatch geometry
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b. Poor signal to noise characteristics in that region

c. Insensitivity of TOFD to volumetric type flaws commonly associated with the ID root
region
d. There are no impediments to flaw detection in the ID regions of the weld.
Q.15

The 32/128 phased array instrument used with the 2-60 element phased array probes uses
only 120 of the possible electrical connectors on the instrument to address the 2 probes. What
are the other 8 pulser-receivers used for?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Q.16

dedicated TOFD
transverse pair techniques
spares
all of the above

What is another name for the S-scan?

a. Sectorial
b. Linear
c. Azimuthal
d. both (a) and (c)

Q.17

What is the type of phased array scan that uses a series of focal laws to sweep through a
range of angles from a nominally fixed exit point
a.
b.
c.
d.

Q18.

Which of the following is not a welding flaw?

a.
b.
c.
d.

Q.19.

Misfire
hi-lo (mismatch)
LOF
LCP

Under most circumstances, which of the following frequencies would result in the best
resolving power?
a
b.
c.
d.

Q.20

Sectorial
Linear
Arc
Dynamic depth focusing

1MHz
5MHz
10MHz
25MHz

Using phased array probes the focal point can be changed by which of the following methods
a.
b.
c.
d.

increasing the number of active elements

reducing the number of active elements
both (a) and (b)
The focal point is fixed and cannot be changed unless the probe is changed

TWI TRAINING & CERTIFICATION

Phased Array AUT UT Coursework 3
TWI AUT CW 1 Issue 0

Students Name:
Date:
Question
No.
1

Answer

Question No.
14

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TWI TRAINING & CERTIFICATION

Phased Array AUT UT Coursework 3
Students Name:
TWI AUT CW 1 Issue 0

Answer

Date:
Question
No.
1

Answer

Question No.

Answer

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

10

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13

TWI AUT CW 1 Issue 0