Std.

: 12th

Std. : 12th

POEM : 1 - KARMA

ENGLISH

- Geetanjali

Q.1 What does the poet say about God ?

Ans. The poet says that God is kind, just and fair. It is wrong to blame God for our
unhappiness. God is not responsible for our happiness or unhappiness. The poet
further says that God is not responsible for giving us heaven or hell. In fact, it
is out of God's control to pardon our misdeeds.
Q.2 Who decides man's destiny ? How ?
Ans. Man's 'Karma' (past deeds) decide his destiny. If he performs noble deeds, he
will get happiness in present life. If he performs bad deeds, he will suffer in the
present life. Good deeds are rewarded with happiness - a heaven on the earth.
Misdeeds are punished with unhappiness - hell in life. Thus, man's 'Karma'
decides his destiny by giving him happiness or unhappiness in his life.
Q.3 What advice does the poet give at the end of the poem 'Karma' ?
Ans. The poet advices man to perform noble deeds in life. Man's happiness or
unhappiness in his present life is the result of his good or bad deeds in the past.
God is not responsible for sending man to heaven or hell. The poet advises us to
do good, to say good and be kind to all. The end of the poem justifies the
following proverbs by giving us golden advice :

As you sow,, so shall you reap

One who tries to harm others, harms himself.

He, who digs a well, falls into it.

Q.4 What does the poet mean by 'Karma' ?
Ans. By 'Karma' the poet means 'past deeds'. It is wrong to blame God if something
goes wrong in our life. God is always kind, just and fair to all. It is a fact that
our past deeds decide our destiny. Our good deeds give us happiness. Our bad
deeds give us suffering in our present life. Happiness leads man to heaven on
the earth and unhappiness leads him to hell on the earth.
Q.5 Why does the poet say that 'God is not unjust' ?
Ans. Generally we blame God if something goes wrong with our life. According to
the poet, God is not responsible for our sorrow or suffering. It is man's 'Karma'
(past deeds) that decides his destiny. If he has done bad deeds in the past, he
will suffer in the present. In fact, it is out of God's control to save man from
suffering for his misdeeds. So, the poet says that it is wrong to say that 'God is
unjust or unkind'.
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LESSON : 2 - PLAYING THE GAME

Q.1 What gift did Alan's father promise him if they won the match ?
Ans. Alan was a promising cricketer. He was a very good bowler of his team. His
father had given him full bowling practice for weeks. His father was very
confident that Alan's team would win the match. He promised Alan to buy him a
new bicycle if his team won.
Q.2 Why was Alan late for the cricket match ?
Ans.
Q.3 Who finally helped the old man reach his home ?
Ans. The old man stumbled and fell down after walking a short distance. He requested
Alan not to leave him in his helpless condition. Though Alan was getting very
late, he stayed with the old man. While he was anxiously looking for somebody
to pass through that road, a jolly-looking policeman arrived. Alan explained to
him what had happened. The policeman understood Alans situation. He took up
old mans responsibility and helped him reach his home.
Q.4 What happened when Alan. reached 'the play-ground ?
Ans. The match had started before Alan reached the play-ground. Alan's teacher was
waiting for him eagerly. As soon as he saw Alan, he made some bitter remarks.
He told Alan that he was of no use if he could not reach the play-ground in time.
He informed Alan that he was replaced by young Harold Banks and he was
bowling very well. Alan got disapprinted and returned hs home.
Q.5 What happened when Alan reached home ?
OR
Why was Alan rewarded with a new bicycle by his father at home ?
Ans. Alan had to miss the cricket match as he could not reach the sports-ground in
time. He had helped a weak and old man on his way. Though Alan did not play the
cricket match on the pitch of sports ground, he had played an important game
on the pitch of life. Alan's father came to know about Alan's noble act from
the policeman. Alan had played a nobler game on the pitch of life. Moreover,
he had played it in a true spirit. Alan's father was proud of his son. So, he gave
him a beautiful bicycle for winning a match on the pitch of life.
Q.6 Write a short note on : Alan - an ideal young boy (Lesson : 2)
Alan was a young school boy. He was also a good cricketer. He was selected in
the school eleven. He was to participate in a cricket match. While he was going
to the sport ground, the saw an old man. The old man was not able to walk even
with a stick. He requested Alan to help him reach home. Alan was a noble and
kind-hearted boy. So, he could not refuse. He knew that he might miss the match
if he got late. Still he attended the old man luckily, a jolly-looking policeman
arrived there. He took up the responsibility of taking the old man to his home.
Before Alan reached the sports ground, the match had already started. He became
very sad. His teacher informed him that he was replaced by young Harold Banks
who was bowling. well. He further said that he was of no use if he could not
reach the ground on time. Hardly had he reached his house, his father
complimented him. He said that Alan had played a match on the pitch of life
instead of the pitch of sports ground. He was happy that Alan had won the match
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Q.7

of life. He had played a nobler game in a true spirit. His classmates also gave
him three loud cheers for his noble act of service.
Indeed, Alan was an ideal boy.
Write a short note on : Alans father - A model parent (Lesson : 2)
Alan's father took great interest in shaping Alan's career as a cricketer. He always
boosted up his spirit. He encouraged Alan in his every activity. He trained Alan
to be a good bowler. Alan was shaping well under his father's guidance. His father
promised him to give a new bicycle if his team won the match. It was his
misfortune that he could not play in the match as he helped an old man. Before
Alan reached the sports ground, the match had already started. He was replaced
by a young bowler Harold Banks. Alan returned home with disappointment. To
his surprise, his father greeted him and patted him on his back. He told Alan that
he knew everything from the jolly-looking policeman. Alan could not play on
the pitch of sports ground, but he played well on the pitch of life. He told Alan
that his mother and he were very proud of him. He also gave him a beautiful
bicycle for playing a nobler game in a true spirit.
Indeed, Alan's father was a model parent.

LESSON : 3 - A SECRET FOR TWO

Q.1 Which pair is referred to as a splendid combination ? Why ?
Ans. The pair of Pierre Dupin and his horse Joseph is referred to as a 'splendid
combination.' There was a perfect tuning between them. They understood each
other very well. Pierre never needed to touch the reins of his horse to direct
the wagon. Joseph stopped from house to house and allowed Pierre to get down
and deliver the bottles of milk. Neither Pierre nor Joseph made any mistake in
their work. So, their pair is referred to as a splendid combination.
Q.2 Who named the white horse as Joseph ? Why ?
Ans. Pierre Dupin, the wagon driver named the white horse Joseph. The milk
company, for which, Pierre was working gave him a white horse. Pierre stroked
the horse's neck and looked into its eyes. He found the horse to be kind and
gentle. So, he named the horse Joseph after Saint Joseph who was also very
kind and gentle.
Q.3 How did the manager of the milk company appreciate Pierre's services ?
Ans. The manager of the milk company was very pleased with Pierre's services. Pierre
had been delivering milk for 30 years on one route. There had been no complaint
against him even once. Jacques, the foreman, suggested to the manager that
Pierre should be retired and given a small pension. The manager agreed with
him. He assured Jacques that Pierre's salary would remain the same even after
his retirement. Thus, the manager appreciated Pierre's loyal services by offering
him full salary as pension.
Q.4 What suggestion did Jacques make to Pierre when Joseph passed away (died)?
Ans. One morning Joseph could not get up. Jacques noticed that Joseph had died. He
knew that the news of Joseph's death would break down Pierre. He tried his best
to console Pierre. He patted him on his shoulder. He further suggested that
they would find another horse as gentle as Joseph. He also consoled him that it
would take just a month for Pierre to train the new horse.
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Q.5 Describe Pierre's grief over the death of Joseph.

Ans. The news of Joseph's death came as a great shock for Pierre. He was so shocked
that he lost interest in life. Jacques saw a dead and lifeless look in Pierre's
eyes. His eyes were reflecting the grief in his heart and soul. In fact, his heart
and soul had died. Tears were streaming down his cheeks. He was sobbing like a
child. It became unbearable for him to live without Joseph.
Q.6 How did Pierre meet his death ?
Ans. Pierre loved his horse Joseph very much. When he heard about Joseph's death,
his heart, mind and soul stopped working. He started limping down the street.
He could not hear the bullying horns of the truck or the screech of the wheels.
He was run over by the truck and lost his life. The ambulance doctor checked
Pierre and told that he had been blind for the past five years.
Q.7 What did the doctor say about Pierre's eye-sight ?
Ans. Pierre was much shocked to hear about Joseph's death. Joseph was his dearest
horse. While limping down the street, he could not hear the bullying horns of
the truck or the screech of its brakes. The truck ran over him and he died. The
truck driver reported that Pierre walked right into his truck as if he were blind.
The ambulance doctor examined his eyes. He told that Pierre had cataracts and
he had been blind for the past five years.
Q.8 What did Pierre boast about Joseph ?
OR
How can you say that Pierre was proud of his horse Joseph ?
Ans. Pierre was very proud of his horse Joseph. He never missed a chance to boast
about his horse. He said that Joseph did not need his directions to reach Prince
Edward Street. He proudly said that he never needed to use reins for Joseph. He
said that Joseph was not only gentle, but also intelligent. Because of Joseph, he
could deliver a bottle of milk at each house within 30 seconds. Pierre boasted
that even a blind man could do his job if Joseph was pulling the wagon.
Thus we can say that Pierre was proud of his horse Joseph.
Q.9 Write a short note on : Pierre and Joseph as closest friends OR
Intimacy between them .
Joseph was Pierre's beloved horse. Pierre was proud of it because it was as kind
and gentle as Saint Joseph. He used it to deliver milk in Prince Edward Street
every morning. He never needed to touch the reins of his horse. Pierre would
say lovingly 'Go on my friend' and Joseph would take the wagon to the houses
of his customers. They were often found talking to each other and making fun
of passers by. Though Pierre got old, he did not like to retire. He could not bear
to be away from Joseph even for a day. When Jacques informed him about
Joseph's death, he became absent - minded. While he was crossing the road, a
speeding truck ran over him. He was so much shocked that he could not hear the
bullying or screects of the wheels. The ambulance doctor declared Pierre to be
dead. He further said that he had been blind for the last 5 years. The secret of
his blindness was known only to his dearest friend Joseph.
How intimate they were !
Q.10 Write a short note on : The Tragic End of Pierre (Lesson : 3)
When Jacques, the foreman of the stables told Pierre about Joseph's death, Pierre
became absent-minded. His heart, soul and mind became lifeless. Jacaques tried
to console and comfort him, but it did not work at all. Pierre started limping
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down the street. He was so shocked that he became unaware of the world around
him. Tears were streaming down his cheeks. He was sobbing like a child. He
was so shocked that he could not hear the bullying horns of a truck or the
screeching of brakes. He was run over by the truck. The ambulance doctor
declared him dead. Then he looked into Pierre's eyes. He said that Pierre had
cataracts in his eyes. He had been blind for the past five years !!
Joseph and Pierre left this world on the same day. Pierre's tragic death proved
the affinilty (attachment) between them.
Q.11 Write a short note on : The Title 'A Secret for Two'
Pierre was a wagon driver. He had a great attachment for his horse Joseph. There
was a splendid combination between the two. Though Pierre got old, he did not
like to retire. He did not like to part with Joseph. One morning he heard about
Joseph's death. He became completely absent-minded. His mind, heart and soul
became lifeless. He was so shocked that he was not interested in Jacques' words
of consolation and comfort. He started limping down the street. He could not
hear bullying horns of the rushing truck. He could not hear the screech of the
brakes. He was run over by the truck. The ambulance doctor declared Pierre
dead. Then he looked into his eyes. He reported that Pierre had cataracts in his
eyes. He further said that Pierre been blind for the last five years I He asked
Jacques if he know about Pierre's blindness. Jacques replied that no one knew
about if. It was a secret between Pierre and his friend, Joseph. Only Joseph
knew about it.
Indeed, the title 'A Secret for Two' 'is significant, meaningful and suggestive.

LESSON : 4 - CONFESSIONS OF A BORN SPECTATOR

Q.1 Describe the poet's attitude towards the players.
Ans. The poet says that some players play quite enthusiastically. While playing they
suffer lots of physical injuries. Sometimes they are very serious to show their
heroism. They risk even their lives. The poet says that their efforts are really
admirable. The poet would like to buy expensive tickets to watch the athletes or
sportsmen play on the field. It is sure that he would never like to be a sportsman.
Instead of being a player, he would like to be only a spectator.
Q.2 What are the advantages of being a player ? What keeps the poet away from
being a sportsman ?
Ans. According to the poet, there are many advantages of being a player. A good player
enjoys playing. He can earn good money. He gets a chance to perform heroic
deeds. When the spectators watch a good sportsman in action, they would like
to take up his position. The poet does not hope to enjoy these advantages. He
thinks that his physique is so weak that he cannot bear any injury. His tender
body does not allow him to be a sportsman.
Q.3 What is the poet ready to do with the players ? What would he not like to do ?
Ans. The poet is interested in games and sports very much. Often he has a strong
feeling to exchange his position with that of a good player. He is ready to drink
to the honour of winners in different games. He is ready to eat and share joy
with them, He is ready to buy tickets of any price to watch them play. He would
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not like to play and to compete with the players, In fact, his weak and delicate
physique does not allow him to be a player.
Q.4 Why does the poet call himself 'A Born Spectator' ?
Ans. The poet is much interested in watching sports and games. He is not interested
in playing games. He is physically weak. His body is so weak and tender that it
cannot bear injuries. His prudence does not allow him to invite serious physical
injuries by playing any game. Instead of taking part in sports and games, he would
like to be a spectator. He calls himself a born spectator because he would not
take part in any game now or even in future.
Q.5 What does the poet mean by the words 'prudence wins' ?
Ans. By the words 'prudence wins', the poet means that the person who is aware of
his limitations and acts wisely, will never invite trouble in his life. The poet's
ego prompts him to take active part in sports and games. His wisdom (prudence)
reminds him of his physical limitations. His physique is too weak to bear any
injury. He finally decides not to be a player, but to be a spectator. Thus, his
prudence (wisdom) wins over his ego.
Q.6 How have players to run great risks while playing ?
OR
What type of injuries do players get while playing ?
Ans. While playing different games and sports, players often suffer serious physical
injuries. In a boxing match, one boxer knocks down the other to the floor. In
horse racing, the jockey may injure his vertebrae and spine. The player gets his
eye swollen when he meets with a twisted fist of his opponent. The opponent
snaps his knee and cracks his wrist.
Thus while playing, the players are seriously injured. There is a risk of losing
life, too.

LESSON : 5 - UNCLE KEN ON THE JOB

Q.1 Who insisted on Uncle Ken's taking up a job ? Why ?
Ans. Granny insisted on Uncle Ken's taking up a job. She wanted him to stand on his
own feet without depending on his loving sisters. She also feared that Uncle
Ken's happy -go- lucky life-style did not have much prospects. She thought that
things would change for the worst in the following years. She firmly believed
that it was not proper for a young man to spend his years in idleness or laziness.
Q.2 Why does the narrator say that Uncle Ken has been very lucky ?
Ans. Uncle Ken has been 40 years old. Surprisingly, that he has not found a job yet.
Very often, he goes and lives with his sisters Mabel and Beryl at their homes.
He has also too many doting sisters who put him up and tolerate him. Uncle Ken
spends 3 months with Emily, 3 months with Granny. Thus, without worrying, he
spends the whole year. In fact, he gets through the year as a guest. So, the narrator
says that Uncle Ken has been very lucky.
Q.3 Who interviewed Uncle Ken ? Why was he offered the job ?
Ans. The Maharaja of Gulshan took the interview of Uncle Ken. The Maharaja asked
him if Uncle Ken played tennis. Uncle Ken replied positively. Then the Maharaja
asked him if he was at Cambridge. Uncle Ken replied that he was at Oxford.
Maharaja was very much impressed to know that he was from Oxford and could
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Q.4
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Q.9

play tennis. He thought that Uncle Ken could be just the right tutor for his
children. He offered the job to Uncle Ken, because he had studied at Oxford
University.
How did Rusty help Uncle Ken ?
Uncle Ken was a person just good for nothing. Luckily, he got a job of a tutor.
Though he knew nothing, he was able to get along with his pupils. Once he was
teaching Arithmetic to both the children. Uncle Ken patted both the children
though their answers to the sum were different. When he asked Rusty about the
correct answer, Rusty told him that both the answers were wrong. Uncle Ken
spent most of his time at the tennis court or somewhere else. Rusty took up the
work of teaching and looking after both the children. Thus, Rusty helped Uncle
Ken not only in teaching but also in taking their care.
Why did the Maharaja enjoy playing tennis with Uncle Ken ?
The Maharaja himself was a poor tennis-player. He was very delighted to meet
Uncle Ken, who was even a worse. Instead of keeping Uncle Ken as his doubles
partners, the Maharaja played with him as a single opponent (rival). Uncle Ken
kept on losing the game against the Maharaja every time. His defeat gave a great
pleasure to the Maharaja. Uncle Ken became his favourite, because he was the
only one the Maharaja could deteat in tennis.
Why did Uncle Ken lose his job ?
The Maharaja enjoyed playing tennis with Uncle Ken. Uncle Ken's job was
safe till he lost on the tennis court with the Maharaja. He also played with
the Maharaja's secretaries and guests. Gradually his game improved. Once
he won a match against the Maharaja. This made Maharaja angry. Unle Ken
soon apologized to the Maharaja. He said that it was by fluke. The Maharaja
forgave him. After a week, he again defeated the Maharaja. The next day the
Maharaja told him that they would not require his services. So, Uncle Ken
lost his job.
How did Granny react when Uncle Ken lost his job ?
One day Uncle Ken returned home after losing his job. When Granny asked him
about his job, he carelessly replied that the Maharaja did not need his services
any more. Granny was unhappy but not upset. She asked Uncle Ken not to worry
at all. She offered him tea. She was sure that his job would not last long. She
reacted happily because Uncle Ken's job had lasted for 2 months longer than
most of his previous jobs !
What was strange about the Maharaja ?
The Maharaja was more interested in playing tennis. He seemed to be busy with
nothing. He was poor at tennis, so he was in search of such a tennis player as
would lose against him. He was very delighted when he defeated Uncle Ken in
every match. He did not seem to be wise or smart. He was proud of his position.
When Uncle Ken defeated him twice in the game, he got furious (angry). He
dismissed Uncle Ken from his job.
Write a short note on : Uncle Ken as a Tutor
Uncle Ken was jobless even at the age of 40. He was good-for-nothing. Fortune
smiled upon him and he got a job of a tutor at the palace of Maharaja of Gulshan.
He had to teach the Maharaja's two children. He had to teach them reading,

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writing and Arithmetic. In fact, Uncle Ken himself knew nothing. He was not
good at subtraction. He patted both the children even if their answers were
different for the same sum. He hardly knew the correct answer. Then he would
ask Rusty what the correct answer was. Rusty would say that both the answers
were incorrect. Very often he kept on playing the game of noughts and crosses
with his pupils. He was clever enough to manage to pass time. His tutorship was
safe until he would lose the game of tennis against the Maharaja as his opponent
in singles. When he defeated the Maharaja twice in the game, his job as a tutor
ended.
Poor Uncle Ken !
Q.10 Write a short note on : Granny's Worry (concern) for Uncle Ken
Granny is much worried about Uncle Ken because he is jobless at the age of
forty. His carefree life-style shocks her. He does not worry about finding a job.
He gets through the year as the guest of his doting sisters. They are likely to
leave India to settle in England or New Zealand. Only Granny will be left behind.
Uncle Ken will stay with her for ever. Granny is ready to take up his
responsibility as long as she is alive. She is much worried about the future of
Uncle Ken. She also thinks what will happen to him after her death. She keeps
on asking several persons to find a job for Uncle Ken. Fortune smiles upon
Uncle Ken and he gets a job of a tutor. He has to teach reading, writing and
Arithmetic to two children of Maharaja of Gulshan. When Uncle Ken tells Granny
that he has told a Ile to the Maharaja about his studying at Oxford. She is worried
that Uncle Ken will lose his Job if the Ile is found out. Fortune frowns upon
Uncle Ken and he loses his job. Granny does not react harshly at that time. She
has one satisfaction. Uncle Ken's tutorship has lasted longer than his previous
Ones-two months
Indeed, Granny is kind, loving and sensible.

LESSON : 6 - HONESTY COMES FROM THE HEART

Q.1 Why does the writer have fascination for rank holders ?
Ans. The writer firmly believes that rank is not just an index of a persons intelligence.
It also indicates the hard work and perserverance. It is the sign of the students
will-power to reach their goal. The writer's experience as a teacher made her
believe so.
Q.2 What did the writer learn about the boy from the interview report of
Hanumanthappa ?
Ans. The writer learnt from the interview report of Hanumanthappa that he was the
son of a coolie. He was not able to study further because he lived in a remote
village. His father earned only 40 rupees a day. Hanumanthappa was the oldest
of five children. His father was the only bread winner. They belonged to a tribal
group. His father's financial position was not so good that he could take expensive
higher education.
Q.3 'It was different for Hanumanthappa of Rampura.' what does this statement mean ?
Ans. Generally parents send their children to tuition or coaching classes. They buy
reference books and guides for them. They provide the best possible facilities
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without considering the cost. Such facilities were never possible for
Hanumanthappa because he lived in a remote village. His father was a coolie
who could not afford to provide him with such facilities in the village Rampura.
His father's limited income did not allow him such facilities.
Describe the appearance of the boy, when he visited the writer in Bangalore.
As soon as the boy stood before the writer at her office, he looked terribly
frightened. The writer thought that probably it was the boy's first trip to
Bangalore. He looked humble. He wore a clean shirt and trousers. He had combed
his hair neatly. The writer saw the same sparkle in the boy's eyes as she had seen
in his photograph in the newspaper.
'The boy, however, seemed to know his mind.' what does the expression
convey ?
The boy went to the writer's office at Bangalore at her call. The writer and her
senior colleagues asked him few questions to understand his mind. They made
it clear that they would sponsor him for any expensive course of higher studies.
The boy softly told them that he would study at the Teachers' Training College
at Bellary, which was nearest to his village. The writer tried to tempt him for
another bright career course, but the boy knew exactly what he wanted to do. He
did not want to fly above the skies, but he wanted to keep his feet on the land.
The writer says, "I was taken aback." What made the writer feel so ?
The writer sent Hanumanthappa Rs.1800/- towards the expenses of his second
term. The writer was greatly surprised to find currency notes of Rs.300/- in the
envelope with the acknowledgment letter. The boy had made it clear in his letter
that he had not been in Bellary for two months. He had been at home. He thought
it unfair to keep the money he had not really spent. The writer was taken aback
because the boy had returned Rs.300/- back though, he needed it badly. In fact,
the boy's honesty had surprised her.
What are the writer's views on honesty ?
The writer thinks that honesty is not the mark of any particular class. It is not
related to education or wealth. Honesty cannot be taught at any University.
According to the writer, it springs naturally from the heart.
Write a short note on : Hanumanthappas honesty.
Hanumanthappa was a poor tribal boy. He had secured 8th rank in the SSLC
examination. He was not able to study further because of his poor financial
conditon. The writer offered him financial help for his further studies. According
to his estimate, he needed Rs.1800/- for the first six months. He would need
Rs.1800/- again for the next six months. The writer sent him Rs.1800/-.
Hanumanthappas college had holidays for one month. There was a strike for
one month in his college. So, he spent 2 months at home in his village. He sent
Rs.300/- back to the writer. If fact, the writer didnt expect the boy to give any
account. But the boy thought that it was not fair to keep the money, which he
had actually not spent.
What an honest and sensible boy Hanumanthappa was ! His honesty proved that
honesty is not the mark of any particlar class. It is not related to education or
wealth. It cannot be taught at a University. In fact, it springs naturally from the
heart.

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Q.9 The Writers help to Hanumanthappa

Ans. The writer was in search of talented, she was looking for bright and promising
students. Once she was reading the list of rank holders of SSLC with their
photographs in a Kannada newspaper. She read the interview of a tribal boy
Hanumanthappa. He had secured 8th rank in the SSLC examination. He was a
coolie's son. He was not able to study further because of his poor financial
condition. The author called him to
Bangalore to know about his views on his
further studies. During the interview the boy firmly said that he would like to
take up Teacher's Training Course. He further said that he would like to study at
the nearest town Bellary. The author asked him about his expected monthly
expenditure. The boy said that he would need Rs.300/- per month including the
charges of the hostel accommodation. The author sent him Rs.1800/- for the
first six months. She also sent Rs.1800/- for the next term. Thus, the writer
took up the entire responsibility to encourage the poor boy for his higher studies.
What a noble and kind hearted person Sudha Marthy is !

LESSON : 7 - HATE
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- James Stephen

How did the poet react when he was face to face with his enemy ? Which
words did the poet use for his enemy ?
When the poet was face to face with his enemy, he stared sharply at his face.
His lips started writhing back in a grimace. He started watching his enemy sternly
with a narrowed eye. The poet used the words 'bitter heart' and 'savage' for his
enemy.
What does the poet want to convey by the words 'When all the arrows that
we have are cast' ?
People have a great hatred for their enemies. They always make plans of causing
harm to their enemies. Often their bitter hatred may lead them to go to any
extent. They even cause physical injuries to their enemies. Their hatred does
not end. So the poet says it is like shooting away arrows one by one from the
bow. 'When all the arrows that we have are cast' means till all the efforts to
cause harm have been attempted.
What brought about a change in the poet's attitude towards his enemy ?
The poet's enemy spoke to him and asked two questions. What would happen in
future when all the grudges would be forgotten ? and Why did they hate each
other ? The poet's enemy was sure that neither of them would be able to find an
answer they would not also know about the root cause for their hatred He wanted
a reply from the poet. The poet felt very much ashamed that he continued to
hate his enemy.
What does the poet admit to himself in the end ?
The sweet speech of the enemy brings about a positive change in the poet's
thoughts. He wanted to turn away from his enemy because he hated him very
much. After hearing his enemy's speech, he realises that it is wrong to that him.
He fears that he may rather kiss him as he would kiss a girl if he stays there any
longer. At the end the poet shows that he does not hate his enemy any more.

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Q.5

'And fall to find a story to relate' - explain with the reference to the speech
made by the enemy.
Ans. The enemy conveys a clear-cut message that it is useless to keep on hating
someone. It is wrong to treat someone as an enemy forever. He further admits
that he will fail to find the reason of his hatred when the grievances are forgotten.
It will become difficult to find the starting point of their enmity. His words
show that hatred is useless and endless hatred is just a folly.
Q.6 Why does the poet flee when he happens to meet his enemy ?
Ans. The poet cannot stand (bear) his enemy. As soon as he sees his enemy, he wants
to turn away. On the contrary, his enemy says that some day in future all the
grievances (grudges) will be forgotten. It will become impossible to find the
cause of hatred enmity will be useless. He stayed there to hear the response
from the poet. It brought about a positive change in the poet. He felt that if he
had stayed there any longer, he would have rather kissed his enemy as he would
kiss a young girl.

LESSON : 8 - I WAS NOT ALONE IN MY CELL

- Jawaharlal Nehru

Q.1 What does Nehru write about the courtship and love making of parrots ?
Ans. There were thousands of parrots in the Naini Jail. They lived in the crevices of
barrack walls. According to Nehru, their courtship and love-making was always
a fascinating (wonderful) sight. Sometimes two male parrots quarrelled over a
lady parrot. The lady parrot would sit calmly and wait for the result of the fight
(encounter) between the two male parrots. She would grant her favours to the
winner.
Q.2 What did Nehru realize when he grew more observant ?
Ans. When Nehru grew more observant, he noticed various manners of insects in his
cell or in the yard outside. In the beginning, he felt lonely as the yard seemed
empty and deserted. When he became more observant, he saw his cell and the
yard full of life. There were many insects and birds. Nehru found that the insects
lived in a peaceful way. They did not interfere with his life. So, he decided to
have peaceful coexistence with them.
Q.3 What does Nehru say about the brain-fever bird ?
Ans. Nehru noticed the brain-fever bird around the Dehradun Jail. It used to come
there during the monsoon, just before the rain. It would continuously sing the
same notes during day-time and at night. Nehru says that the notes of its song
remained the same in sunshine and in heavy rain. If we hear it for a long time,
we may suffer from fever of brain.
Q.4 Which unwelcomed guests does Nehru talk about in this lesson ? Why ?
Ans. According to Nehru, scorpions and snakes were unwelcomed guests. He says
that they do not bite but their very appearance is frightful, After a thunder storm,
scorpions were found almost everywhere. Often he found scorpions on his bed
or on his book. Sometimes he found three to four snakes in his cell or near
about. Nehru calls them unwelcomed guests because their appearance is
dangerous.
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Q.5 Why does Nehru say, "I was not alone in my cell" ?
Ans. Though Nehru was alone in the cell, he says, "I was not alone in my cell." He was
a great lover of nature. When he became more observant, his loneliness
disappeared. He found insects and birds. He accepted them as his companions.
He found that his cell and the little yard outside were full with life. He saw bedbugs, mosquitoes, wasps and hornets. He also saw bats, white ants, lizards and
squirrels. He liked to observe pigeons, Mynas, parrots, koels and brain-fever
bird. He did not feel alone in his cell because he enjoyed their company.
Q.6 Short note : Nehru's principle of 'Live and Let Live' in the prison.
Ans. Nehru was in Dehradun Jail for 14 and a half months. He lived in a small cell.
He never felt alone. He enjoyed the company of different insects, birds and
animals in his cell and outside the yard. He was afraid of hornets and wasps but
he tolerated them. He had continuous battle with bed-bugs and mosquitoes. He
decided to leave them in their way if they did not disturb him. He did not like
bats but he tolerated them. He watched the ants and the white ants without any
fear. He enjoyed the company of squirrels. He enjoyed courtship and lovemaking
of parrots. He endured the presence of dangerous scropions and poisonous
snakes. Nehru writes that he never had a feeling of killing them. He believed in
the principle of 'Live and Let Live'. Nehru says that if one lives with kindness,
proper understanding and tolerance, the whole world will become worth living.

LESSON : 9 - THE BABY IS FINALLY OURS

- Cedrik Mount
Q.1 Though Jack has limited income, how is he Mr. Owner and not Mr.Tenant ?
Ans. Jack has limited income. Aunt Jane thinks that the Villa Jack and Jill are living
in must be a rented one. Jack tells her that it is his own house. He explains that
it is quite uneconomic to keep on paying rent year after year. On the other hand,
he just has to pay 10 pounds and the house will be his own property. He will go
on paying quarterly instalments for the loan instead of rent. Thus, he prefers to
be Mr.Owner and not Mr.Tenant.
Q.2 Why do Jack and Jill call their house, 'Our Little Nest' ?
Ans. Jack and Jill belong to a middle class family. Jack is the only earning member.
His salary is too limited to buy a house outright. He manages to buy a small
villa by taking a loan from a finance company. This house has a small living
room, a kitchen and a sitting room. Though their house is small, they are proud
that they own a house. So, they call their house 'Our Little Nest'.
Q.3 What is aunt Jane's parting gift ? How does Jill use the amount ?
Ans. Aunt Jane visits Jack and Jill to give them a marriage gift. She gets upset when
she learns about the lifestyle of Jack and Jill. She does not like their habit of
buying things on instalments. She gives them a cheque for 10 pounds as a present.
It was her parting gift to Jack and Jill. They have to pay different instalments.
Jill prefers to pay up Doctor Martin towards the expenses of her delivery. So,
she sends the cheque to Dr.Martin with the nurse. She thinks that if she pays up
10 pounds now, there will be only one instalment to pay to Dr.Martin. She is
eager to see that the baby will be finally theirs after paying only one more
instalment.
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Q.4 What do Jack and Jill say to justify their higher purchase of a radiogram ?
Ans. Jack and Jill, a newly married young couple, are very crazy about buying things of
modern luxuries. Jack says that every family must have a radio set now-a-days. He
says that it is not a luxury but a necessity. Jill tells aunt Jane that Jack is often away
on business. The radiogram is her best companion in his absence. She says that she
can shift it to the kitchen and listen to it while she is cooking. Jack and Jill both try
to justify that the expenditure on the radiogram is a necessary investment.
Q.5 What is the motto of Aunt Jane's life ?
Ans. Aunt Jane believes in a simple and straight forward life. She has never borrowed a
penny in her life. She has bought every requirement by cash payment. She has never
thought of spending a penny more than what she has had in her purse. Her motto of life
is 'Cash Down'. She wishes that Jack and Jill must cut the cost according to its size.
Q.6 Why does Aunt Jane refuse to travel by the car owned by lack and Jill ?
Ans. Aunt Jane refuses to travel by the car owned by Jack and Jill because they have
bought the car on instalments. She believes that the car is not fully theirs. They
have paid only for a tyre and two cylinders so far. She would not like to sit in
the car purchased with borrowed money. According to her, the car does not belong
to them, but to the finance company.
Q.7 Short note : Justify the title "The Baby is finally ours."
Ans. Jack and Jill, a newly married couple, believe in buying all the modern luxuries
on instalments. Jack has already bought a villa, a radiogram, a car, a piano and a
refrigerator on instalments. His income is just 6 pounds a week. He has to pay
the instalments of 7 pounds 8 shillings and 8 pence every week. he has to take
loan from a lending agency every week. They also have to pay instalment to Dr.
Martin for Jills delivery. How absurd it is ! Aunt Jane gives them a cheque of
10 ponds as their wedding present. Jill soon sends the cheque to Dr. Martin
Jack gets angry with her. She explains to Jack that there will be one more
instalment to be paid to Dr. Martin. The baby will be finally theirs after paying
just one more instalment ! The baby would be the only thing on the earth whom
they can call theirs !!
So, the title The Baby Is Finally Ours is appropriate (significant), suggestive
and even humorous.
Q.8 Life style of jack and Jill
Ans. Jack and Jill have a limited income, yet they want to live a luxurious life with
all the modern amenities. Jacks total income is just 6 pounds a week ! He has
bought a villa, a radiogram, a piano, a refrigerator, a car and furniture - all by
loan ! He has to pay instalment of seven pounds eight shillings and eight pence.
he has to take loans for paying these instalments. Aunt Jane thinks that the
lifestyle of Jack and Jill is labsurd !

LESSON : 10 - WOODMAN, SPARE THAT TREE

- George Pope Morris
Q.1 What is the poet's request to the woodman ?
Ans. The poet requests the woodman not to cut that old oak tree. He requests him to
spare it. He requests him not to touch even a bough or cut even a single branch.
He requests him whole-heartedly to let the tree stand and not harm it with his
axe.
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Q.2

Which childhood memories come alive in the poet's mind when the
woodman is about to cut the tree ?
Ans. When the woodman is about to cut the tree, lots of memories of childhood
become alive in the poet's mind. When he was an idle boy, he used to play in the
shade of a huge tree. His sisters played and enjoyed under that tree. His mother
kissed him and his father pressed his hand under that oak tree.
Q.3 Why do you think the poet is emotionally attached to the tree ?
Ans. The poet is emotionally attached to the tree because it was planted by his
forefather. Many childhood memories are connected with it. When he was young,
he used to play in the shade of that huge tree. His sisters also played with him
and got great joy under it. His mother kissed him and his father pressed his hand
under that tree. The poet cannot help but shed a tear for it when the woodman
was about to cut it down. Thus, the poet has emotional attachment to the tree.
Q.4 Describe the oak tree in three or four sentences.
Ans. The oak tree was planted by the poet's forefather. The poet's family had a
great love for it. It was very tall, old, famous and glorious. It looked as if it
were touching the skies. The poet has much affinity (emotional attachment)
with it.

STANZA - 1
Q.1 What does the poet ask the woodman not to do ?
Ans. The poet asks the woodman not to cut the tree, not to touch even a single bough
and not to cut even a single branch of that oak tree.
Q.2 Why does the poet want to protect the tree ?
Ans. The poet wants to protect the tree because it was planted by his forefather. It
was like their family member. It was very old, huge and familiar. It was towering
to the skies. Many childhood memories of the poet were connected with it. He
wants to protect it because he is emotionally attached to it.
Q.3 What does the poet mean by 'Its Earth - Bound Ties' ?
Ans. By the words 'Its Earth - Bound Ties', the poet means 'Its roots have spread deep
down the earth.'
Q.4 Find out some expressions in the poem in which the poet asks the woodman
not to cut the tree.
Ans. 1)
Spare that tree.
2)
Let it stand.
3)
Touch not a single bough
4)
Thy axe shall harm it not.
5)
Forbear thy stroke.
6)
Cut not its earth - bound ties.

STANZA - 2
Q.1

How were the poet and his family members associated (attached) with the
oak tree ?
Ans. The oak tree was planted by the poet's forefather. When he was a boy, he and his
sisters played in the shade of that huge tree. His mother kissed him and his
father pressed his hand under that tree.
Thus, the poet and his family members were oemotionally attached with the
oak tree.
Q.2 'While I've a hand to save.' - explain this line.
Ans. 'While I've a hand to save' - means 'before I lift my hand to stop you from cutting
The Oak tree down.'
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Std. : 12th

Q.3 Why does the poet address the tree as 'Old friend' ?
Ans. The poet addresses the tree as 'old friend' because it was a very old tree and the
poet had very close attachment with it since his childhood.
Q.4. Find out the lines showing the poet's emotional attachment to the oak tree.
1)
Forgive the foolish tear.
2)
My heart-strings round thee cling.
3)
Close as thy bark, old friend !
These are the lines in the stanza showing the poet's emotional attachment to the
oak tree.

SUPPLEMENTARY READING LESSONS

1 : How to Kill by Kindness
Q.1
Ans.

Q.2
Ans.

Q.3
Ans.

Q.4

Ans.

Q.5
Ans.

What did the children reply when a kind father asked them about the best
Way to kill an enemy ?
When a kind father asked the children about the best way to kill an enemy, the
children gave different answers. One child said, "Shoot him." The second child
said, "Stab him." The third child said, "Starve him."
What did Mr. Green's neighbour reply when his oxen were stuck fast in a bog ?
When Mr.Green's oxen were stuck fast in a bog, Mr.Green requested his
neighbour for a little help. His neighbour behaved rudely. Instead of helping
Mr.Green, he replied in a very rough and rude way. He replied that he had other
business to do. he had no time to help him.
How did Mr. Green behave when his neighbour's oxen were stuck fast in a bog ?
When Mr. Green's neighbour's oxen were stuck fast in a bog, there was nobody
to help him. Mr. Green at once ran for his oxen and chains. He set off to the
bog. Mr. Green's neighbour refused to take his help, He behaved rudely with
Mr. Green. Mr. Green told his neighbour that the night was advancing. The
situation to take out the oxen from the bog would become worse. Mr. Green
helped his neighbour and pulled away the oxen from the bog. Thus Mr. Green
set the situation right.
What strange feeling, according to you, came into the mind of Mr. Green's
neighbour ?
OR
When did a turning point come in the nature of Mr. Green's neighbour ?
Mr. Green's neighbour was a very, rude and ill-natured man. He was hostile
(unfriendly) even to his neighbour, Once his oxen were stuck fast in a bog.
Though the rude neighbour refused to take Mr.Green's help, Mr.Green helped
him. Mr. Green's kindness brought a turning point in his neighbour's mind. The
neighbour had a strange feeling - something which he had never felt before. He
confessed before his wife that Mr.Green had really killed him. It means, Mr.
Green had killed him with love and kindness.
How was the enemy killed by Mr. Green at last ?
Mr.Green's neighbour was rude and ill-natured. All, who had to deal with him,
were afraid of him. Mr. Green told everyone that he would kill him. One day the
neighbour's oxen and men were stuck fast in a bog. Though the neighbour refused

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Std. : 12th

to take Mr. Green's help, Mr. Green helped him. This incident changed the
neighbour's mind. He confessed before his wife that Mr. Green had really killed
him. This killing was done not with a knife or a gun, but with love and kindness.
Q.6 'What does the story-writer say about conquering by power and conquering
by kindness ?
Ans. According to the story-writer, conquering by power is like building a dam across
a stream of water. It may stop its flow for a little while. When the dam gives
way to the stream, it will rush on with more force and fury. It will become more
dangerous than before. Conquering by power is like chaining a lion. It does not
change the lion's wild nature. When it becomes free from chain, it may cause a
greater harm. While conquering by love and kindness keeps the lion from doing
harm. It changes its wild nature and turns it into a lamb.
The story writer wants to say that we have to kill sins and not sinners.
Q.7 What message do Murdoch and Bowman want to convey through their story
'How to kill by kindless' ?
Ans. Murdoch and Bowman want to convey that there is a better way of killing an
enemy by kindness. We can kill our enemy without shooting or stabbing him.
We have to kill sins but not sinners. By the word 'killing', they want to say that
we should change the destructive nature of our enemy into constructive one. In
this story Mr. Green kills his wicked and ill natured enemy by kindness.

2 : I KEEP MY TRYST WITH EVEREST

- Bachendri Pal
Q.1

What would happen to Ang Dorjee if he climbed without oxygen ? What

would he have to do ?
Ans. Dorjee was going to climb without oxygen. If he climbed without oxygen, his
feet would get very cold. So, he would have to avoid long exposure at heights
and a night at the summit camp. He must get to the peak and come back to the
South Cot the same day. If he could not return the same day, he would have to
give up the attempt.
Q.2 Describe the climbing of Bachendri at 6:20.
Ans. Bachendri and Ang Dorjee stepped out from the South Cot at 6:20. According
to them, it was a perfect day. There was a gentle breeze but extreme cold. Both
of them climbed unroped. Ang Dorjee was moving ahead with a steady space.
Bachendri had no difficulty in keeping up with him. They had to use the ice-axe
to climb on steep frozen slopes. Bachendri had to kick hard to get the front
teech of the crampons to bite into the frozen surface. She had to take every step
very thoughtfully on the dangerous stretches. They reached the summit camp in
less than two hours.
Q.3 How did Lhatoo help the climbers ?
Ans. Lhatoo served as an assistant to the climbers. He was an expert and experienced
mountaineer. He carried their luggage and kept their equipment ready. He was
used to that kind of climbing. So, he could easily manage to catch up with the
climbers. He helped the climbers to climb with the help of the rope. He knew
how and when to increase the flow of oxygen on the regulator of the oxygen
Std. : 12th

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Std. : 12th

cylinder. Thus he proved to be a very good helping hand for the climbers in
every situation.
Q.4 Who was Bachendri Pal ? When did she feel thrilled ?
Ans. Bachendri Pal was the first Indian woman mountaineer to climb the peak of
Mount Everest. There was some tricky climbing between the South Summit and
Hillary's step. She stopped there for a while. She started thinking how to go
ahead along that vertical steep. Ang Dorjee waved his arms and gave a signal that
they were very close to the top. Bachendri was thrilled at that time because she
realized that their goal was very near. She got new vigour and reached the top of
Everest at 1:07 p.m. on May 23, 1984.

3 : PACKING
- Jerome K. Jerome
Q.1 Why was Jerome K. ready to pack for the trip ?
Ans. Jerome K. had great pride in himself on his packing skill. He thought that he
knew more about packing than any other person. He thought that it was not a
difficult task. While packing for the trip, he had a plan to boss over Harris and
George. He would like to give them certain directions every now and then. He
would push them aside saying, "Here, let me do it." So, he was ready to pack for
the trip to satisfy his ego and pride.
Q.2 What kind of behaviour by George and Harris irritated the writer ? Why ?
Ans. The writer wanted to supervise the job (work) of packing done by George and
Harris. George put on a pipe and spread himself over the easy-chair. Harris
cocked his legs on the table and lit a cigar. The writer was irritated to see them
smoking at ease without caring for the work of packing. The writer thought that
he would have to do the entire work of packing. It was useless to expect any
help from George and Harris. He was irritated when he saw them sitting and
smoking about doing nothing.
Q.3 What frightens the writer repeatedly ? How ?
Ans. When the writer is travelling, his tooth-brush frightens him repeatedly. It makes
his life miserable. He dreams that he has forgotten to pack his tooth-brush.
He wakes up in a cold perspiration. He gets out of bed and starts searching for
it. In the morning he packs it before using it. Then he unpacks it to use it. He
forgets all about packing and unpacking his tooth-brush. He rushes upstairs to
find it. Finally, he carries it to the railway station wrapped up in his pocket
handkerchief.
Q.4 Describe the writer's efforts to find his tooth-brush.
Ans. The writer's tooth-brush made him miserable during his journey. He was more
worried about it while travelling. He had always a doubt that he had not collected
it. He searched for it everywhere. He packed the things up and took out
everything again. He found tooth-brushes. of George and Harris more than
eighteen times. It was his bad luck that he was not able to find his tooth-brush.
Finally he found it in a boot and repacked it once more.

Std. : 12th

17

Std. : 12th

Std. : 12th

16

Std. : 12th

IDIOMS & PHRASES

Idioms and Phrases

Similar Meaning

Gujarati Meaning

1)

soft footed

silently, very slowly

hLvi pgl[

2)

no matter of what

irrespective of

n) prvi kyi< vgr

3)

find out

discover

Si[ F) kiQv> &

4)

overtake

catch up with

ni[ p)Ci[ kr) pkD) piDv> &

5)

take part

participate

mi> Big l[ v i[

6)

make ones destiny

make ones fortune

ns)b GDv> &

7)

see someone off

bid farewell,

ki[ e n[ (vdiy aipv)

say good bye

8)

do ones best

~[ O q S(ktY) kiy< krv> &

perform with
hightest ability

9)

shape well

make progress

p\ g(t krv)

10)

be obliged to

be grateful to

ni N) rh[ v > &

11)

stumle over

fall down

qi[ k r vigv)

12)

bite ones lip

express embarrassment

hi[ q krDvi

13)

make ones way

pass through

mi> Y ) psir Yv> &

14)

give three loud cheers

express joy by clapping #iN tiL)n>& min aip)n[

three times

ain> d ykt mrvi[

15)

fond of

have a liking for

ni[ Si[ K hi[ v i[

16)

give up

leave

RyJ d[ v > &

17)

keep on

go on, continue

cil& riKv> &

18)

make up the time

recover the time

19)

search for

look for

20)

totter

walk with unsteady steps lY(Dyi Kiti cilv> &

21)

boast of

speak in proud terms

pi[tini (vS[ bDiS hi>kv)

22)

point out

indicate

c)> F)n[ dSi< v v> &

23)

go on

continue

cil& riKv> &

24)

wear out

get exhausted / tired

Yik) jv> &

25)

hitched to

fastened with a rope

di[ r ) vD[ bi> Fv> &

26)

stalk down

walk down

Dgli Brvi

27)

take off

take a leave

r l[ v )

28)

limp down

walk with difficulty

Ki[D > giti cilv> &

29)

set up

establish

AYipni krv)

30)

turn around

move towards

aij& b ij& frv> &

Std. : 12th

18

g& m iv[ l i[ smy prt m[ L vi[

Si[ F v> &

Std. : 12th

Idioms and Phrases

Similar Meaning

31)

swap

exchange

32)

limp and bashful spirit

33)

reassure oneself

34)

at large

35)

get through

36)

make a living

37)

put one up

38)

put up with one

39)

well off

40)

in any case

41)

stroll off

42)

squeeze in

43)

strom off

44)

in lieu of

45)

ponder over

46)

never mind

47)

last long

48)

as usual

49)

deny of

50)

go at the speed of bits

Gujarati Meaning

adl-bdl krv> &

weak and shy spirit
(nb< L an[ SrmiL
AvBiv
restore confidence
(vVisn> & p& n :AYipn
krv> &
in general
simiy r)t[
complete
p* r > & krv> &
earn ones living
Jvn j$(ryit miT[
kmivv> &
accommodate someone aiSri[ aipvi[
tolerate someone
shn krv> &
wealthy, rich
p] s idir
no matter what
ki[ e pN Bi[ g [
go away with leisure
b[ ( fkrieY) cilti Yv> &
spare time
smy kiQ) l[ v i[
leave in anger
g& Asimi> Ci[ D ) d[ v > &
instead of, in place of
ni bdl[
think deeply on
ni pr g> B )rtiY)
(vcir krvi[
dont bother
(c> t i krvin) j$r nY)
continue for a long time li> b i smy s& F) cilv> &
as per routine
rib[ ti m& jb
prevent from having
niY) v> c )t riKv> &
go very fast
zDpY) aigL vFv> &

and bytes
51)

know ones mind

understand oneself

52)

get back to

contact again

53)

keep expenses down

minimize expenditure

54)

(be) taken aback

(be) surprised

55)

at once

on the spot

56)

turn away

take eyes off

57)

move away

go away

58)

keep looking

watch continuously

59)

speak softly

whisper

60)

walk casually

loiter

61)

move off

turn away

62)

come ones way

meet on way

Std. : 12th

19

pi[ t in) t[ smjv> &

fr) s> p k< krvi[
Kc< GTiDvi[
aiy< Yv> &
trt j
njr f[ r v) l[ v )
d* r ciyi jv> &
tik) rh[ v > &
F)m[ Y ) gNgNv> &
aim t[ m F* m v> &
ciyi jv> &
rAtimi> mLv> &

Std. : 12th

Idioms and Phrases

Similar Meaning

Gujarati Meaning

63)

teeming with

full on

64)

creep with

move slowly

65)

put up

present, offer

66)

scamper away

run away quickly

67)

as a rule

generally

68)

swoop down

come down suddenly

69)

come across

meet suddenly

70)

search for

hunt for

71)

break through

bring about a change

72)

grant ones favour

give someone desirable

73)

grow tame

make homely

74)

to some extent

up to some degree

75)

owe to

(be) in debt to

76)

turn someone out

force someone out

77)

get on

go ahead

78)

as a matter of fact

in reality

79)

black out

cutting off ights

80)

spare something

leave something

81)

forbear

keep oneself in check

82)

a great deal of

a lot of

83)

insist on

press something firmly

84)

perch on

sit on

85)

squeeze through

manage to get through

Y) Brp* r
srk)n[ aigL vFv> &
rj* krv> &
nis) jv> &
simiy r)t[
a[ kia[ k n)c[ aivv> &
a[ kia[ k mLv> &
n) tpis krv)
mi> f[ r fir livvi[
ki[ e n[ e(Ct vAt&
aipv)
pilt> & bnivv> &
am& k hd s& F)
ni N) krv> &
bhir tg[ D ) m* kv> &
aigL vFv& >
hk)ktmi> , Kr[ K r
b_i)ai[ b> F Ye jv)
Ci[ D ) d[ v > &
pi[ tin) tn[ kib* m i>
riKv)
(vp& l p\ m iNmi> , p& O kL
aig\ h riKvi[
n) upr b[ s v> &
si> kD) jyimi> Y )
B)> s ien[ bhir (nkLv> &
Sr)rn[ GsDti F)m[ Y )
aigL vFv> &
v)j zDp[
miY>& hliv) s>m(t aipv)
Bymi>
ki[ e kni vt)
acink fiT) n)kLv> &
n) Si[ F mi> hi[ v > &
j$(ryit p* r ) krv)
(ny># iN h[qL l[v>&
smin drj[ hi[ v i[

narrowly
86)

crawl through

move slowly by dragging

the body

87)

quick as a flash

at fast as lightning

88)

nod in agreement

give consent

89)

in fight

in fear / terror

90)

on behalf of

as a representative of

91)

break out

begin suddenly

92)

look for

in search for

93)

fill the slot

fill the gap

94)

take over

take control of something

95)

be on part with

be in the situation of equality

Std. : 12th

20

Std. : 12th

Idioms and Phrases

Similar Meaning

96)

unprecedented

never happened before

97)

at par with

98)

empty of religion

99)

glittering conqueror

100) bid farewell

101) take a great liking to
102) from then on
103) day off
104) on my own
105) troop in
106) do mind
107) no empty boast
108) be in the dark

Gujarati Meaning

agiu kyir[ y n bn[ l > &

hi[ y t[ v > &
on the equal position
smin p(r(AY(t hi[ v )
lake in religion
Fm< m i> UNp
powerful winner
By (vj[ ti
see off
(vdiy aipv)
feel interested in
mi> K* b rs pDvi[
since then
RyirY)
holiday
rni[ (dvs
myself
mir) t[
enter together in a group sm*hmi> a[ ksiY[ p\ v [ Sv>&
take care
kiLJ riK, sicv
nothing wrong
bDiS n hi> kv)
be ignorant about
ni (vS[ aN hi[ v > &
something

109) nod head

110) look forward to
111) swoop down
112) pass away
113) stretch out
114) a black cloud hovering
115) blurt out
116) keep on
117) in addition
118) rely on
119) jam down
120) be blinded
121) become laughing stock

s> m (t dSi< v v)
wait eagrely
ait& r tip* v < k rih [ v )
come down suddenly
acink Utr) aivv> &
die, expire
mZ R y& pimv> &
extend legs to its full
p* r ) l> b ie s& F ) K[ > c )
length
li> b & krv> &
be in grief or difficulty d& : K k[ m& k[ l)mi> hi[ v > &
speak thoughtlessly
(vciyi< vgr bi[ lv> &
continue to do
cil& riKv> &
besides, moreover
td` u pri> t
depend on
ni pr aiFir riKvi[
press tightly into a space [ r Y) dbiv) b[ s iDv> &
be confused
m> & z ie jv> &
become the target of
hi> s )n[ pi#i bnv> &
show agreement

insult
122) turn out

make appearance,

ni j[ v > & ligv> &

look like
123) (be) amazed

(be) surprised

124) go crazed

become made

125) put up

arrange

126) get down

come down from a

higher position

Std. : 12th

21

aiy< pimv> &

gi> D i bnivv> &
gi[ q vv> &
uprY) n)c[ Utrv> &

Std. : 12th

Idioms and Phrases

Similar Meaning

Gujarati Meaning

127) go through

undergo

128) overcome

subdue

129) burst into tears

start crying suddenly

130) rely on

put trust on

131) presence of mind

ability to take quick

mi> Y ) psir Yv> &

n[ nbL> & piDv> &
F\ & s k[ F\ & s k[ rD) pDv> &
ni pr (vVis m* kvi[
Rv(rt (nN< y S(kt

and sensible decision

132) sooner or later

eventually

133) make sure

confirm

134) ask for

demand

135) deal with

cope up with

136) lose ones temper

get angry

137) have cold feet

feel nervousness

138) meddle with

interfere with

139) of late

recently

140) childs play

easy work

141) turn out

prove to be

142) take up

feel interested,
undertake

143) be in turn with

be in agreement with

144) doze off

sleep

145) gaze

look fixedly

146) be in succession

happen one after

vh[li[ k[ mi[D i[, gm[ Ryir[

Kitr) kr) l[ v )
n) mi> g N) krv)
n[ phi[ > c ) vLv> &
g& As[ Yv> &
(c>ti an&B vv)
mi> dKl krv)
hmNiY)
sh[ l> & kiy<
si(bt Yv> &
mi> rs le jvibdir)
hiYmi> l[ v )
s& s > gt Yen[
s* e jv> &
Tgr Tgr [ v > &
an& k\ m [ aivt> & k[ Yt> &

another in order
147) take up

undertake

148) pass away

die

149) be entitled to

be qualified to

150) pour in

come in regular flow

jvibdir) Av)kirv)
mZ R y& pimv> &
n[ liyk hi[ v > &
vPi< Yv)

SUPPLEMENTARY READING
1)

Idioms and Phrases

Similar Meaning

Gujarati Meaning

make the most of

make the bad situation

vitn> & vt[ s r krv> &

worse
2)

slink away

3)

(be) in hot water

4)

mind ones own business

5)

at length

g& p c& p ciyi jv> &

(be) in trouble
m&k[ l)mi> m*kivv> &
avoid interferring in
ki[ e n) dKlg)r) kyi<
other peoples matter
vgr pi[ tin> & s> B iLv> &
at last / after a long time C[ v T[ / li> b i smy pC)
move awaysilently

Std. : 12th

22

Std. : 12th

Idioms and Phrases

Similar Meaning

6)

give away

submit

7)

stand by

8)

made up of broils

9)

with renewed vigour

10)

plunge down

11)

dawn on

12)

caught up with

13)

easing off

14)

impress the fact upon

somebody

15)

potter about

16)

loll on

17)

in a cold perspiration

18)

wrap up

19)

pick out

20)

trod on

21)

stumble over

22)

have row over

23)

split the difference

24)

spin round

25)

on and off

26)

bring to a standstill

27)

tap out

28)

genial glow

29)

slate and quill

30)

withered wretch

31)

to an fro

32)

worn out

33)

catch up with

Gujarati Meaning

n[ tib[ Yv> &

support
T[ k i[ aipvi[
be full of tension
min(sk r)t[ tNivBy< > &
hi[ v> &
with fresh energy
nv) S(kt k[ [ m Y)
full down
n)c[ pD) jv> &
realize suddenly
acink Bin Yv> &
secceeded in reaching
phi[ > c vimi> sfL Yv> &
no longer troublesome srL Yv> &
emphasize an idea in
ki[ e ni mnmi> vit
the mind of sombody
qsivv)
move about doing jobs c)jvAt& ai[ n [ aimt[ m
le jv)
lie lazily on
s& At Yen[ pDyi> rh[ v > &
in a state of great fear
Drni kirN[ prs[ v [
r[ b z[ b Yv> &
cover up
lp[ T v> & , v)> T v> &
take out
mi> Y ) bhir kiQv> &
walk on
ni pr cilv> &
fall while walking
gDYi[ l )y> & Kie jv> &
have quarrel over
n)bibt[ zgDi[ krvi[
agreed on a decision
a[ k mt Yv> &
rotate rapidly
Fr) pr zDpY) frv> &
happening occasionally p\ s > gi[ p it bnv> &
stop working
qp kr) d[ v > &
produce sound
avij kiQvi[
friendly
m] #i)By< >&
writing and learning
l[ K n an[ BNtr
unhappy, poor
k> giL
here and there
ah)> th)>
become useless
(bnupyi[ g) Ye c* k[ l > &
overtake
n) aigL n)kL) jv> &

Std. : 12th

23

Std. : 12th

WORD BUILDING
No.

Words

Nouns

No.

Words

Nouns

enjoy

enjoyment

37

confess

confession

treat

treatment

38

admit

admission

agree

agreement

39

explain

explanation

achieve

achievement

40

express

expression

replace

replacement

41

extend

extension

advertise

advertisement

42

realize

realization

argue

argument

43

permit

permission

announce

announcement

44

observe

observation

achieve

achievement

45

protect

protection

10

manage

management

46

educate

education

11

advertise

advertisement

47

add

addition

12

employ

employment

48

attract

attraction

13

judge

judgement

49

invite

invitation

14

arrange

arrangement

50

remove

removal

15

excite

excitement

51

renew

renewal

16

develop

development

52

arrive

arrival

17

measure

measurement

53

approve

approval

18

settle

settlement

54

survive`

survival

19

retire

retirement

55

appear

appearance

20

establish

establishment

56

enter

entrance

21

treat

treatment

57

ignore

ignorance

22

improve

improvement

58

annoy

annoyance

23

enlarge

enlargement

59

avoid

avoidance

24

pay

payment

60

allow

allowance

25

clear

clarity

61

guide

guidance

26

regular

regularity

62

perform

performance

27

honest

honesty

63

assure

assurance

28

real

reality

64

differ

difference

29

difficult

difficulty

65

depend

dependence

30

royal

royalty

66

refer

reference

31

possible

possibility

67

prefer

preference

32

popular

popularity

68

weak

weakness

33

able

ability

69

fair

fairness

34

local

locality

70

cheap

cheapness

35

secure

security

71

busy

business

36

moral

morality

72

correct

correctness

Std. : 12th

24

Std. : 12th

No.

Words

Nouns

No.

Words

Nouns

73

bold

boldness

110

intend

intention

74

clever

cleverness

111

revise

revision

75

happy

happiness

112

acquire

acquisition

76

black

blackness

113

satisfy

satisfaction

77

bright

brightness

114

choose

choice

78

clean

cleanliness

115

lose

loss

79

ill

illness

116

prove

proof

80

dark

darkness

117

die

death

81

rich

richness

118

try

trial

82

eager

eagerness

119

speak

speech

83

serious

seriousness

120

hate

hatred

84

good

goodness

121

marry

marriage

85

lazy

laziness

122

carry

carriage

86

humble

humbleness

123

succeed

success

87

ugly

ugliness

88

mix

mixture

89

fail

failure

90

depart

departure

91

proceed

procedure

92

please

pleasure

93

recover

recovery

94

injure

injury

95

inquire

inquiry

96

discover

discovery

97

jealous

jelaousy

98

grow

growth

99

long

length

100

young

youth

101

true

truth

102

advise

advice

103

relieve

relief

104

believe

belief

105

practise

practice

106

sell

sale

107

tell

tale

108

prescribe

prescription

109

define

definition

Std. : 12th

25

Std. : 12th

Std. : 12th

17