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Abstract This study is focused on Grid Connected SinglePhase Bidirectional Inverter with Boost Maximum Power Point
Tracker (MPPT). By using PV system and a DC-DC boost
converter with MPPT generate power that power utilized by
the dc applications .Whenever surplus power is available that
power sell to grid, When sun intensity is in bad condition we
can buy the power from a grid, a bidirectional inverter is
required to control the power flow between dc bus and ac grid.
It also proposes (MPPT) algorithm is used to track the
maximum power of PV cell. In this grid connected inverter,
inverter can be operated with pulse switching and unipolar
PWM switching and a suitable LC filters. Simulation results
show that the model can effectively realize the actual physical
characteristics of a Grid Connected Single-Phase Bidirectional
Inverter with Boost Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT).
Index Terms Photovoltaic system, MPPT, boost converter,
bidirectional inverter, grid-connection and unipolar PWM
switching.
I. INTRODUCTION
On account of continually expanding energy requirement,
grid linked Photovoltaic or PV systems tend to be becoming a
lot more well-known, and several nations around the world
possess granted, motivated, and in many cases financed
distributed-power-generation systems. The technology
nevertheless offers faults for instance large original
installation expense in addition to lower energy-conversion
performance hence requiring steady upgrades regarding both
equally PV cell in addition to electrical power converter
technologies. Various types of environmentally friendly
energy, for example photovoltaic or PV, the wind, tidal, as
well as geothermal energy, possess captivated a lot of
awareness within the last few decade [1][3]. Amongst these
kind of natural means, the SUN energy is often a major as well
as suitable environmentally friendly energy regarding
low-voltage dc-distribution techniques, owing to the is worth
PV array
Boost with
MPPT
Technique
Bi-directional
Inverter
Filter
Grid
Where Iph is the Photon current, Id is the diode current and Ish
is the shunt current. Fig 3 shows the characteristic of IV curve.
The net current I is obtained from the photo current Iph and
the diode current Id [7].
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Srikanth et. al.,
V. BIDIRECTIONAL INVERTER
The proposed bidirectional inverter is a full-bridge
configuration, as shown in Fig. 8,
From this
Switching
State
1
2
ON switch
OFF Switch
O/p Voltage
SA+,SBSA-,SB+
SA-,SB+
SA+,SB-
+Vdc
-Vdc
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Srikanth et. al.,
m = /
(7)
Where,
m = modulation index (decimal)
Am = amplitude of modulating signal (V)
Acr = amplitude of carrier signal (V)
In this developed model, the modulating signal frequency
(fm) is set to 50 Hz to match the frequency of the utility grid,
while switching frequency (fs) is set to 20 kHz. In reality,
switching frequency of 20 kHz or above is commonly used to
operate outside the audible noise. Generally, the level of
audible noise decreases with the increase of switching
frequency [9]. However in simulation, a very high switching
frequency (20 kHz or above) will require a very small value of
simulation step size (s or less) for accurate switching
simulation studies which will result in very long simulation
time [10]. The simulation step size used in this simulation
studies is 1 s.
Where,
fc = cut-off frequency (Hz)
Lf = filter inductor (H)
Cf = filter capacitor (F)
A. Grid Synchronization
Grid inverter needs a pure sinusoidal reference voltage to
ensure that the sinusoidal output of the inverter is
synchronized to the grid frequency. The voltage magnitude of
the inverter output (Vinv) needs to exceed the grid voltage,
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Srikanth et. al.,
Fig: 12 Simulation Circuit for Grid connected inverter with pulse switching
Fig: 13 Simulation Circuit for Grid connected inverter with SPWM switching
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Srikanth et. al.,
The
simulation
is
implemented
using
MATLAB/SIMULINK that is simplified diagram for
simulation shown in fig 12 &13. In Grid connected Inverter,
Grid can be operated at 230V rms value based on that
calculated
inverter
input
voltage
by
using
230*1.414*1.1=360V DC, but for loading
reasons
considering DC Bus voltage 400V then chosen PV Cell
output voltage is 132V and duty cycle is 0.675. Based on this
data simulation of grid connected inverter with pulse
generation switching shown in fig 12 gives the output voltage
is 230V. Considering another grid connected inverter with
SPWM switching shown in fig 13 gives the output voltage is
230V with reduced THD. By the simulation obtain the
DC-DC converter output voltage is 400V shown in fig 14 that
converter output voltage is connected to inverter with pulse
generation switching gives 230V shown in fig 15 with THD is
6.10% shown in fig 17.The DC bus voltage connected to
inverter with SPWM switching gives 230V AC shown in fig
18 with reduced THD 1.27% is shown in fig 20.
400
300
Voltage (V)
200
100
0
-100
-200
-300
-400
4.5
4.55
4.6
4.65
4.7
4.75
4.8
4.85
4.9
4.95
Time (sec)
-200
DC Bus Voltage
500
0.5
Voltage (v)
400
1.5
2.5
Time (s)
3.5
4.5
800
900
1000
300
Mag (% of Fundamental)
200
100
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
Time (sec)
100
200
300
400
500
600
Frequency (Hz)
700
Output Voltage
400
200
300
200
-100
Voltage (v)
Voltage (V)
100
-200
-300
100
-100
-400
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
-200
Time (sec)
-300
-400
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
Time (sec)
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Srikanth et. al.,
400
300
Voltage (v)
200
100
0
-100
-200
-300
-400
4.5
4.55
4.6
4.65
4.7
4.75
4.8
4.85
4.9
4.95
Time (sec)
200
[7] Marcelo Gradella Villalva, Jonas Rafael Gazoli, and Ernesto Ruppert
Filho. Comprehensive Approach to Modeling and Simulation of
Photovoltaic Arrays -IEEE Transactions on power electronics, vol. 24, no.
5, May 2009 .
-200
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
Time (s)
3.5
4.5
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
[11] Ashish Kumar Singhal , Neha Yadav ,N.S. Beniwal, Global Solar
Energy: A Review, International Electrical Engineering Journal (IEEJ)
Vol. 6 (2015) No.3 , pp. 1828-1833,ISSN 2078-2365.
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
100
200
300
700
800
900
1000
VIII. CONCLUSION
This single-phase full-bridge inverter for grid-connected
PV power system has been designed along with demonstrated.
This THD with the inverter together with pulse switching
output voltage is more when compared to inverter with
SPWM switching. This bidirectional inverter has got to
satisfied grid link (sell power) along with rectification (buy
power) together with power-factor Correction (PFC) to
control the power circulation in between dc bus along with air
conditioning unit grid.
REFERENCES
[1] J. M. Carrasco, L. G. Franquelo, J. T. Bialasiewicz, E. Galvan, R. C. P.
Guisado, Ma. A. M. Prats, J. I. Leon, and N. Moreno-Alfonso,
Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy
sources: a survey, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1002
1016, Aug. 2006.
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Srikanth et. al.,