FORM 3 CHAPTER 6 : LAND AND ITS RESOURCES

1. Figure 1 shows an experiment to study the reaction between iron filings and oxygen.

Figure 1

a) i) What can you observe happening to the iron filings during the reaction?
_____________________________________________________________________
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[1 mark]
ii) Give one reason for the observation in (a) (i).
_____________________________________________________________________
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[1 mark]
b) write the word equation for the reaction.

[ 1 mark]

c) The iron filings in the experiment is then replaced with copper powder. Write the
word equation for the reaction.

[1 mark]

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d) Metal can be extracted from its oxide and its ore.
i) Draw a set-up of apparatus to show the extraction of metal from its oxide.

[2 marks]

ii) Explain how iron is extracted from its ore industrially.

_____________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________
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[2 marks]
2.

Figure 2
The apparatus shown in figure 2 was used in an activity. The following steps were
carried out:
Step 1 : The aluminium powder was heated.
Step 2 : When the aluminium powder glowed, the potassium (VII) manganate
was heated.
Step 3 : The reaction was observed and recorded.
Step 4 : Steps 1 to 3 were repeated with iron and copper.

a) What is the aim of this activity?

________________________________________________________________
_______
[1 mark]

b) What are the two variables that are kept constant in the activity?

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_______________________________________________________________________
_

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[2 marks]
c) Name the variable that
(i) is manipulated ________________________________________________
(ii) responds _____________________________________________________
[2 marks]
d) Arrange the metals used in this activity according to how fast they react. Start
with the fastest.
_______________________________________________________________________
_
[2 marks]
e) Name the products formed when these metals are used in this activity.
(i) Aluminium ___________________________________________________
(ii) Iron ___________________________________________________
(iii) Copper ___________________________________________________
[3 marks]

Figure 3

The apparatus shown in Figure 3 was used in an activity.

a) What is the chemical compound in eggshells?

____________________________________________________________________
____
[1 mark]

b) Write down the equation in words for the reaction that takes place in this
activity.
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[1 mark]

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 c) What is another name for the substance formed in (b).

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
d) What is formed when water is added in excess to the substance formed in (b)?

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
e) Write down the equation in words for the reaction that takes place in (d)?

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
f) Is heat absorbed or released in (d)?

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
g) A gas is given off when the egg shell is heated.

i) What is the gas given off?

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___
[1 mark]
ii) State the test used to identify this gas.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]

4. Figure 4 shows the apparatus used to study the reactions between metals and oxygen.
The results of the experiment are shown in Table 1.

Figure 4

Metal Reaction with oxygen

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 Zinc Burns moderately
Copper Glows slowly
Magnesium Burns vigorously

Table 1
a) What is the function of the potassium permanganate crystals?

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
b) Name the product formed when zinc reacts with oxygen.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
c) Write equations in words for the following metals when they react with oxygen.

i) copper : ____________________________________________________________
ii) magnesium : ________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
d) Arrange the three metals in descending order, starting with the most reactive metal.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[2 marks]

5. A mixture of lead and sulphur is heated as shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5

a) What is the product of this reaction?

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
b) Write an equation in words for this reaction.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]

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c) Lead and sulphur react naturally to produce a mineral. Name this mineral.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]

d) In Table 2, mark with (√) for those metals that will react with sulphur when heated.

Metal React with sulphur

Copper
Iron
Silver
Aluminium

Table 2
[4 marks]

6. Figure 6 shows the apparatus of an experiment to study the properties of calcium

carbonate.

Figure 6

a) What happens to the lime water after the reaction?

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
b) Name the gas given off during the heating process.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
c) What is another substance that can replace lime water to test the gas in (b)?
_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
d) Write an equation in words for the effect of heat on calcium carbonate.
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_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
e) State two other properties of calcium carbonate.

i) __________________________________________________________________
ii) __________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

7. Figure 7 shows the reaction of some sea shells with dilute hydrochloric acid. After a
while, the litmus solution turns red.

Figure 7

a) State three elements that can be found in sea shells.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[3 marks]
b) What is the gas released in the experiment?

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
c) Write an equation in words to show the reaction between the sea shells and dilute
hydrochloric acid.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
d) Explain why the litmus solution turned red.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]

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8. Figure 8 shows the conversion of calcium compounds, starting with marble chips.

Figure 8
a) i) state all the elements in marble chips.
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_
[1 mark]
b) Write an equation in words for the reaction which occurs when the marble chips are
strongly heated.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
c) State the common names and chemical names for A, B and C.

Compound Common name Chemical name

A
B
C
[3 marks]

d) Explain why C becomes chalky when carbon dioxide is passed through it?

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]

9. Figure 9 shows an experiment to study the reaction between aluminium and sulphur.

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 Figure 9

a) i) What can be observed during the reaction?

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
ii) Write an equation in words for the reaction between aluminium and sulphur.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
b) The experiment is repeated using iron powder.
i) Name the product formed between iron and sulphur.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
ii) Write an equation in words for the reaction between iron and sulphur.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]

c) Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides.

i) Draw a set-up of the apparatus to show the reaction between copper powder and
oxygen.

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 [2 marks]

ii) Explain why some metals such as gold and silver do not react with oxygen.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]

10. A crude oil sample was separated into four fractions. These were collected at the
temperature ranges shown below.

Fractions Temperature ranges (oC)

M 45 – 70
N 70 – 115
O 115 – 200
P 200 - 380

a) i) Name the process by which these four fractions were obtained.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
ii) How are these fractions separated?

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[1 mark]

b) Which fraction would you expect to be petrol?

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[1 mark]
c) Which fraction has the largest particles?

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
d) Which fraction is the most viscous?

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
e) How the following properties change from M to P?

1. colour of fractions : __________________________________________________

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 2. soot produced during burning: _________________________________________

[2 marks]

11. Figure 10 shows the fractional distillation of petroleum.

a) Label the name of petroleum fraction in the boxes provided.

Figure 10

[4 marks]
b) The table below shows the characteristics of the fractions of petroleum. What
conclusion can be drawn from the results given?

Temperature range oC 50 – 100 100 – 150 150 – 200 200 - 250

Colour Colourless Yellow Dark yellow Brownish
Viscosity Not viscous Less viscous Viscous Very viscous
Soot produced A little A little A lot A lot

The higher the boiling point of the fraction,

i) _____________________________________________________________________

ii) _____________________________________________________________________

iii) _____________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
c) What is the use of fraction D?

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]

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12. Figure 11 shows an experiment to study the reaction between sulphur and metals.

Figure 11

a) (i) What can you observe happening to the mixture during the reaction?

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii) Give one reason for the observation in (a) (i).

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
b) Write the word equation for the reaction.

+ 

[1 mark]
c) The iron filings in the experiment is then replaced with aluminium powder.
(i) Write the word equation for the reaction.

+ 

[1 mark]
(ii) Arrange aluminium and iron in the order of increasing reactivity towards
sulphur.

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__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
d) State a safety precaution that must be taken during the experiment.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

13. Figure 12 shows an experiment to study the reaction between metal and oxygen.

Figure 12

a) (i) Complete the table below to show the observation for each metal in the experiment.

Metal Observation
Zinc
Copper

[2 marks]
(ii) Give one reason for the observation in (a)(i)

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
b) Write the word equation for each reaction.

i) zinc : ____________________________________________________________
ii) copper : ___________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
c) Between zinc and copper, which metal is more reactive towards oxygen?.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
d) If magnesium burns with a bright white flame in oxygen, arrange magnesium, zinc and
copper according to how fast they react, starting with the slowest.

__________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

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14. The apparatus is set as shown in figure 14.

Figure 14

a)(i) What is the colour of the substance produced after the mixture is heated strongly?
_______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii) Can the mixture be separated with a bar magnet after strong heating? Explain.
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[2 marks]
(iii) write the word equation for this reaction.
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_
[1 mark]
(iv) Name the mineral formed in this experiment.
_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]

15. Figure 15 shows the set-up of an experiment.

Figure 15

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a) Based on figure 15, state three forms of calcium carbonate that can be obtained from
animals.
(i)______________________________
(ii)______________________________
(iii)______________________________
[3 marks]
(b) Identify gas X.
_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
(c) Predict the changes after 15 minutes.
_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
(d) Based on your answer in (c), write equation in words for the reaction of calcium
carbonate.

[1 mark]

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16. Figure 16 shows the fractional distillation of petroleum.

Figure 16

a) Name the petroleum fractions in;

i. L:_______________________________________
ii. M:______________________________________
iii. N:______________________________________
iv. O:______________________________________ [4 marks]

b) Which of the distillate in figure 4 is more difficult to burn and produce greater amount
of soot?
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c) What is the use of:
i. L:____________________________________________
ii. M:___________________________________________
iii. N:____________________________________________
iv. O:____________________________________________
[4 marks]

17. Figure 17 shows an experiment to study the reaction between iron filings and oxygen.

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 Figure 17
a) What is the hypothesis of this experiment?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
b) What is the purpose of heating the potassium permanganate?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
c) In this activity, which material should be heated first?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
d) What is the purpose of using glass wool in this experiment?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
e) (i) What happen to the iron filings during the reaction?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii) Give one reason for the observation in (e)(i)

_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f) Write the word equation for the reaction in (e)(i).
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(g) The iron filing in the experiment is then replaced with magnesium, aluminium and
zinc. Write the word equation for these reactions.
Magnesium: _____________________________________________________________

Aluminium:______________________________________________________________

Zinc: __________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

18. Figure 18 shows the effect of heat on cockle shells.

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 Figure 18

a) i) What changes can be seen in the lime water after a few minutes?

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_
[1 mark]
ii) What reacts with lime water to cause the change in (a) (i)?

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
b) Cockle shells contain calcium carbonate.

i) State three elements contained in cockle shells.

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_
[2 marks]
ii) Write an equation in words to show the effect of heat on cockle shells.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
c) Give one example of a natural substance that can replace cockle shells in this
experiment.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
d) Water is dripped onto a heated cockle shell. The solution produced is tested with red
litmus paper.

i) What is the change that can be seen on the red litmus paper?

_______________________________________________________________________
_

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 [1 mark]
ii) Tick (√) the possible pH value of the solution produced in (d).

pH value below 7
pH value 7
pH value above 7

[1 mark]

19. Figure 19 shows an experiment to study the reaction of magnesium with oxygen.

Figure 19

a) i) What can be seen in the reaction above?

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
ii) Give a reason for the observation in (a) (i).

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
b) Write an equation in words for the reaction above.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
c) Predict what will happen if the magnesium is replaced with a lump of zinc.

_______________________________________________________________________
_
[1 mark]
d) Give a reason for the observation in (c)

_______________________________________________________________________
_

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 [1 mark]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

LAND AND ITS RESOURCES

PAPER 2 ANSWERS

No. Answers Marks

1 a ) i) burns very brightly 1
ii) iron filings react with oxygen 1
b) iron + oxygen  iron oxide 1
c) copper + oxygen  copper oxide 1
d)

1
1
e) The ore is heated with charcoal in a furnace.
The iron separates from its oxide.

2 a) to study the reaction between metals and oxygen 1

b) potassium permanganate and glass wool 1+1
c) i) type of metal used 1
ii) rate of reaction 1
d) aluminium, iron, copper 2
e) i) aluminium oxide 1
ii) iron oxide 1
iii) copper oxide 1

3 a) calcium carbonate 1
b) calcium carbonate  calcium oxide + carbon dioxide 1
c) quicklime 1
d) slaked lime / lime water / calcium hydroxide 1
e) calcium oxide + water  calcium hydroxide 1
f) heat is released 1
g) i) carbon dioxide 1
ii) lime water turns cloudy/ milky/ chalky 1

4 a) to supply oxygen 1
b) zinc oxide 1
c) i) copper + oxygen  copper oxide 1
ii) magnesium + oxygen  magnesium oxide 1
d) magnesium, zinc, copper 2

5. a) lead sulphide 1
b) lead + sulphur  lead sulphide 1
c) galena 1

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 d)
Metal React with sulphur
Copper √ 4
Iron √
Silver X
Aluminium √

6 a) Turns cloudy / milky/ chalky 1

b) Carbon dioxide 1
c) Bicarbonate indicator 1
d) Calcium carbonate  calcium oxide + carbon dioxide 1
e) i) insoluble in water 1
ii) reacts with acid 1

7 a) calcium, carbon, oxygen 3

b) carbon dioxide 1
c) calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid  calcium chloride + 1
water + carbon dioxide
d) carbon dioxide is acidic in water 1

8 a) calcium, carbon, oxygen 1

b) calcium carbonate  calcium oxide + carbon dioxide 1
c)
Compound Common name Chemical name
A Quick lime Calcium oxide
B Slaked lime Calcium hydroxide 3
C Lime water Calcium hydroxide
d) because of the formation of calcium carbonate 1
9 a) i) aluminium burns very brightly 1
ii) aluminium + sulphur  aluminium sulphide 1
b) i) iron sulphide 1
ii) iron + sulphur  iron sulphide 1
c) i)
Copper powder

1
ii) gold is not reactive, and exists as an element

10 a) i) fractional distillation 1
ii) they all have different boiling points 1
b) M (boiling point is between 45 – 70oC 1
c) P 1
d) P 1
e) 1. colour changes from colourless to dark brown 1
2. from very little soot to a lot of soot 1

11. a) A – petroleum gas, B – diesel, 4

C – lubricating oil, D – bitumen
b) the higher the boiling point,
i) the darker the colour of the fractions 1
ii) the viscosity increases 1

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 iii) the soot produced increases 1
a) D – to seal road surfaces 1

12. a)(i) The mixture glows brightly. 1

ii) Iron reacts with sulphur. 1
b) Iron + Sulphur  Iron sulphide 1
c) i) Aluminium + Sulphur  Aluminium sulphide 1
ii) Iron, aluminium 1
d) Heat the mixture of metal and sulphur in a fume 1
chamber. OR
Use only a small amount of metal.

13 a) i)
Metal Observation
Zinc Burns with a bright flame 1
Copper Glows brightly 1

ii) zinc and copper react with oxygen 1

b) zinc + oxygen  zinc oxide 1
copper + oxygen  copper oxide 1
c) zinc 1
d) magnesium, zinc, copper 1
14 a) i) black colour 1
ii) no, because a new substance is formed on heating/ iron 1
loses its magnetic properties 1
iii) iron + sulphur  iron sulphide 1
iv) iron sulphide 1

15 a) sea shells / egg shells / cockle shells 3

b) carbon dioxide 1
c) calcium carbonate becomes a powder 1
d) calcium carbonate  calcium oxide + carbon dioxide 1

16 a) L – petroleum gas, M – petrol, 4

N – kerosene, O – diesel
b) fraction O / diesel 1
c) L – fuel for cooking/ making plastic
M - fuel for cars and airplanes 4
N - fuel for jets, rockets, lamps
O - fuel for diesel engines/ lorries, buses

17 a) metals can react with oxygen to produce metal oxides 1

b) to supply oxygen 1
c) iron filings 1
d) to separate the iron filings from the potassium permanganate 1
e) i) produces iron filings
ii) iron reacts with oxygen when heated 1
f) iron + oxygen  iron oxide 1
g) magnesium + oxygen  magnesium oxide 1
aluminium + oxygen  aluminium oxide 1
zinc + oxygen  zinc oxide 1
1
18 a) i) lime water turns chalky / milky/ chalky 1
ii) carbon dioxide is given off during heating 1
b) i) calcium, carbon, oxygen 1
ii) calcium carbonate  calcium oxide + carbon dioxide 1
c) sea shells / egg shells / coral
d) i) red litmus paper turns blue 1

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 ii) pH value above 7 1
1
19 a) i) magnesium burns with a very bright white flame 1
ii) magnesium reacts with oxygen 1
b) magnesium + oxygen  magnesium oxide 1
c) zinc burns more slowly than magnesium 1
d) zinc reacts with oxygen but it is less reactive than magnesium 1

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